江苏专转本英语语语法考前串讲

1、江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【1】倍数表示法a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多Twice as much as b. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length) of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。c. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.

2、今年粮食产量增加了4倍。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【2】 would rather do.than do可理解为“宁愿也不”。例如： He would rather resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.他宁可辞职也不干这种不正当的勾当。 would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿,还是 引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。 例 John wants to see me today. I wo

3、uld rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来) 2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【3】no sooner.than”、“hardly.when”和“scarcely. before” 以上三个句型的意思是“一就”。应当注意的是，在以上句型中，句子的前半部分一般用过去完成时，而后半部则用一般过去时。该句型通常采用倒装语序。例如： No sooner had I opened the cage than the little bird flew out. =Scarce

4、ly (Hardly) had I opened the cage before (when) the little bird flew out. 我一开笼小鸟就飞出去了。 2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【4】 anything but”、“nothing but”和 “all but” 英语中，“anything but”=never, “nothing but”=only, “all but”=almost, nearly。例如：He is anything but a scientist.他决不是科学家。I am nothing but a student.我不过是个学生。He is

5、 all but a fool.他几乎是个傻瓜。 2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【5】“superior to”、“inferior to”、“senior to” 和“junior to” 以上几个形容词表示比较时后面用“to”不用“than” superior to”意思是优于，高于； “inferior to”意思是次于 ；“senior to ”意思是年长于，地位高于；“junior to”意思是年幼于，地位低于，迟于。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【6】不定式用法作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：My work is to clean the room eve

6、ry day.作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：I have a lot of work to do. 作状语 to only to (却), in order to, so as to, (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【7】先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.先行

7、词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【8】Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A.

8、it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【9】“of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D.

9、to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which 2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【10】as/which 引导非限定性定语从句（1）关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。As we all know, the earth is round. She has been late again, as was expected.（2）如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用wh

10、ich作主语。 Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.（3）当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。Such books as you tell me are interesting.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【11】分词的否定式not + 分词Not having received his letter, he decidedto call him.Not knowing his address, she cannot getin touch with him.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【12】分词作作宾语

11、补足语分词作宾语补足语，要看分词与宾语的关系。若为主动关系，则用现在分词；若为被动关系，则用过去分词。When I went into the classroom, I saw all the classmates writing composition according to what the teacher said.He had his leg injured in the basketball match yesterday.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲【13】 现在分词作状语时，它逻辑上的主语必须与句子的主语一致。Walking through the park, the f

12、lowers looked very beautiful.（wrong）Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers.（right）Standing on the tower , the whole village could be seen. (wrong)Standing on the tower, we could see the whole village. (right)Seen from the tower, the village looks very beautiful.Compared with the business

13、card, the electronic dictionary is a little bigger. 2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲14主语从句引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等.主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略. whether可以引导主语从句,但if不能. whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能.如

14、:1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲15whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 但: (1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. 例: I dont know whether I will stay or not.

15、 (2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. 例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲16表语从句The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.不要使用 The reason is because that 句型,应使用

16、The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多. 误: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 或:He was late this morning. That

17、was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲17同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词 idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, order, suggestion, proof, message, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词 that ; 1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea t

18、hat they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲18whether与if均为“是否”但下列情况下只用whether ： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 Whether he will come is not clear. 2. whether引导表语从句The question is whether hell come. 3. whet

19、her从句作介词宾语 Im not sure about whether well win.4. 从句后紧跟“or not”或 “to” Whether you like it or not, you ll have to do it. 2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲19If I + V-ed, I would .结构If过去式动词，主词过去式助动词（wouldshould 等）原形动词说明这是与现在事实相反的假设句型。if 中的，不论为第几人称，一律用 were，were 可置于主词前面，而省略 if。 If I knew his address, I could write to hi

20、m. 如果我知道他的住址，我会写信给他。 If I were free now, I might call on him. 如果我有时间，我可能会去看他。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲20If I had V-ed, I would have .结构Ifhad过去分词，主词wouldshould 等have过去分词说明这是与过去事实相反的假设。 If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我当时看见他，我会告诉他实情。 I could have finished the task if I had had more time.

21、如果当时我能有多一点时间，我就能完成这项任务。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲21If I had V-ed, I would .结构Ifhad过去分词，主词wouldshould 等原形动词nowtoday说明这是不一致时的假设，亦称混合假设条件句。 If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲22If I should ., I would.结构Ifshould，wouldshould等原形动词说明这是表示与未来事实相反的假设，if

22、要用 should，译成“万一”。 If he should come, I would tell him the truth. 万一他来，我会把真相告诉他。If it should rain, our plan would be spoiled. 万一下雨，我们的计划就泡汤了。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲23If I were to ., I .结构Ifwere to，wouldshould 等原形动词说明这也是表示与未来状况相反的假设，与“if . should, .”大致相同，但“if . were to”所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示“与真理相反”的。 If the sun w

23、ere to rise in the west, he would pass the exam.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲24If it were not for .结构if it were not for名词子句，主词wouldshould 等原形动词But for your advice, I should have failed. 要不是你的忠告，我会失败的。Were it not for his help, I could not finish the work.若非有他的帮助，我就不能完成这件工作2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲25If it had not been fo

24、r .结构if it had not been for名词子句，主词wouldshould 等原形动词说明此句型意为“若非（有）”。此类句构专门用于表示与过去事实相反的。 If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果没有他的帮忙，我应该已经失败。Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains. 要不是这位好心的向导，我可能就在山中迷路了。 2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲26demand/insist that .结构主词

25、1意志动词（demandinsist 等）（that）主词2（should）原形动词说明意志有四类：建议（suggest， mend，propose，advise，urge 等），要求（desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等），命令（order，command 等），规定（ rule，regulate，stipulate 等）。其后接 that-时，该里的要用原形或“should”。美式英语通常省略 should。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲27It is proper . that .该句型表示“当然、应该、必要、适当”

26、之意 结构It is意志形容词（important 等）（that）主词（should）原形动词说明意志包括 important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable， advisable， mendable，proper 等。that-中只能用 should，不可用 must，而 should 往往予以省略 2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲28If only + V-ed结构If only过去式过去完成式说明此句型意为“要是就好了。”用过去式，表示与现在事实相反；若用，则表示与过去事实相反。 If only I had a rich

27、 father. 要是我有个有钱的爸爸就好了。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲29虚拟语气在it is time that句型中的应用该句型表示早该做而未做的事情。其表达形式为：It is time + (that)+（从句）主语 + were或过去式动词It is about timeIt is high time -I think its time (that) they stopped this practice.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲30虚拟语气用在would rather (sooner)后的that从句该句型表示希望或婉转的责备。 -I would rather th

28、ey came tomorrow. -I could go myself but I would sooner you went.（我自己也能去，但我宁愿你去。）2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲31过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 典型例题 1) The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

29、 A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 2）Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲32分词作状语As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.- Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。 If

30、more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.- Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲33选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I fin

31、d it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲34分词作补语通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如： I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。 Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲35分词作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking一般说来talking of (speaking of) 说道 strictly speaking 严格的说judging from 从判断 all things conside

32、red 从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲36分词作时间状语如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。Having finished his homework, he went out. =As he had finished his homework, he went out.典型例题_ a reply, he

33、decided to write again. A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.分词的语态2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲37独立主格结构1）独立主格结

34、构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。This done, we went home.工作完成后，我们才回家。2011江苏专转本英语语法

35、考前串讲38With的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 典型例题The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲

36、39不定式的否定形式The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式， warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth. 该题应该用结构另外，not 应放在to之前。2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲40不定式的时态I would love _ to the party last night but I had to wor

37、k extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have goneRobert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to studyC. to be study D. to have been studying2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲41过去分词作状语_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

38、A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语 2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A. Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲42过去分词作定语The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played

39、 C. first playing D. to be first playing过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲43ing 形式在句子中作状语的用法European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the w

40、orld. A. making B. makes C. made D. to makeMaking it the popular sport in the world为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如： His parents died, leaving him an orphan. He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed2011江苏专转本英语语法考前串讲44过去分词作补语The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。The plan 与carry out 的关系是被动关系。See sth.done 这结构常见的还有watch(notice, observe,have 和m