2023年高考英语复习讲练测第13讲 阅读理解主旨大意题（测）（全国通用原卷版）

1、2023年高考英语复习讲练测第13讲阅读理解主旨大意题（测）时间：45分钟总分值：50分阅读理解（每题2分，共50分）A（2018,上海高考真题）Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies （加密货币）have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money thats not tied to a specific bank-or a specific country-is appealing to many. But its worth remembering that t

2、he banking system that we now all live with is just that： A modem invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. （In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.）.In the past, money*s makeup varied f

3、rom place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the worlds first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum （4艮金矿）,objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. I

4、n West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used to replace coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the

5、 colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U. K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency-and some people there are even hoarding （贮存）it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, t

6、he most-populated island that*s part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange fbr goods.How much tuna（金枪鱼）you can get fbr your shells depends on their color and shape,n Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. nOne strip of darker she

7、lls might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time.”Just like a mint that creates coins, theres only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together

8、 to form 3-fdot-long ropes, are made. The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned （困住）out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themse

9、lves, and so the shell currency was bom.Using shells fbr money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of mo

10、ney, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we*ve assigned value to一and probably less durable over time tha

11、n those shells.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?Money was created and was widely used in the world.Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.The ingredients of worlds first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.Using shells for money has been

12、out of date in the world.The word mint in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to. A. a kind of money that can exchangethe leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candieda place to produce and polish shellsa factory that produces currencyWhat*s opinion of the author towards shells fbr money?A. Reasona

13、ble.B. Imaginary.C. Convenient.D. Inventive.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?The History of BitcoinShells Still MoneyThe Currency Is of Great Use D. Some ShellsB（2021 浙江高考真题）Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees （黑猩猩）use to co

14、mmunicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led

15、the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.“Thats whats so amazing about chimp gestures/ she said. The

16、yre the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animafs call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant diffe

17、rence between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:*1 Climb on me.n The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and

18、they travel off together. nThe big message from this study is that there is another species （物种）out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so thafs not unique to humans J said Dr Hobaiter.Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was prai

19、seworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were a little disappointing.The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in thei

20、r gestures and actions/ she said. nMoreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. n 5 . What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?A. Memorizing specific words.B. Understanding complex informa

21、tion.C. Using voices to communicate.D. Communicating messages on purpose.What did Dr Shultz think of the study?It was well designed but poorly conducted.It was a good try but the findings were limited.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.W

22、hat does the underlined word gulf in the last paragraph mean?A. Difference. B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection.Which of the following is the best title fbr the text?A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough B. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills C. Chimpanzees: the smar

23、test species in the animal kingdom D. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translatedC（2017全国高考真题）Cloud computing will be in use by about 80 percent of about 600 companies. The trend suggests that data management and storage are moving to cloud computing sellers on a large scale.Touting（兜售）cl

24、oud computing as a way to get rid of the costs of buying and maintain in on-site information-technology equipment, sellers offer it in the form of Software As A. Service（SAAS）, a delivery model in which software applications are delivered to customers over a web-based network. SAAS can serve the nee

25、ds of entire companies through huge, web-based platforms. As cloud computing rapidly becomes the delivery channel fbr software developers of all shapes and sizes to get their products to market, offering applications in a cloud is now the rule not the exception. A. relatively small number of sellers

26、 are able to offer SAAS to big companies that want company-wide cloud computing, and only the sellers need apply. Although market-share data are hard to come by, the list of companys large enough to offer cloud-computing on this scale is short: Microsoft, Amazon, Google, Salesforce, Rackspace and no

27、t many others.The concentration of data and virtual （虚拟）computing in the hands of relatively few sellers raises an important risk fbr their customers if the Internet-based systems of any one seller are hacked, the result could be security problems across entire industries in which their customers do

28、Can this small group of cloud-computing sellers effectively respond to the needs of their customers to quickly fix such a problem and, most importantly, cut off the damage to these companies own customers? Don*t think such things can*t happen. If hackers can penetrate the Department of Defense, the

29、risk that they will penetrate Microsoft or google cannot be ruled out Compromise of just one of these sellers-even one with a modest market share-possibly could shut down, at least temporarily, a sizable part of the U. S. economy.What can cloud computing do?A. Reduce the cost of computers.B. Provide

30、 software service.C Market various products.D. Help companies design websites.What do we know about cloud computing?A. It works under SAAS.It covers a large part of market-share.C Most companies can provide it.D. Most sellers apply for it.Why is the Department of Defense mentioned in the last paragr

31、aph?To warn people of the hackers1 power.To show relationship between it and microsoft.To give an example of the countrys loss.To present the real picture of the U.S.economy.What might be the best title for the text?A. The Unthinkable risks of the cloud.Cloud Computing and Smart Sellers.SAAS and cha

32、nging Companies.The Cloud Computing Age.D（2012辽宁高考真题）If Confucius（孔子）were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.While many people in China will remember Confucius on h

33、is special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It!s nothing personal. Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.But this doesnt mean that Americans donft care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners mus

34、t cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese l

35、anguage and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history andphilosophy（哲学）.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks（缺陷）of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at

36、the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinkers ideas are still alive an

37、d well.Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As fbr the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.The opening paragraph is mainly intended vide some key

38、 facts about Confuciusattract the readers* interest in the subject C show great respect fbr the ancient thinker D. prove the popularity of modem birthday celebrationsWe can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students.have a great interest in studying Chinesetake an active part in Chinese competiti

39、onstry to get high scores in Chinese examsfight fbr a chance to learn Chinese. What is the best title fbr the passage?Forgotten Wisdom in AmericaHuge Fans of the Chinese LanguageC , Chinese Culture for WesternersD. Old Thinker w汕 a Big FutureThe passage is likely to appear in.A. a personal biography

40、B. a history paperC , a cultural newspaperD. a philosophy textbookE（2020全国高考真题）When Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they werent there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars.

41、Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks fbr not using real apes （猿）!”The creative team behind Apes used motion-capture （动作捕捉）technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that r

42、ecords an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image （图像）. In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.Yet Apes is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treat

43、ment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants J The Hangover Part and Zookeeper,“ have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.In som

44、e cases, its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as production

45、s filmed in the States.Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard? A. To see famous film stars.B , To oppose wearing fur coats.To raise money fbr animal protection.To express thanks to some filmmakers. 18 . What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The cost of making Apes.”B. The cr

46、eation of digitalized apes.C. The publicity about “Apes.” D. The perfbmiance of real apes.What does the underlined phrase keeping tabs on in paragraph 3 probably mean?Listing completely.Directing professionally.Promoting successfully.Watching carefully.F（2020,全国高考真题）We are the products of evolution,

47、 and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes （基因）,they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa a

48、nd northern Europe have gained a mutation （突变）that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into bette

49、r divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts （支柱） in coastal waters. They are simply a stranger to the land,“ said Redne

50、y C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish, “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us loca

51、l islanders J Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that m

52、ade the task easier fbr them, it seemed like the perfect chance fbr natural selection to act on a population/9 said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?A. Environmental adapta

53、tion of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution.C. Recent findings of human origin.D. Significance of food selection.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A. They could walk on stilts all day.C. They could stay long underwater.What can be a suitable title fbr the text?Bodies

54、 Remodeled for a Life at SeaC. Basic Methods of Genetic ResearchThey had a superb way of fishing.D. They lived on both land and water.B. Highlanders, Survival SkillsD. The Worlds Best Divers（2020,北京,高考真题）For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself tore-creating

55、long-fbrgotten techniques. While doing research fbr her new book, she came across a 16th-centuryFrench manuscript （手稿）consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.The authors intention remains as mysterious （神秘）as his name; he may have

56、been simply taking notes fbr his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didnt truly grasp any of the skills the author described. nYou simply cant get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it/ she says.Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things

57、the old-fashioned way isn!t just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen （IE） who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered t