高考英语写作专题复习指导课件

1、高考英语写作 宜春一中 甘益安高考专题复习一一，高考英语书面表达阅卷有感 考生需要考虑表达时必须用到的词汇和句子结构。有时材料看似简单，笔者在阅卷中发现，考生在运用词汇和句子表达上存在许多问题，从而影响了文章的整体质量。(括号中为正确的表达方式)1。单词拼写错误单词拼写错误率极高，许多考生甚至出现很低级的错误。比如: litter (little), perfer (prefer), intresting (interesting), famlies (families), chioce (choice), ourself (ourselves), stroy (story), agaist

2、(against)等。2。词语搭配不当或用词不准确考生对常用短语、表达法掌握不够，出现不当搭配。比如: look book (read the book), look the film (see the film), Many people cost much money (spend much money), prefer to seeing the film (prefer to see the film), spend us a short time (takes us a short time), after read the book (after reading the book)

3、, write skill (writing skill) 等。3。画蛇添足有些考生在全文结束时画蛇添足,加上一句错误的问句，让人大倒胃口。比如: Are you agree?/ So what do you choice?4。汉语式英语在书面表达中所体现的中文式思维是极为普遍的现象。如：Seeing the film will save much time./ Seeing films are convenient./ Reading books in the original can bring people wonderful experiences.5) 交白卷或抄与题材无关的段落经抽

4、样发现，0分试卷约占3.9% 左右，这些得0分的考生中，有的是只字未写，有的是虽有所写却未能传达给读者任何信息，而有的则是挑选阅读材料中的其中一段抄下来。6）书写潦草在阅卷中发现，有相当一部分考生的作文卷面不清，书写潦草，影响信息的传递。评分原则中有一条表明：若书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。7）语言平乏，词汇档次欠高不少考生大脑记忆库词汇量储存不够，难以灵活运用语言，导致语言平乏，同一种表达重复较多。8）文章缺乏连贯性有些考生在词汇的运用和内容的表达上都基本达到要求，但由于句与句，段与段之间没有添加恰当的连接成分，使句子之间和段落之间缺乏必要的过渡和衔接，影响了表达的效果。8)

5、死背范文部分考生死背范文，表达不灵活。例如，有些考生不管所给首句，文不对题地顾自另起一句：“Im writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether”总的来说扣分原因在：1。与内容无关。2。句子构架搭不起来，意思出不来。如：He went family.3。行文不连贯。如：人称使用前后矛盾，词频度过高，不会用连接词语等。4。缺少谓语动词。如：He very happy very much.5。拼写错误，行文潦草，无法看清、看懂。 6。语言不得体：不看对象，不看场景，用语不当。7。标点混乱；人称代词及时态、

6、语态乱用。8。内容要点不全，缺项，整体结构不完整。9。文段多于或少于规定的字数。10。格式不规范，如书信体中漏缺开首词和结尾语等。得分条件1。行文连贯流畅人称、时间、地点、情节交待有层次。2。恰当使用连接词语。如：and/or/but/so/not onlybut also/however/besides/otherwise/ like/in the same way/unless/in case/as long as/on one hand, on the other hand等词或短语。3。语句简明扼要，无或少词语重复。4。行文整洁，字体规范，会增加好印象。5。尽量写出与题目有关的词语。二

7、，写作文四步Step1：确定文体常用文体有记叙文、说明文，还有应用文如书信等。近几年的高考书面表达多以应用文为主，提供的形式多以图画、提纲、表格出现，书写的格式大都是书信、通知。所以，考生还应该掌握信的称呼、开头、正文、结尾、签名等方面，另外，口头通知和书面通知的不同要清楚。总之，考生应根据写作提示分析材料，确定文体，闯过第一关。Step2：确定时态和人称 要根据选好的文体和写作内容确定时态。一般来说，记人叙事多用一般过去时；发布通知多用一般将来时和祈使句式；发表议论大多用带有情态动词的一般现在时；人物介绍、现状说明常用一般现在时和现在完成时。定准时态后接下来一定要知道各时态的构成及用法要点，

8、但要记住，写作时时态并不惟一，要依据表达内容而选定。Step3：确定所需主要词汇和所用表达结构在以上“两确定”的基础上，应该根据文章体裁和内容逐个地确定写作要点。对于图画和图表可在草稿纸上用中文列出。理清要点，然后选词造句，对列出的要点逐一翻译。这时要注意力求语言准确得当。平时写作要多进行发散思维，如是用very sorry还是terribly sorry；是surprised还是aston-ished。同时考生应学会尽可能使用较高级的语法结构和词汇，如非谓语动词、复合句等。最大限度地完美文章。Step4：整理成篇 行文连贯接下来要根据内容分清文章的层次，确定详略，将写好的单句要重新排列组合起

9、来，使之前后连贯成一篇完整的文章。同时选用恰当的关联词使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。另外，根据内容编排，该分段时要分段，使表达清楚，一目了然。行云流水，整齐划一，闯过写作第四关。( 三，英文作文必背之35个句型一、the + est +名词+ (that) +主词+ have +ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc)the most +形容词+名词+ (that) +主词+ have +ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc)例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have

10、ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。二、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。三、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much.(再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。)例句：We can

11、not emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。四、There is no denying that + S + V .(不可否认的.)例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。五、It is universally acknowledged that +句子 (全世界都知道.)例句：It is universally

12、 acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.六、There is no doubt that +句子 (毫无疑问的.)There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。七、An advantage of is that +句子(.的优点是.)例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pol

13、lution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。八、The reason why +句子 is that +句子(.的原因是.)例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide uswith fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they cansupply fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 九、So +形容词+ be +主词+ that +句子(如此.以致于.)So precious i

14、s time that we cant afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V (虽然.)例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不十一、The + er + S + V, the + er + S + V The + more + Adj + S + V, the + more+

15、 Adj + S + V(愈.愈.) The harder you work, the more progress you make. The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。 十二、By +Ving, can (借着.，.能够.)例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。十三、 enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (.使.能够.) 例句：Listening to music enable

16、us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。十四、On no account can we+ V (我们绝对不能.) 例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 十五、It is time + S +过去式(该是.的时候了) 例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps tosolve the traffic problems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。十六、Those who (.

17、的人.) 例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。十七、There is no one but (没有人不.) 例句：There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。 十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不.) 例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing spor

18、ts. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。十九、It is conceivable that +句子(可想而知的) It is obvious that +句子(明显的) It is apparent that +句子(显然的) 例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。二十、That is the reason why (那就是.的原因) 例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I dont

19、 like it. 夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 二十一、For the past+时间，S +现在完成式.(过去.年来，.一直.) 例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。二十二、Since + S +过去式，S +现在完成式。例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked veryhard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。二十三、It pays to + V (.是值得的。) 例句：It

20、 pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。 二十四、be based on (以.为基础) 例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的) 例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。二十六、bring home to +人+事(让.明白.事) 例句：We should bring home to people th

21、e valueof working hard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。 二十七、be closely related to (与.息息相关) 例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health. 做运动与健康息息相关。二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V (养成.的习惯) We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/V

22、ing, (因为.) 例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。 三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么.！) 例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing it is to keep our promise! 遵守诺言是多么重要的事！三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)例

23、句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意。三十二、Have a great influence on (对.有很大的影响) 例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。 三十三、do good to (对.有益)，do harm to (对.有害) 例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。三十四、

24、Pose a great threat to (对.造成一大威胁) 例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。三十五、do ones utmost to + V = do ones best (尽全力去.) 例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。 三十三、do good to (对.有益)，do harm to (对.有害) 例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对

25、心灵有益。Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。三十四、Pose a great threat to (对.造成一大威胁) 例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。三十五、do ones utmost to + V = do ones best (尽全力去.) 例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。 三十三、do good to (对.有益)，do har

26、m to (对.有害) 例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。三十四、Pose a great threat to (对.造成一大威胁) 例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。三十五、do ones utmost to + V = do ones best (尽全力去.) 例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life

27、. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。 四，连接词的分类和运用连接词的分类和运用连接词是指在文章中用来说明上下句或前后两个意思之间关系的词或词组。连接词通常用于开篇，引出扩展句；也可用于句中，尤其是用于较长的复合句中，以作为上下文的连接纽带；还可以置于文末或段末，用于总结上文或结束本段落的内容。1、表示平行、对等或选择关系：and, bothand, as well as, as well, neithernor, or eitheror,not onlybut also等He loved swimming when he was a small boy and at eight he bec

28、ame a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province. (NMET 1991范文） I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001范文）2.表示转折关系的连接词语有：but, yet, while, however, on the contrary, on the other hand, in spite of, neve

29、rtheless, although, otherwise 等On the other hand, 40% think that fee should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers. (NMET 2002范文)While they were working, my sister walked to a river nearby. (NMET范文)3.表示因果关系的连接词：for, so, therefore, as a result, because of, due to, owing

30、to, thanks to, on account of等He stopped us about half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender. So come on, stand here. (NMET 1997范文)He didnt work hard, as a result, he failed in the exam.4.表示时间顺序的连接词：at first, first, second, then, next, later, meanwhile, in the end, finally, after that, sinc

31、e then, for the first time, at last, eventually, as soon as, the next moment，shortly after, for one thing, for another thing 等After that I went to No.6 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer. .(NMET1996范文)The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road.(NMET2000范文)5.表示空

32、间顺序的连接词：on the right, to the left, on one side of, on the other side of. At the foottopend of, in the middlecenter of,等On one side of the road there is a new classroom building. On the other side, where the playground used to be now, stands another new buildingour library.(NMET1999范文)In it there are

33、 all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. (NMET99范文)6.表示解释说明的连接词：that is (to say), in other words, such as, for exampleinstance, namely, actually, to tell you the truth according to this ,and so on 等 I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lesso

34、ns.(NMET2001范文）In other words , I love my hometown and the people there.7.表递进关系的连接词：whats moreworsebetter, besides, in addition, worse still, to make things worse, moreover, furthermore, above all, not only but alsobecome necessary to build Whats more , it will gates and walls (NMET2002范文)In the eve

35、nings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. Whats more ,I can go to bed earlier.(NMET2001范文)In addition to meeting the need of markets at home, its products are shipped to many countries.8.表示总结的连接词：in short, in brief, in a word, in general, as you know, as far as I know ,on the whole, to sum up

36、等In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce the learning load.(NMET2001范文)In a word, great changes have taken place in our village.连接词在文章中起着重要作用，千万不可忽视！ 五，写作中怎样使用复杂结构和高级词汇一.复杂结构: 1.使用适当的时态 2.适当的语态3.使用不定式 4.使用过去分词5.使用V.+ing形式 6.使用名词性从句 7.使用状语从句 8.使用定语从句9.使用虚拟语气10.使用

37、强调句,倒装句,感叹句 11.使用并列句 一）、怎样运用复杂结构：1. 改变时态The bell is ringing now. (一般)2. 改变语态People suggest that the conference be put off. (一般)There goes the bell. (高级)It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高级)3. 使用不定式4. 使用过去分词He is so kind that he can help me. (一般)He is so kind as to help me. (高级)She wal

38、ked out of the room and many students followed her. (一般)Followed by many students, she . (高级)Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten . (一般)Once seen, it can . (高级)5. 使用v-ing形式When he arrives please give me an e-mail. (一般)If the weather permits, Ill come tomorrow. (一般)On his arriving/ arrival, ple

39、ase give. (高级)Weather permitting, Ill come tomorrow. (高级)Now our school has three teachers. They teach 48 pupils. (一般)Now our School has three teachers, teaching 48 pupils. (高级)It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up. (一般)I happened to have met him. (一般)6. 使用名词性从句The fact that he didnt turn

40、up disappointed everybody. (高级)It happened that I had met him. (高级)To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. (一般)What surprised him is that the girl. (高级)7. 使用状语从句I wont believe what he says. (一般)If you come back before six oclock, you can go out. (一般)The meal was very nice. We all enjo

41、yed it very much. (一般)No matter what he says, I wont believe. (高级)You can go out on condition that you come back before. (高级)The meal was so nice that we all. (高级)8. 使用定语从句The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written. (一般)The girl whose composition was well written was spoken highl

42、y of. (高级)I studied Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer at school. (一般)The subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English. (高级)9. 使用虚拟语气The ship didnt sink because there were the efforts of the captain. (一般)I wasnt invited to the party, so I didnt attend it. (一般)I

43、f I had been invited to the party, I would have attended it. (高级)But for the efforts of the captain, the ship would have sunk. (高级)10. 使用强调句、倒装句、感叹句Regular radio broadcasts began in 1920. (一般)It was not until 1920 that regular radio. (高级)Weak as I am, Ill make the effort. (高级)Though Im weak, I will

44、make the effort. (一般)How glad we were to see the crops and.! (高级)We were glad to see the crops and vegetables growing very well. (一般)11. 使用并列句If you go through the gate, youll find the entrance to Bear Country. (一般)Go through the gate, and youll find. (高级)I got up late this morning, otherwise I coul

45、d have caught the early bus. (高级)I got up late this morning. I didnt catch the early bus. (一般)The more he spoke, the more excited he felt. (高级)When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. (一般)At the news of her death, he went. (高级)She has trouble in pronouncing the word. (高级)Whose turn is it to be

46、on duty today? (高级)When he heard she had died, he went pale with sorrow. (一般)She cant correctly pronounce the word. (一般)Who will be on duty today? (一般)怎样运用高级词汇：二）、怎样运用高级词汇：As a result, the plan was a failure. (一般)She went to Austria in order to study music. (一般)Because the weather was good, our jour

47、ney was comfortable. (一般)The plan turned out to be a failure. (高级)She went to Austria for the purpose of studying music. (高级)Thanks to the good weather, our journey. (高级)She doesnt like sports.She cares nothing for sports.We had to go home.What we had to do was go home.三）、写作常见错误分析：1. 句子缺谓语1) The bui

48、lding like a match box. 2) He told me that all my classmates sitting in the classroom. 1) A worker of the farm lead us to the field.2) All the students like books that was written by Lu Xun.2.主谓不一致，尤其是单数第三人称作主语时，谓语的单复数形式出现错误。 3.时态错误 4.词性混用 1) When he came back, he found that his wife has gone to bed

49、.2) What are you doing this time yesterday?1) She enjoys study English.2) If anyone against the plan, please let me know.5.介词误用 6.冠词误用 1) In my surprise, he has got the first prize.2) He came here to attend the meeting by a new car.3) Dont read under the sun.1) We elected Li Hua the monitor of the C

50、lass Five.2) Once upon a time, there was an one-eyed lion.3) The history is actually a very interesting subject.7.名词的数混淆 8.动词用法错误 1) It is rare to see such a nice weather in Beijing.2) There is always traffic jam.1) Where are you come from?2) When I arrived Hong Kong, my mother was there waiting for

51、 me.3) He didnt notice the teacher to come into the classroom.4) The accident was happened in 1999.9.习惯用法错误 1) The actor in this movie is very beautiful.2) I and My parents were working in the fields at that time.3) The reason is because he does not know what to do next.10. 句子之间的逻辑关系不清 误：It hit the

52、old man down but the driver, a woman, didnt stop her car. Finding she had caused an accident, the woman sped her car to flee away. The old man and I saw the cars number. Its AC864. The old man couldnt move , I decided to help him. 正：It hit the old man down but the driver, who was a woman, didnt stop

53、 her car. Finding she had caused an accident, the woman sped her car to flee away. Fortunately, I saw the cars number. Its AC864. Noticing the old man couldnt move, I decided to help him.11.画蛇添足 、过多的长句使句子复杂化（语言不简洁）修改前： A famous sportsman was giving a speech which was rather interesting.修改后：A famous

54、sportsman was giving an interesting speech.修改前 Nowadays, some people are still cutting down trees without permission. The air pollution is becoming more and more serious which is caused by buses and cars. Whats more, so many rivers are polluted by dirty water which is from factory. In addition, sand

55、storm struck us now and then, from which we suffered a lot.修改后 Nowadays, some people are still cutting down trees without permission. As a result, people have to suffer sandstorms now and then. Whats more, as buses and cars give off a lot of poisonous gases, the air is getting dirtier and dirtier. M

56、oreover, there are many rivers polluted by dirty water from factories. The situation is becoming more and more serious.修改前：As soon as came in, we heard some voice made by instruments. There were some students playing piano violin and so on .修改后： As soon as we came in, we heard a piece of beautiful m

57、usic played by the students by different instruments, such as, piano, violin and so on.12.过于简单的句子使文章缺少逻辑 性，可读性。修改前Yesterday, there was a policeman in the street. He stopped a car. The car was at the corner. It looked like a Honda. There was a boy on the sidewalk. He was riding his bicycle. The bicyc

58、le was a two-wheeler. The car nearly knocked down the boy.修改后 Yesterday, a policeman stopped a carHonda at the corner of the street, because it nearly knocked down a boy who was riding a two-wheel bicycle on the sidewalk. 修改前Suddenly, a car run quickly from the third street and turned to the west. T

59、he car didnt stop and hit the old man. The driver didnt stop and have a look. The car ran away quickly. The car was yellow and the driver was a woman.修改后Suddenly, a car turned west from the 3rd Street to the Park Road. It hit the old man, but it didnt stop and ran away quickly. I noticed the car was

60、 yellow and the driver was a woman.六，各类文体甘肃省静宁县第一中学 夏青锋应用文写作甘肃省静宁县第一中学 夏青锋书信通知 Letter （书信）信 头信内地址和姓名称呼事 由正 文结束语签名附言、附件信封正面邮票发信人姓名发信人地址收信人地址收信人姓名信封背面发信人地址发信人姓名甘肃省静宁县第一中学 夏青锋一、书信常识英文格式1.信头 （heading）2.称呼 （salution) 3.正文（body）4.结束语（complimentary close ） 5.签名（signature） 具体写法1.写信人的地址和日期，写在右上角。写地址由小到大：门牌号码