汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献

1、 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRIVING BEHAVIORRECORDER AND DRIVING MONITOR RECORDERMasaru UeyamaSumio OgawaNational Research Institute of Police ScienceHideo ChikasueKizuki MuramatuYazaki Meter Co., LTDJapanABSTRACTAfield trial has been carried out using

2、a set of automatic recording system, DrivingMonitoring Recorder (DMR) and Accident Data Recorder (ADR) installed on 20 vehicles in afleet of cars in Tokyo area, in order to assess the implications in driving behavior and accidents.The 38 subjects, who drive the 20 vehicles were monitored during driv

3、ing by the DMR for oneyear. Simultaneously, the data in pre-and post accident were recorded by ADR whenever accidentsoccurred. ln addition, the drivers were examined by a driving aptitude test.The data by DMR are analyzed focusing on fluency of occurrence of emergency brakeoperation and/or rapid sta

4、rt performance as representing driving behavior as a trial.The 23 accident cases including cross accident, rear-end accident, turning accident, arecollected by ADR for one year. The accident data are analyzed focusing on environmental 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献condition in pre- accident stage and driving be

5、havior.Relationships between driving behavior and accident are proposed as results of data analysis.In particular, the accident mechanisms of specific accidents, in which the subject ranked carelessdriver involved can be explained in terms of driving behavior, which is determined by hiscognition and

6、/or judgment when he is facing specific environmental situations. A set of theautomatic recording systems offer very clear benefits to study traffic accident mechanism inparticular on the manner of driving immediately before accident,and they will provide hithertounavailable information in the field

7、 of road safety.1. INTRODUCTIONFor the prevention of traffic accidents, it is important to clarify the relationship between thetraffic situation immediately before the occurrence of a traffic accident and the characteristics ofindividual driver. This mutual relationship, however, is so complicated t

8、hat accident investigationsconducted based on conventional investigation techniques and many inspections and studies madeto identify the characteristics of drivers have scarcely succeeded in clarifying it.Driver education requires that information on these key factors leading to a traffic accident b

9、einformed to drivers in a concrete and specific manner. In this driver education, however,information on how traffic accidents occur through this complicated mutual relationship betweenthe traffic situation and drivers characteristics is provided only briefly and insufficiently; morepractical driver

10、 education techniques need be developed. The previous report described theeffectiveness of the technique of collecting data on the behavior of drivers just before the trafficaccidents by using automatic recording Systems.(1),(2) ,(3)ln the paper, the accident data recorder and driving monitoring rec

11、order are installed oncommercial vehicles and collected, and analyzed data. Specifically, the accident data recorder wasused to collect physical data at the occurrence of traffic accidents, i.e., the change in speeds,impact acceleration, the state of braking and lighting, etc., just before the traff

12、ic accidents and thedriving monitoring recorder was used to collect data on the everyday behavior of drivers, i.e., roadspeed, the frequency of rapid starting and sudden braking, etc. Ln this report, one traffic accidentthat a certain driver encountered is taken up and the situation in which this tr

13、affic accidentoccurred is analyzed in full detail, focusing on the relationship between the traffic situation andthe behavior of this driver. The results of this analysis indicate that they can be used as practicaldata for driver education. The outline of this analysis is described in the following

14、chapters.2. AUTMTIC RECORDING SYSTEM2.1 Accident Data Recorder The accident data recorder (ADR: UDS2156) is the in-carrecorder developed by MANNESMANN KIEINZEL which records and stores in memory onspeed, longitudinal and lateral acceleration, yaw angle, brake activation (on/off), left and rightdirec

15、tion indicators (on/off) , plus six or so on/off channels.(3),(4),(5) While a vehicle is beingdriven, data, sampled at 5OOH2, is stored in temporary memory where it is continuously analyzedby the accident detection algorithm. When the algorithm recognizes the characteristic features ofan accident, t

16、he previous 30s and after 15s of data is transferred in coded form toa permanentmemory. After data is stored, this recorder stands by, waiting for the next collision. It can recorddata on the first and second collisions.2.2 Drive Monitoring Recorder The driving monitoring recorder (DMR: YAZAC-5064)(

17、6) isthe in-car safety driving recorder developed by YAZAKI METER Co., Ltd. It was developed as arecorder capable of monitoring the conditions of everyday traveling of vehicles. All other travel 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献3. METHOD 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献With these averaged values defined as 100, recorded values

18、were plotted to make a radarchart; in other words, data on each individual subject was processed in a way that it could berepresented on the basis of specified benchmarks and be plotted as indicators to make a chart asshown in Figure 2. This radar chart allows the identification at firs t sight of h

19、ow each subjectsdriving characteristics differ from the overall average. 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献before the occurrence of the traffic accident as follows: 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献5.1 Accident and Situation 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献and that he could drive this distance of about 100 m in a stable smoo

20、th manner. Furthermore, it ispresumed that still other situation-specific elements affected the drivers behavior, namely, hecould see the status of traffic signals at the entry to the main road from a distance and, therefore,he could possibly adjust his speed to have his vehicle slide into the main

21、road smoothly. All in all,the present study suggests that dat,a collected with the accident data recorder can be usedeffectively to conduct practical studies in the correlation between the traffic accidents and thetraffic situation from various angles.5.2 Relationship between Data of ADR and DMRAcco

22、rding to data collected by the driving monitoring recorder, this driver who caused thetraffic accident is identlified as being the driver “A” ( shown in Table 1) who practice hardacceleration and rapid starts with much greater frequency than other drivers.Even greater volumes of data are required to

23、 study the relationship between the drivingbehavior under a normal driving situation and traffic accidents and, at the same time, variousstudies need be conducted to identify how such volumes of data can be analyzed.The relation with the conventional driver aptitude test in particular is now listed

24、as one ofsubjects that require studies. The results of the present study indicate that a high frequency ofsudden braking and other types of driving behavior generally considered the factors of ineligibilityas a driver can be one of the indexes to identify the characteristics of drivers.5.3 DMR Data

25、for Safety EducationData collected with the driving monitoring recorder shows detailed information onindividuals everyday driving and can possibly be used to point out dangerous ways of drivingobjectively and improve them.Four subjects were int.erviewed and results of analysis made on their individu

26、al driving datawere shown to them. They were advised to improve their driving behavior with respect of two tothree driving deficiencies, a greater number of times of sudden braking, for example. Explanationswere given as to how the driving monitoring recorder is monitoring their driving behavior at

27、alltimes and that drivers are required to be well aware of their deficiencies and to have the positiveattitude to improve themselves.The number of driving deficiencies pointed out to each driver is limited to only two or threewhich may be the limits he can manage to improve at one time. Also such dr

28、iving deficiencies tobe pointed out are limited to the type of behavior that is obviously considered an unsafe drivingpattern, such as sudden braking. Also each drivers attention was called to how different hisdriving data is from data of other subjects, so that each driver as a subject can have a g

29、oodunderstanding of the characteristics of his driving behavior.If it is possible to acquire data attesting to the possibility to improve the driving behavior ofprofessional drivers by giving such simple instructions, the t.ype of education based on datacollected by the driving monitoring recorder w

30、ill be considered worth notice and a newdemonstrative approach to the safety education.6. CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrates that data before and after the occurrence of a traffic accidentcan be recorded wit,h the accident data recorder and driving monitoring recorder and that a trafficacciden

31、t can be reproduced in full detail, including the driving behavior just before the occurrenceof a traffic accident. If it becomes possible to relate the results of this close investigation into thecause of a traffic accident to the characteristics of drivers everyday driving behavior, this new 汽车行驶记

32、录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献approach to the driver education can be an important breakthrough in the prevention of trafficaccidents. It is expected that this approach to the driver education based on the effective use ofinformation collected by these automatic recording systems can be a powerful means of practical

33、driver education and can offer convincing clarification on how and why traffic accidents occurthrough complicated combinations of drivers characteristics and situation-specific factors.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors would like to take this opportunity to express appreciation to Mr. A. Kast toanalyze the

34、 data of ADR. The authors would also like to thank Mr. T. Ogino and Mr. K. Konishicollecting the data, and to thank Mr. K. Ohba offering some devices.REFERECE1) M. Ueyama, M. Koura, H. Tikasue and A. Kast, “Study of Traffic Accident Mechanismwith UDS and TAAMS”. JSA&9539941, 37-40, 1995.2) M. Ueyama

35、 “Study of Traffic Accident Mechanism with TAAMS”. 15m ESV ConferenceProceeding, -, 1996.3) William F. Fincham, A. Kast and R. F. Lamboun, “The Use of a High Resolution AccidentData Recorder in the Field”. SAE 950351,1995.4) VDO Kienzel GmbH, “A Contribution to Road Safety by VDO Kienzle GmbH., 1995

36、. 5)William F. Fincham, “Watching How You Drive”. IEE Review, 9-7100, 1996.6) Yazaki Meter Co., LTD, “Manual of Driving Monitoring Recorder”, by Yazaki MeterCo.,LTD.1995.驾驶行为与交通事故数据记录仪以及驾驶监测记录仪之间的关系摘要野外试验中已开始使用一套自动记录系统，将监控记录器（DMR ）和事故数据记录器（ADR）安装在在东京地区的 一个 20 辆车的车队的车上，以便评估驾驶行为和事故间牵连的关系在 38 个实验对象中，驾驶

37、 20 辆车的驾驶过程将被监控记录器记录一年。同时，该数据每次事故发生前后都会被记录。此外，这些司机的驾驶能力都要被测试。监控记录仪记录的数据聚焦于流畅运行时发生紧急制动的情况和/或以快速启动性能为代表做试验的驾驶行为。这23 个事故案例包括交叉事故，追尾事故，弯道事故，事故数据记录仪的收集期为一年。本事故数据分析的重点在于事故发生前阶段的环境条件下的驾驶行为。驾驶行为与事故之间的关系被提出来作为数据分析的结果。特别的，具体事故的发生机制，其中粗心的司机可以排名解释的驾驶行为，这是取决于他的认知和/或判断当他面对的是具体的环境情况。一套自动记录系统提供了非常明确有效的研究特别是在事故机制方式的

38、驱动之前事故，他们将在道路安全领域提供迄 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献今无法使用的信息。1.引言为了预防交通事故，重要的是澄清在发生交通事故前突发交通状况的情况和个别司机的特别情况之间的关系。这之间是相互关联的，然而，它是如此复杂以至于基于传统的调查技术和大量的检查以及对驾驶员特性确认的研究的事故调查几乎没有成功地澄清它。驾驶培训要求包括关键因素的信息能使交通事故在具体的以具体的方式通知司机。在驾驶员的培训中，只提供少量的关于交通事故是如何发生在交通状况与司机特性的复杂关系的信息。更加实用的驾驶培训技术需要进一步发展。之前的报告描述了用自动记录有效收集司机在交通事故发生之前行为的数据的

39、技术。在本文中，事故数据记录仪和驾驶监测记录仪都被安装在商用车并且用于收集和分析数据。具体来说，事故数据记录仪用来收集交通事故发生时的物理数据，即：速度的变化，冲击加速度，制动和照明状况等等。收集这些在交通事故和驾驶监测记录仪被用来收集司机每天的驾驶数据，即，道路速度，快速启动以及突然制动的频率之前。在本报告中， 将详细分析某司机发生交通事故的情况，重点分析交通情况与这个司机驾驶的行为之间的关系。分析结果表明，这些可以被用来作为驾驶培训实用的数据。这一分析的要点将在以下章节阐述。2.自动记录系统2.1 事故数据记录仪事故数据记录器（ADR：uds2156）是车载型记录仪记录并将速度，纵向和横向

40、加速度，偏航角记录在内存，制动激活（打开/关闭），左、右方向指标（上/下），加上六个左右的开/关渠道。（3），（4），（5）当车辆被发动，数据采样频率为 500Hz，存储在临时内存内，临时内存不断分析的事件检测算法。当算法系统识别到事故的某些特性时，前 30 秒和 15 秒钟后的数据将以编码形式转换成永久性记忆。在数据存储完后，记录仪将停止等待下一次的碰撞。它可以记录第一、二次碰撞数据。2.2 驱动监测记录仪驾驶监测记录仪（DMA：YAZAC-5064）（6）是内置的安全驾驶记录器，它是YAZAKI METER 股份有限公司研发的。它旨在发明一个可监控日常生活行车的记录仪。所有其他的行车情况像

41、驾驶速度，行驶距离等，都将一数字数据的形式记录下来。这些数据也许可以提供一个重要的信息，用以确定并从安全驾驶的角度上感谢驾驶员的驾车行为。3.方法3.1 数据采集事故数据记录仪及驾驶监测记录仪被安装在 20 辆商务用车上。事故数据记 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献图 1：DMR 数据的一个例子 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献图 4：驾驶员 A 发生的事故数据第（5）步当它再次达到 30 公里/小时的时候保持这个速度行驶约为 3 秒。 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献图 6：事故发生地点的交通规划图 7：事故发生地的周边环 汽车行驶记录仪中英

42、文对照外文翻译文献 汽车行驶记录仪中英文对照外文翻译文献推定，还有其他具体因素影响着司机的行为，即，他在距主干道还有一段距离时可以看到交通信号灯，因此，他可能会调整自己的速度使他的车平滑地进入主干道。总之，目前的研究表明，一个事故数据记录仪收集的数据可以用来有效地进行研究交通事故及不同角度交通情况之间的相关性。5.2 ADR 数据和 DMR 数据之间的关系根据驾驶监测记录仪收集的数据，这个造成交通事故的驾驶员指定为运用加速和快速启动频率比其他驾驶员更大的驾驶员“A”（见表 1）。我们需要甚至更大数量的数据来研究在正常驾驶现状下的驾驶行为和交通事故之间的关系，在同一时间，需要进行各种研究确定如何使这大量的数据可以被分析。尤其是普通驾驶员的恰当测试现在已经被提出作为一个课题来研究了。最近的研究结果表明，高频率的突然制动和其他