2022年人教版高中英语第一册知识点归纳

1、学习必备 欢迎下载必修 1： Friendship （P1）1.be good to 对 好,对 和气,对 友好Why cant she be good to her sister. 为什么她不能对她姐姐好点？2. survey 调查 a survey of 对 的调查,关于 的调查a survey of US businesses 对美国企业的调查 survey shows/reveals that 调查显示 The survey showed that Britains trees are in good health. 调查显示英国的树木状况良好；carry out/conduct a

2、survey =do a survey 进行调查 We conducted a survey of parents in the village. 我们对这个村子的孩子父母作了一次调查；3. add 添加、增加、运算、相加 add sth to sth 把 加入 中Do you want to add your name to the list. 你想把你的名字加到名单里吗？add sth and sth together 把 和 相加；Add 7 and 5 to make 12. 7 加 5 得 12；add to something 增加What he did has added to

3、our difficulties. add up to 总计,加起来等于他的所作所为增加了我们的困难；The cost added up to 100 million yuan. 费用总计达一亿元；4. until 直到 为止The ticket is valid until March. 这张票的有效期始终到.3.月份；He waited until she had finished speaking. 他始终等到她讲完；not until 直到 才用于强调某事在某个详细的时刻或者另一件事发生以前没有发生5.It was not until 1972 that the war finally

4、 came to an end. 直到 .1972.年战争才最终终止；finish 停止学习必备 欢迎下载finish doing sth 停止做某事（停下正在做的事情）6.I finished typing the report just minutes before it was due. 我在截止时间前几分钟才把报告打完；finish+ with 以 为结尾 The party finished with a song. 聚会以一首合唱终止；help 帮忙 help sb with sth 帮忙某人某事 Can I help you with the washing up. 我来帮你洗碗

5、好吗？My father said hes going to help me with the fees. 父亲说费用问题他会帮我解决的；help sb to do sth I helped her to carry her cases up the stairs. 我帮她把箱子拎上了楼；She helped him choose some new clothes. 她帮他挑了一些新衣服；help to do sth She was coming to help clean the machines. 她要来帮忙擦洗机器；7.plan n.方案、准备； vi & vt 方案、筹划、准备plan

6、ning, planned, planned n.方案、准备； plan for , 的方案有时候也会用介词of His plan is to work abroad for a year. 他方案去国外工作一年；Do you have any plans for the weekend. 你周末有什么准备？make a plan / make plans 做方案、制定方案、筹备；Mary has been busy making plans for her wedding. 玛丽始终在忙着筹划她的婚礼；carry out a plan=do what has been planned 实施方

7、案They were arrested before they could carry out their plans. 他们在实施方案之前就被逮捕了；plan to do sth 方案去做某事 /准备去做某事 /谋划去做某事Maria didnt plan to kill Fiona. It was an accident. 玛丽亚并非蓄意杀害菲奥娜,那是个意外；8. get vi & vt 获得、到达、收到、购买、取得 （ getting, got, gotten ）使某事发生在某人身上 /某物上 get it repaired Youre going to get us all kill

8、ed. 你会让我们都没命的！Dont get yourself burned. 别烫到自己；9. upset 学习必备 欢迎下载adj. 心烦意乱的、不快的、烦躁的 I was very upset because one of my friend was rude to me. 我很心烦,由于我的一个好伴侣对我特别无礼；be upset about She was deeply upset about the way her father treated her. 父亲那样对她,她特别伤心；upset that Debbie was upset that he didnt spend mor

9、e time with her. 他没有花更多的时间陪自己,黛比觉得不快；be upset with sb 生某人的气,对某人感到不快 Youre not still upset with me, are you. 你不是仍在生我的气吧？ vt.使某人愤怒；使愤怒；使心烦意乱 Dont do anything that would upset him. 别做惹他愤怒的事情；His cheating in the exam upset his teacher. 他在考试中作弊,这使他的老师很愤怒；vt.忽视、忽视、不理会 10. ignore You can ignore the fact th

10、at many criminals never go to prison. 你不能无视许多罪犯从未获刑的事实；The phone rang, but she ignored it. 电话铃响了,但她只当没听见；11. calm adj. 静的、安静的、冷静的；n. 安静、安静； vi & vt 使安静Glen was calm and composed at the funeral. 格伦在葬礼上表现得安静而冷静；remain/stay/keep calm 保持冷静、保持安静；I tried to stay calm and just ignore him. the calm before t

11、he storm n.安静我尽量保持冷静,不去理会他；暴风雨前的安静指猛烈争辩或严峻问题显现前短暂的安静局面calm down 复原安静,复原正常; calm sb down 使某人安静下来It took months for things to calm down after we had the baby. 我们有了宝宝后过了好几个月,家里的一切才 复原正常；She lit a cigarette to calm herself down. 她点了支烟,使自己安静下来；12. have got to do 必需,不得不；Have you got to go now. 你非得现在走吗？辨析：

12、 have got to 和 have to 的区分1学习必备欢迎下载（always、often 等）,就用 have to, 而不用have 在表示一次性动作时,两者可以互换；2I have（got） to be back by 10 o我十点前必需回来；当表示习气性动作时,特殊是句子中有表示常常性的副词got to I often have to get up at 5. 我常常要五点起床；3 have got to 几乎不用在过去时态中；In order to catch you, I had to walk very fast. 为了赶上你,我不得不走得很快才行；4have to 在使

13、用时可以搭配助动词或情态动词；也可以用在停止体或完成体结构中,而have got to 不行；I shall have to help him as much as I can. 我将不得不尽我所能地去帮他；7.plan n.方案、准备； vi & vt 方案、筹划、准备planning, planned, planned n.方案、准备； plan for , 的方案有时候也会用介词of His plan is to work abroad for a year. 他方案去国外工作一年；Do you have any plans for the weekend. 你周末有什么准备？make

14、a plan / make plans 做方案、制定方案、筹备；Mary has been busy making plans for her wedding. 玛丽始终在忙着筹划她的婚礼；carry out a plan=do what has been planned 实施方案They were arrested before they could carry out their plans. 他们在实施方案之前就被逮捕了；plan to do sth 方案去做某事 /准备去做某事 /谋划去做某事Maria didnt plan to kill Fiona. It was an accid

15、ent. 玛丽亚并非蓄意杀害菲奥娜,那是个意外；8. get vi & vt 获得、到达、收到、购买、取得 （ getting, got, gotten ）使某事发生在某人身上 /某物上 get it repaired You re going to get us all killed. 你会让我们都没命的！Dont get yourself burned. 别烫到自己；9. upset adj. 心烦意乱的、不快的、烦躁的I was very upset because one of my friend was rude to me. 我很心烦,由于我的一个好伴侣对我特别无礼；be upse

16、t about She was deeply upset about the way her father treated her. 父亲那样对她,她特别伤心；学习必备 欢迎下载upset that Debbie was upset that he didnt spend more time with her. 他没有花更多的时间陪自己,黛比觉得不快；be upset with sb 生某人的气,对某人感到不快 Youre not still upset with me, are you. 你不是仍在生我的气吧？ vt.使某人愤怒；使愤怒；使心烦意乱 Dont do anything that

17、 would upset him. 别做惹他愤怒的事情；His cheating in the exam upset his teacher. 他在考试中作弊,这使他的老师很愤怒；vt.忽视、忽视、不理会 10. ignore You can ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison. 你不能无视许多罪犯从未获刑的事实；The phone rang, but she ignored it. 电话铃响了,但她只当没听见；11. calm adj. 静的、安静的、冷静的；n. 安静、安静； vi & vt 使安静Glen was

18、calm and composed at the funeral. 格伦在葬礼上表现得安静而冷静；remain/stay/keep calm 保持冷静、保持安静；I tried to stay calm and just ignore him. the calm before the storm n.安静我尽量保持冷静,不去理会他；暴风雨前的安静指猛烈争辩或严峻问题显现前短暂的安静局面calm down 复原安静,复原正常; calm sb down 使某人安静下来It took months for things to calm down after we had the baby. 我们有

19、了宝宝后过了好几个月,家里的一切才 复原正常；She lit a cigarette to calm herself down. 她点了支烟,使自己安静下来；12. have got to do 必需,不得不；Have you got to go now. 你非得现在走吗？辨析： have got to 和 have to 的区分5在表示一次性动作时,两者可以互换；（always、often 等）,就用 have to, 而不用have 6I have（got） to be back by 10 o我十点前必需回来；当表示习气性动作时,特殊是句子中有表示常常性的副词got to I often

20、 have to get up at 5. 我常常要五点起床；7have got to 几乎不用在过去时态中；学习必备欢迎下载In order to catch you, I had to walk very fast. 为了赶上你,我不得不走得很快才行；8have to 在使用时可以搭配助动词或情态动词；也可以用在停止体或完成体结构中,而have got to 不行；I shall have to help him as much as I can. 我将不得不尽我所能地去帮他；13. be concerned about sb 关怀某人 He knows that you are alwa

21、ys concerned about him. 他知道你始终关怀他；14. take care of 照料、照看、负责（ take, took, taken）We only have one earth, so we need to take care of her. 我们只有一个地球,所以我们必需要好好的照料她；15. walk the dog 遛狗 She has to walk the dog every morning. 她每天早晨不得不遛狗；She had to walk the dog every morning last year. 去年,她每天早晨都不得不遛狗；16. take

22、 an exam 参与考试； take the end-of-term exam 参与期末考试 When can I take an exam. 我什么时间参与考试？17. laugh at 取笑、嘲笑 The suggestion he made was laughed at by the committee. 他提出的建议遭到了委员会的嘲笑；18. go through 经受、经受或通过、经过、穿过He was going through a very difficult time. 他在经受一段特别艰巨的时期；You must go through customs in order to

23、 pass across the border. 你要过境,就必需在海关办理手续；19. set down 登记、放下、登记Old Walter is setting down his memories of village life. 老瓦尔特正在写他的乡村生活回忆录；Top priority for me is getting him off this plane so I can finally set down my gun. 现在对于我来说最要紧的事就是让他下飞机,这样我就能放下我的枪了；20. a series of 一系列、一连串 We learn language throug

24、h a series of prompts and feedback. 我们通过一系列的提示和反馈学习语言；21. want to do sth; want sb to do sth; want sth done I want to go shopping tomorrow morning. 明天上午我想去购物；I want you to find out what they我要你查明他们有什么方案；I want that letter typed today. 我要那封信今日就打好；22. since 自从 以来,就始终 （通常与主句中完成式连用）学习必备 欢迎下载Weve been wai

25、ting here since two o 我们从两点钟开头就在这里等了；I havent played rugby since I left university. 我高校毕业后就没打过橄榄球；She left London ten years ago, and I havent seen her since. 她十年前离开伦敦,此后我再没有见过她；23. hide away 隐藏、隐匿（ hid, hidden ）hide 动词, away 为副词,宾语为代词时应放在两者中间She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months

26、before they were discovered. 她和她的家人躲了近二十五个月才被发觉；As he didnt want his sister to share his chocolate, he hid it away somewhere under t he bed. 由于他不想和妹妹共享巧克力,他把它藏在床下的某个地方了；24. on purpose 有意地反义短语： by accident/ by chance 意外地,偶然地I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look

27、 at the moon. 为了好好看看月亮,我有意醒着直到十一点半；Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs on purpose. 灰姑娘有意把她的一只鞋子留在了台阶上；Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2022 years ago. 火箭可能是在约两千多年前无意间被创造的；By chance I came across an article about her. 很偶然地,我看到了一篇关于她的文章；25.in order to （+ do） 为了 否定形式： in order not to

28、 do sthso as to 可与 in order to 互换,作目的状语,但so as to 不能位于句首in order that/so that 引导目的状语从句,从句中常有情态动词 can, may ,might, could 等,当主句和从句主语一样时,in order that / so that 可以和 in order to/ so as to 互换；We got up early in order to/ so as to catch the early bus. =In order to catch the early bus, we got up early. =We

29、 got up early to catch the early bus. =We got up early in order that / so that we could catch the early bus. 为了赶上早班车,我们起得很早；26.dare v. 敢于,胆敢to do sth, 在疑问句和否dare 既可作为实意动词,也可作为情态动词；作实意动词时后面常接不定式定句中 to 可省略,作情态动词使用时多用于否定句和疑问句；详细用法如下：学习必备 欢迎下载确定句中：实意动词 dare to do sth 敢于做某事 否定句中：实意动词：dont/ doesnt/ didnt

30、dare to do sth 情态动词： daren t/ darednt do sth 疑问句中：实意动词：Do/ Does/ Did + 主语 + dareto do sth. 情态动词： Dare / Dared + 主语 + do sth. He dares to speak English before his class. 他敢在同学面前说英语 He doesn are to speak English before his class. 他不敢再同学面前说英语；=He daren t speak English before his class.Does he dare to s

31、peak English before his class. 他敢在同学面前说英语吗？=Dare he speak English before his class. happen vi. 发生；碰巧 27.happen to do/ be doing/ have done/ be done 碰巧要做 /正在做 /做过 /被做 happen to sb 某人遇到；某人遭到It just so happens that碰巧 也不能用于被动语态；此外,take place, break out, occur, happen 作“发生、 碰巧 ”时,都是不及物动词,come about 这些短语也都

32、无被动语态；Five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 五个月前的一个傍晚,我碰巧在楼上,当时窗户是开着的；I happened to have seen the lost bike. 我碰巧见过那辆丢了的自行车；My mom tells me that I cant control what happen to me. 我妈妈告知我,我掌握不了发生在我身上的事；It just so happened that he was upstairs. = He happened to be

33、upstairs. 他碰巧在楼上；28. face to face 面对面 face to face 短语作状语,用来修饰句子中的动词；“ 名词 +介词 +名词 ”结构的短语仍有： shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩；back to back 背对背； side by side 肩 并肩； step by step 逐步地； day after day 日复一日； year after year 年复一年； hand in hand 手牵手；arm in arm 臂挽臂；等等；face-to-face 是复合形容词,用来修饰名词,作定语；s better to talk with

34、 our f riends face to face. 最好和我们的伴侣面对面地交谈；It The couple walked along the street side by side. 这对夫妻肩并肩沿着大街走；They went to a wonderful party yesterday. First, they danced face to face and then they had a face-to-face talk. 29.学习必备欢迎下载修饰非连续性动词；no longer 不再no longer = not any longer,表示时间上不再连续,修饰连续性动词；no

35、 more = not any more,表示动作不再连续, 数量不再增加或者程度不再加深,She no longer works here.= She doesnt work here any longer. 她不在这里工作了；30.Time lost will return no more. = Time lost will not return any more. 失去的时间不会再回来；power n. 力气；才能；权力do everythi ng in ones power 尽全力做某事have the power to do sth 有做某事的才能 be in power 执政,掌权

36、（强调状态）come to power 执政,掌权（强调动作）powerful adj. 有权势的,有才能的,有影响力的；反义：powerless adj. 无权的,无影响力的 Knowledge is power. 学问就是力气；I will do everything in my power to help you. 我会尽全力帮忙你；The president has the power to reject bills. 总统有权拒绝议案；31. 辨析：情态动词 + have done 表示对过去事情的估计；注：虚拟语气中除外；1. could have done 可能做过某事（表示比较

37、确定的估计）/本能够做而未做2. may /might have done 可能做过某事（表示不太确定的估计）3. must have done 肯定做过某事（特别确定）4. cant /couldnt have done 不行能做过某事5. should have done = ought to have done本该做某事而未做6. shouldn t have done = ought not to have done 本不该做某事却做了eg:史密斯先生不行能去了北京,由于我刚才在图书馆观察他了；Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw

38、 him in the library just now.对不起,我迟到了,我本该早点给你打电话的；I am sorry for being late. I should have phoned you earlier. 你昨天本不该把真相告知他的；You shouldnt have told him the truth yesterday.学习必备 欢迎下载32. make + 宾语 + 宾补make 是使役动词,它的宾补用省略to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词和名词；留意： make 后面的宾补不能用现在分词,即：make sb doing ；make 后面的宾补为省略 to 的不定式时,即

39、 make sb do sth,在变为被动语态时,to 要仍原； Her mother made her stay at home. She was made to stay at home by her mother.1. make sb/sth do sth = have/let sb/sth do sth 使某人 /某物去做某事2. make sb/sth done = have sb/sth done 使某人 /某事被 3. make sb/sth + adj. 使某人 /某物 4. make sb/sth + n. 使某人 /某物成为 eg:他让她日夜工作；He made her w

40、ork day and night. 她大声说以便自己的话被听清晰；She spoke loudly so that she could make herself heard clearly. 她通过了考试,这使她的父母感到骄傲；She passed the exam, which make her parents proud. 我们让他当队长；We made him captain of the team. 33. keep + 宾语 + 宾补此结构表示 “使 保持 ” ,宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词或过去分词；留意： keep 后面的宾补不能用不定式,即keep sb/sth

41、 to do sth ；但是后面的宾补可以用现在分词,即keep sb/sth doing sth. eg:他喜爱开着窗户睡觉；He likes to keep the window open while sleeping. 他总是使车保持良好状态；学习必备 欢迎下载He always keeps the car in good condition. 对不起,让你久等了；I am sorry to keep you waiting so long. 多听少讲；Keep your mouth shut and your ears open. 34. wonder vi&vt 疑问、想知道、怀疑；

42、u.n.对美丽事物或新奇事物 赞叹、诧异； c.n.奇事、奇迹；1. I wonder if/whether 我不知是否 此句型表示有礼貌地询问某事或恳求帮忙,其中eg.: 不知您能否帮我的忙；I wonder if/whether you can help me. 我可不行以要一杯饮料？I wonder if I might have a drink. if/whether 引导宾语从句；多用于口语中；2. wonder + who/what/how/where 引导的从句,表示：想知道eg.: 我想知道詹姆斯的近况；I wonder how James is getting on. 3.

43、n. eg.: 观察长城,我们满怀赞叹；The sight of the Great Wall filled us with wonder. 世界七大奇迹the Seven Wonders of the World 4.its no/sm all/little wonder that 并不古怪,不足为奇eg.: 怪不得你头痛,你昨晚喝太多了；No wonder youve got a headache, the amount you drank last night. 5. it s a wonder that 令人诧异的是eg.: 竟然没有人受伤,真是奇迹；It s a wonder no

44、one got hurt. 学习必备欢迎下载35. There was a time when曾经有一段时间此句结构为： when 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词eg: 曾经有一段时间我很简单愤怒；There was a time when I became angry easily. 曾经有一段时间我们幸福地生活在一起；There was a time we lived happily together. a time, when 是关系副词,在从句中作时间状语；36. It/This/That +is/was +the first /last time that +sb + 现在完成时 /过去

45、完成时表示：这是某人第一次做 eg.: 这是我第一次看到这里；This/It is the first time that I have seen here. 这是我其次次吃汉堡；This is the second time that I have eaten hamburgers. 这是他第三次被警告有危急了；It was the third time that he had been warned of the danger. 37. settle vi.定居； vt. 使定居、解决settle down 定居下来settle down to （doing）sth 安心做某事settle

46、r n. 移民eg.: 现在你该解决同你父亲之间的分歧了；It s time for you to settle your differences with your father.他们把当地人迁移到别处定居；They moved the local people and settled them in another place. 学习必备 欢迎下载毫无疑问这是解决问题的正确方式；There is no doubt that it is the best way to settle the problem. 他们开头仔细争论问题；They settled down to a serious

47、discussion. 38. suffer vi.遭受、患病； vt.遭受、忍耐suffer from 受 的磨练、患 病suffer pain/hardship/punishment 遭受痛楚 /艰巨 /惩处sufferer n. 受苦难者、患病者suffering n. 肉体或者精神上的 痛楚、苦难eg.: 她遭受孤独的磨练,但在那里她必需学会喜爱它；She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. 他的腿受伤了,疼痛难忍；His leg was broken and he suffered grea

48、t pain. 人们极其痛楚；The suffering of the people was extreme. 39. recover vi & vt. 复原recover from 从 中复原recovery n. 复原eg.: 在这么脏的房间里,琳达怎么能从疾病中复原过来呢？How could Linda recover from her illness in this dirty room. 从一场重感冒中复原过来花了他很长时间；It took a long time for her to recover from a bad cold. It took her a long time

49、to recover from a bad cold. 学习必备 欢迎下载她突然什么都看不见了,但是很快就复原了视力；She couldnt see anything suddenly but she quickly recovered her sight.医生们确信他会完全康复；The doctors are confident hell make a full recovery.40. get/be tired of 对 厌烦get/be tired of 对 感到厌倦get/be tired from 因 感到疲乏tire sb out 使某人感到筋疲力尽eg.: 我已经厌倦了透过脏兮兮

50、的窗帘和布满灰尘的窗户看大自然了；I ve got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.读书常常使我疲惫,有时筋疲力尽,但我不厌恶读书；I am often tired from reading and sometimes I am tired out, but I am not tired of it. 41. have trouble with 和某人有冲突；在某事上有麻烦have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth. 做某事有困难have troubl

51、e/difficulty/problems in doing sth. 做某事有困难eg.: 现在我跟班上同学有些冲突；I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. 我通常知道我想说什么,但是用语言表达出来却有困难；I often know what to say but have trouble in expressing it in words. 让我说服她让步极其困难；I had the greatest difficulty in persuading her to give in. 我们毫不费劲就找到了那个房子；We had no difficulty in finding the house. 学习必备 欢迎下载42. get along