大学英语教案 Unit46

1、Unit 6 Section AI. HYPERLINK Background Information.doc Background Knowledge Chrysler Corporation The Chrysler Corporation, founded in 1924, used to be one of the three largest American automobile manufacturers whose brands include both passenger and commercial vehicles such as Chrysler, Jeep and Do

2、dge. The other two largest American automobile manufacturers are General Motors and Ford. In addition to auto making, Chrysler is also engaged in financial services, providing loan services (mostly) to car buyers. In 1998 it merged with Daimler-Benz AG (of Germany) (best known for its Mercedes-Benz

3、brand name) to become part of the DaimlerChrysler Corporation, which is jointly owned by European, U.S. and other international investors. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) A U.S. government agency, whose mission is to protect investors and maintain the integrity of the securities market

4、s. The Commission was set up by the U.S. Congress in 1933 in response to “Black Monday”, the Great Stock Market Crash of 1929. Its purpose was to restore investor confidence in the U.S. capital markets by providing more structure and government oversight. It is based on the concept that all investor

5、s, whether large institutions or private individuals, should have access to certain basic facts about an investment prior to buying it. To achieve this, the SEC requires public companies to disclose meaningful financial and other information to the public, which provides a common pool of knowledge f

6、or all investors to use to judge for themselves if a companys securities are a good investment. It is believed that only through the steady flow of timely, comprehensive and accurate information can people make sound investment decisions. At present the SEC is comprised of five presidentially-appoin

7、ted Commissioners, four Divisions and 18 Offices, with a total of about 3,100 staff. The International Chamber of Commerce The aim of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), founded in 1919, is to serve world business by promoting trade and investment, open markets for goods and services, and t

8、he free flow of capital. Its activities cover a broad spectrum, from arbitration and dispute resolution to making the case for open trade and the market economy system, business self-regulation, fighting corruption or combating commercial crime. The ICC is made of a World Council (its governing body

9、) and individual national committees and groups. Individual companies, corporations, professional associations as well as individuals can also join the ICC as individual members. II. HYPERLINK Text Analysis.doc Text Analysis The passage is broadly put into three parts: bribery has become a common oc

10、currence in many countries, three main categories of bribery, and the efforts to ban bribery and the result. The whole passage is organized in problem-solution pattern. In the first part, the phenomenon (the problem) is described; in the second, the questionable payments are analyzed; and in the thi

11、rd, the efforts for solution and the result are presented. The illustration of the problem (Paras. 1-4) The analysis of the problem (Paras. 5-8) The solution of the problem (Paras. 9-11) 1 The first part consists of 4 paragraphs, from Paragraph 1 to Paragraph 4,concentrating on the point of view tha

12、t bribery is a common occurrence in many countries, The author presents his viewpoint in Paragraph 1 that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries and in some countries, it has been a way of life for centuries. The author continues to support his viewpoint from Paragraph 2 to Pa

13、ragraph 4.paragraph 2 establishes a supposition with an example: What if during a negation the other side asks for a bribe? Do you pay up or stand by your principles? Paragraph 3 answers the question in Paragraph 2 with an example showing that sticking to high moral standards is easier said than don

14、e. In a very competitive business if we didnt bribe to keep our buyers happy, someone else would. Then the author comes to a conclusion with an example: bribery is on the increase and has become a fact of commercial life. The last sentence of Paragraph 4 is a transitional sentence which tells that i

15、n the following part the author is to present us three categories of questionable payments or bribes. 2 The second part from Paragraph 5 to Paragraph 8, 4 Paragraphs in all, focuses on the three categories of bribery. In this part there are a lot of examples to support the authors points. In Paragra

16、ph 5 and 6, the author presents the first category of bribery ; substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts. Paragraph 7 deals with the second category of bribery: payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some projects, to speed up the wheels of governme

17、nt. paragraph 8 is about the third category of bribery ; payments made to people who help with the passage of a business deal. 3 the third part is made up of the last 3 paragraphs, from paragraph 9 to paragraph 11,which are about the efforts to prohibit bribery .paragraph 9 is about the effects by t

18、he international Chamber of Commerce(ICC) to set up a code of conduct that would ban the giving and seeking of bribes. And a council has been proposed to manage the code. paragraph 10 tells us that the council has met difficults in carrying out the code as opinions differ among members of the ICC co

19、ncerning how to enforce the code. paragraph 11 quoted from a famous British newspaper that business is caught in a web of bribery. It is hard to square the business interests with moral conscience. The last paragraph also implies a conclusion for the whole reading passage; bribery seems inevitable.I

20、II. HYPERLINK Language Points.doc Language Points 1. on the increase (become more frequent or greater in number or intensity) 在增长中Eg; that bribery in various forms is on the increase (L. 3) 形形色色的贿赂行为正日益增多 Drug smuggling was on the increase, 毒品走私一直在增长。Ones strength of character is not necessarily on

21、the increase along with the growth of his age. 一个人的骨气不一定会随着年龄的增长而增长。2. to make it clear to sb. that （say clearly to sb that）明确向某人表示；明确告知某人Eg; the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe,(L. 6) 贸易部长向你明确表示如果能给他一大笔贿赂。Mother makes it clear to me that I cant play

22、 if I dont finish my homework妈妈向我明确表示如不做完作业我是不能玩的。The immense influence of IT on our society makes it clear that we are living in the Information Age.信息技术对社会的巨大影响表明我们正生活在信息时代。3. to stand by ones principles (L. 8) 坚持原则 stand bystill believe or agree with sth said ,decided or agreed earlierShe still s

23、tands by every word she said她仍然信守自己所说的每一句话It brings one trust and respect from others to practice honesty and stand by his promises.为人诚实、信守诺言会赢得别人的信任与尊重 2）help sb. or be friends with them, even in difficult situations I wouldnt break a law for a friend, but I would stand by her if need be 我不会为了朋友犯法，

24、但如果需要的话，我会支持她的 3）Be present while sth bad is happening but not do anything to stop it How can you stand by and see him robbing the old man? 看着他抢劫那个老人，你怎能袖手旁观？ 4）be ready for action The troops are standing by. 部队正严阵以待。4. to have high moral standards (L. 9) 有高尚的道德标准 It is easy to talk about having hig

25、h moral atandards but ,in practice,What would one really do in such a situation? 高尚的道德标准说起来容易，但实际上人们在这种情况下究竟会怎样做呢 The college life should be centered around raising students academic and moral standards.大学生活应以提高学生的学术和道德水平为中心。5. in private（with nobody else present,secretly） 私下里；秘密地；在私生活里； 在家里in Brita

26、in who were prepared to say in private(L. 15)在英国有人私下里说。A home is a place for relaxing in private.家是私下放松的地方He is a gentleman of refinement in public but a man of easy virtue in private.在公开场合他是个彬彬有礼的绅士，但在私下里却是个放荡不羁的人。 反意词 in public 类似的短语 in practice etc.(para3)6. 为方便讨论起见 / 为了政治目的for discussion / polit

27、ical purposes (L. 30 / 32)一个社会再自由开放也决不容许一些人为了险恶目的而胡作非为。A society, no matter how free and open it is, never allows some people to commit all kinds of outrages for evil purposes.7. 正在调查中under investigation (L. 34)正在对911袭击前后的情报工作进行全面的司法调查。A full-scale judicial investigation is under way into the intell

28、igence work around the 11 September attack.8. 因可能触犯商业法规for possible violations of business laws (L. 35)微软公司被指控违反反垄断法。The Microsoft Corporation was charged with violations of anti-monopoly laws.9. 资助某人做某事to finance sb.s efforts to do sth. (L. 36)他们正同心协力去创造航天技术的新奇迹。They are combining their efforts to

29、work new wonders in space technology.10. 得到主要建筑合同to secure major construction contracts (L. 38)“吃一堑,长一智”的格言就是提醒你防止犯同样的错误。The proverb “ a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit” reminds you to secure yourself from a repetition of the same mistakes.11. 给 施加压力 / 过分强调to put pressure / undue stress on . (

30、L. 41)过分强调书本知识会削弱学生创造性思维的热情。Putting undue stress on book knowledge will weaken students enthusiasm for creative thinking.12. 向某人捐款汇款to make donations / payments to sb. (L. 42)我们的钱应捐给那些受贫穷所困却很有天赋的孩子们。Our donations should be made to those (who are) stuck in poverty but endowed with talents.13. 加快的速度 t

31、o speed up the wheels / progress of (L. 44)加快教育改革速度的关键是更新教育理念。The key to speeding up the wheels of educational reform is to renew conceptions of education. 14. 想出了办法to hit upon / on the answer / solution (L. 47)他突发奇想：裸跑能使他成为公众关注的焦点。He hit upon a strange idea that he could become the focus of the pub

32、lic attention by running in the nude.15. 暗中将某物塞入to slip sth. into / within (L. 47)上课的时候，她悄悄塞到他手里一张纸条，上面写着：“老地方见，不见不散。”While in class, she slipped into his hand a piece of paper on which she wrote, “Lets meet at the same old place and not leave without seeing each other.” 16. 属于此类to be included on th

33、is list (L. 55)你要么划为清官,要么划为贪官。没有中间地带。You are either included on the list of the honest officials or on the list of the corrupt officials. There is no middle point.17. 设计一套法规to devise a code of rules (L. 56)社会道德准则是根据一个社会对于正确与错误行为所持的观念制定的。A code of social morality is established in accordance with the

34、 notions of right and wrong conduct held by a society. 18. 禁止各种类型的贿赂to prohibit bribery in various forms / in all its forms (L. 3 / 56)我们的当务之急是如何防止各种类型的智能犯罪。The most pressing for us now is how to prevent intellectual crime in all its forms.19. 达到; 等于; 实际上是to amount to (L. 59)如果一位女士对你说：“再说吧。”，那就等于拒绝了

35、你。If a lady says to you, “ Lets talk about it later.” , that amounts to her refusal.20. 既确保自己的利益，又无愧道德良心to square ones interests with his moral conscience (L. 68)为人不做亏心事，夜半敲门心不惊。One who always squares his acts with his moral conscience never fears midnight knocks at his door.原句: Students taking busi

36、ness courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that classes on business ethics have been included in their schedule. (L. 1)IV. HYPERLINK Writing.doc Writing Bribery is a common occurrence in many countries. The phenomenon is introduced by “classes on business ethics”, and exemplified by two e

37、xamples: a British car manufacturer and the Chrysler Corporation.Questionable payments can be divided into three categories: 1. Those for political purposes or to secure major contracts; 2. Those for obtaining quicker official approval of some project; 3. Those for help with the passage of a busines

38、s deal. ICC is to set up a code of conduct that would ban the giving and seeking of bribes. And a council has been proposed to manage the code. However, opinions differ among the members of ICC. Bribery seems inevitable. Devices for developing it?Bribery and other questionable payments are on the in

39、crease in many countries. They seem to be based not on lack of business ethics but on business interests. Exemplification (举例法)Exemplification is employed in the third and the forth paragraph to make the authors viewpoint convincing. The authors viewpoint in Para. 3: Sticking to high moral standards

40、 is easier said than done. The example in support: A British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to pay bribes and of other questionable practices; People in the motor industry held that if they didnt bribe to keep the buyers happy, someone else would. The authors viewpoint in Para. 4:

41、Bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. The examples in support: The Chrysler Corporation revealed that it made questionable payments of more than $2.5 million between 1971 and 1976.Three hundred other U.S. companies had admitted that they had made payments of one kind or anothe

42、r in recent years. Listing (列举法)Main idea?Devices for developing it?The questionable payments are divided into three categories: payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts; to obtain quicker official approval; and made to people who help with the passage of a business deal. Li

43、sting is employed in this part to list three categories of questionable payments.Para. 5 The first category consists of Para. 7 The second category covers Para. 8 The third category involves Deduction (演绎法)Main idea?Devices for developing it?To ban bribery, a code of conduct is favored by ICC, and e

44、ven a council was proposed to manage it. But, its members are of different opinions. Anyway, bribery seems inevitable. In this part, deduction is employed to show that members of ICC have different ideas as to the enforcement of the code. General statement: Unfortunately, opinions differ among membe

45、rs of the ICC concerning how to enforce the code. (L. 61)Specific descriptions: The British members would like the system to have enough legal power to make companies behave themselves. However, the French delegates think it is the business of governments to make and impose law. Example writing Norm

46、ally there are three kinds of people who choose to live alone on purpose. The first group of people is artists. They believe in the inspiration in solitude. One of my friends is a writer. He enjoys the time when he is alone. He can stay up late to read and, above all., concentrate on his writing wit

47、hout fear of being interrupted by others. On his wall he posts a quotation from Thoreau; “I never found the companion that was companionable as solitude.”The second group of people is hunters, who prefer to live by themselves. Hunters are afraid that too many people will frighten away their prey. Th

48、e third group consists of people who are disappointed from their marriage or family life. Once the newspaper reported a story about a woman who has been living alone since her husband left her five years ago for some better economic opportunities. She is not waiting for his return but she is just di

49、sappointed in life.Section BI. HYPERLINK Reading Skills.doc Reading Skills Reading between the lines means drawing inferences about the authors meanings, ideas, purposes, intentions or conclusions. Making inferences relies on the context clues, logical thinking, common sense and sometimes our knowle

50、dge of the world and on what is written or what is not written. Reading Skills: Reading Between the Lines (Review)Here are some more examples from passage A, Unit 6. Please read the paragraphs and answer the questions that follow, trying to find out the meaning implied between the lines.Example 1: S

51、tudents taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that classes on business ethics have been included in their schedule. They often do not realize that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries and, in some, has been a way of life for centuries. (Para. 1, Pa

52、ssage A, Unit 6)Question: What can account for the students surprise when finding that classes on business ethics have been included in their schedule? Possible answer: The students are innocent and inexperienced and they dont expect bribery and similar activities to be common in business. Reading S

53、kills: Reading Between the Lines (Review)Example 2: It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation? Some time ago a British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to pay bribes, and of other questionable practices such as

54、 paying agents and purchasers an exaggerated commission, offering additional discounts, and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. (to be continued)。The company rejected these charges and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at that time, there were people in the motor industr

55、y in Britain who were prepared to say in private: “Look, were in a very competitive business. Every year were selling more than a $ 1,000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million pounds to keep some of the buyers happy, whos hurt? If we didnt do it, someone else would.” (Para. 3, Pass

56、age A, Unit 6)Question: What is implied in Paragraph 3, Reading passage A? Possible answer: In a highly competitive business world, keeping high moral standards is something easier said than done, bribery is inevitable. Reading Skills: Reading Between the Lines (Review)Example 3: In a well-known Bri

57、tish newspaper, a writer argued recently that “industry is caught in a web of bribery” and that everyone is “on the take.” This is probably an exaggeration. However, todays businessman, selling in overseas markets, will frequently meet situations where it is difficult to square his business interest

58、s with his moral conscience. ( Para. 11, Passage A, Unit 6 ) Question: What does “business interests” imply? Possible answer: “Business interests” here implies making profits.II. HYPERLINK Text Analysis(B).doc Text Analysis Part 1 (para 1-3) topic introduction by the journalists experience on the pr

59、actice range to put forward the point of the passage; whether more police should be armed with guns Part 2 (para 4-13) by examples to show to the audiences what measures should be taken. Part 3 (para 14-15) The biggest threat is the increase in the tasks we expect the police to carry out.III. HYPERL

60、INK Language Points(B).doc Language Points1 The biggest thread to the role of police officers threat to (Sb/sth) 对构成了威胁。eg 他不害怕，因为你对他不构成威胁。 He is not afraid because you represent no threat to him.一些人认为机器是对他们工作的一种威胁。Some people think that machinery is a threat to their jobs.2. .on the practice rangea