博士研究生入学考试英语试题   

1、中国农业科学院2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题(考试时间3小时满分100分).VocabularyPartA.Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketontheANSWERSHEET.1.Thesceneissobeautifulthatitmypowerofd

2、escription.A.transportsB.transfersC.transcendsD.transforms2.Theschoolmasterthegirlsbraveryinhisopeningspeech.A.applaudedB.enhancedC.elevatedD.clapped3.Themeaningof“yellow”isacolor,butitcanalsomean“cowardly.”A.positiveB.negativeC.underlyingD.literal4.Manypeoplethinkthatthestandardsofpublichavedecline

3、d.A.moralityB.rightnessC.awarenessD.mentality5.Peopleweresurprisedtofindthathehadtheabilitytoeverythinghewasinvolvedin.A.precedeB.dominateC.pervadeD.denominate6.Thefactthattheyreactedsodifferentlywasareflectionoftheirdifferent.A.performancesB.personalitiesC.qualitiesD.debut7.Thismedicinewillthepaini

4、nthestomach.A.ascertainB.agitateC.alleviateD.allocate8.Theapartmentwasas$50,000anditsownerdecidedtosellit.A.automatedB.assessedCassertedD.avenged9.Theministerallhisofficialspaythetax.A.bidsB.blessesC.barksD.baffles10.Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehiscanbedistributed.A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.

5、platitudesD.analogiesPartB.Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentencesthereisonewordorphraseunderlined.BelowthesentencearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart.MarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketontheANSWERSHEET.11.Touristsflockfrom

6、theremotestplacestoseethecapitalssights.A.invadeB.troopC.promptD.gather12.Hehastoldsomanyliesthatwecannolongerplaceanyrelianceonwhathesays.A.beliefB.trustC.convictionD.dependence.13.Oilcanchangeasocietymoredrasticallythananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.A.grosslyB.severelyC.rapidlyD.radically14.Intimesof

7、economicdifficulty,governmentalbudgetsforeducationareoftenslashedbeforeanyothers.A.shiftedB.cutC.checkedD.donated15.Modernprintingequipmentquicklyturnsoutduplicatecopiesoftextualandpictorialmatter.A.identicalB.doubleC.illustratedD.legible16.Withheryoungestchildhavinglefthome,shefeltapressingneedtofi

8、llhertime.A.tenseB.thoroughC.urgentD.small17.Theroleoftheperformingartististointerpret,notalter,thenotesonaprintedsheetofmusic.A.omitB.reproduceC.composeD.change.18.Aircraftandrocketcanbeusedtocollectradioactivedebris,whilehigh-altitudesatellitescarrydetectorsforgammaraysandotheremissions.A.diffusio

9、nB.remainsC.glittertransfer19.Althoughwornoutbyyearsofservicetohiscountry,WashingtonacceptedthepresidencyoftheUnitedStates.A.favoredB.honoredC.exhaustedD.weakened20.BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforcongenialityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentsarethebreathoflif

10、e.A.coexistenceB.coincidenceC.correlationD.compatibility.ClozeDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.ChoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketontheANSWERSHEET.Wedonotknowwhenmanfirstbegantousesalt,butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentway

11、sthroughouthistory.(21)evidenceshows,forexample,thatpeoplewholivedoverthreethousandyearsagoate(22)fish.Stealingsaltwasconsideredamajorcrimeatcertaintimesinhistory.Intheeighteenthcentury,forinstance,ifapersonwas(23)“stealingsalt”,hecouldbeputinprison.Historyrevealsthatabouttenthousandpeoplewereputinp

12、risonduringthatcentury(24)stealingsalt.Inthemodernworldsalthasmanyuses(25)thediningtable.Itisusedinmakingglassandairplaneparts,inthe(26)ofcropsandinkillingweeds.Itisalsousedtomakewatersoft,tomelticeonroadsandhighways,tomakesoap,andto(27)colorsincloth.Saltcanbeobtainedinvariousways,besidesbeingtakenf

13、romminesunderground.Evaporationofsaltwaterfromtheoceanorfromsaltwaterlakesorsmallseasisoneofthe(28)commonprocessesformanufacturingsalt.InAustralia,itcanevenbetakenfroma“saltbush”.Yet,(29)itisobtained,saltwillcontinuetoplayanimportant(30)inthelivesofmenandwomeneverywhere.21.A.AncientB.HistoricC.Histo

14、ricalD.Old22.A.saltB.saltedC.saltingD.salty23.A.arrestedB.caughtC.gotD.seized24.A.asB.byC.forD.through25.A.besidesB.beyondC.exceptD.over26.A.bearingB.developingC.growingD.training27.A.fastenB.fixC.preserveD.tie28.A.littleB.manyC.muchD.more29.A.howeverB.whateverC.wheneverD.wherever30.A.dutyB.function

15、C.responsibilityD.role.ReadingComprehensionPartA.Directions:Therearethreereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOne(1)Poultryfarmersneedtoadoptstricthygienestandardsto

16、curbAsiasdeadlybirdfluvirus,atopVietnameseofficialsaidontheeveofaninternationalconferenceWednesdayonfightingthedisease.(2)AdozenVietnamesehavediedofbirdflusinceDec.30,raisingconcernsthatthediseasecouldbere-emergingafteranoutbreaklastyearspreadto10Asiancountries,forcingtheslaughterofmorethan100millio

17、nbirds.(3)“Itsdifficulttochangetheirhabitbutweneedtoeducatethem,BuiQuangAnh,headoftheDepartmentforAnimalHealth,saidTuesday.Oncetheyunderstandandfollowalltheinstructions,wecanpreventthevirusfromspreading.”(4)Bigcommercialfarmslearnedfromthefirstoutbreakandappliedpreventivemeasures,suchasstricthygiene

18、standardsandregulardisinfection,Anhsaid.Themostrecentoutbreakwasonlyreportedinsmallfarms,whichfailedtoapplypreventivemeasures,hesaid.(5)Newregulationsshouldincludeseparatingducksfromchickens,requiringduckstoberaisedincagesandimprovinghygienemeasures,Anhsaid.Ducksshouldnotroamfreelyinricefieldsasthey

19、donowinthesouthernMekongDelta,headded.(6)Theconferencewillbelookingatavarietyofissues,includingmassvaccinations,fluresearch,farmhygiene,animalhusbandrypracticesandimprovingcoordinationbetweenanimalhealthandhumanhealthagencies.(7)Thevirus,whichinthelastyearhaskilled46peopleincluding32fromVietnamand12

20、fromThailandhasyettomutateintoaformthatcanbetransmittedbetweenhumans.Butscientistssayitmaymutatetoahumanformthatcouldbecomeasdeadlyastheonesthatkilledmillionsduringthreeinfluenzapandemicsofthe20thcentury.31.ThesubjectoftheinternationalconferencementionedinthefirstparagraphisaboutA.battlingtheSARSB.e

21、pidemicdiseasecontrolC.fightingtheavianfluD.publichealth32.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A.BirdfluwasfirstfoundinVietnam.B.Bigcommercialfarmshavetakenpreventivemeasurestocurbbirdflu.C.BuiQuangAnhbelievesthatitisimpossibletopreventthebirdflu.D.1,000birdswerekilledduringthel

22、astyearoutbreakofbirdflu.33.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmeasuresareNOTeffectiveinfightingagainstthebirdflu?A.toadoptstricthygienestandardsinpoultryfarms.B.tocarryoutregulardisinfectionC.toraiseducksandchickensseparatelyD.tostoppoultrytrade34.WecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatA.currently

23、thebirdfluviruscannotbetransmittedbetweenhumansB.thebirdfluvirusiseasytomutate.C.thebirdfluhaskilledmillionsofpeopleD.thebirdfluismoredeadlythancommoninfluenza.35.Thebesttitleforthepassageis.A.BirdFlu:ADeadlyDiseaseB.WhatCanWeLearnfromtheBirdFluC.Vietnam:theBiggestVictimoftheBirdFluD.OfficialUrgesFa

24、rmerstoCurbBirdFluPassageTwo(1)Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreintangibleside,therewasageneralpiqueagainsttheunwantedintrusionoftheWesterncountries;therewasanunderstandabletendencytoseekanexternalscapegoatforinternaldisordersonlytangentiallyattributabletotheWestandperhap

25、smostimportant,therewasaviriletraditionofethnocentricism,ventedlongbeforeagainstIndianBuddhism,whichsincetheseventeenthcentury,focusedonWesternChristianity.Accordingly,evenbeforethemissionarymovementreallygotunderwayinthemid-nineteenthcentury,itwasalreadyatadisadvantage.After1860,asmissionaryactivit

26、yinthehinterlandexpanded,itquicklybecameapparentthatinadditiontotheintangibles,numeroustangiblegroundsforChinesehostilityabounded.(2)Inpart,theverypresenceofthemissionaryevokedattack,theywere,afterall,thefirstforeignerstoleavethetreatyportsandventureintotheinterior,andforalongtimetheywerevirtuallyth

27、eonlyforeignerswhosequotidianlaborscarriedthemtothefarthestreachestheChineseempire.Formanyoftheindigenouspopulation,therefore,themissionarystoodasauniquelyvisiblesymbolagainstwhichoppositiontoforeignintrusioncouldevented.Inparttoo,themissionarywasattackedbecausethemannerinwhichhemadehispresencefelta

28、fter1860seemedalmostcalculatedtooffend.ByindignantlywagingbattleagainstthenotionthatChinawasthesolefountainheadofcivilizationand,moreparticularly,byhisassaultonmanyfacetsofChineseculture,themissionarydirectlyunderminedtheculturalhegemonyofthegentryclass.Also,incountlessways,heposedathreattothegentry

29、straditionalmonopolyofsocialleadership.Missionaries,particularlyCatholics,frequently,assumedthegarboftheConfucianliterati.Theyweretheonlypersonsatthelocallevel,asidefromthegentrywhowerepermittedtocommunicatewiththeauthoritiesassocialequals,andtheyenjoyedanextraterritorialstatusintheinteriorthatgavet

30、hemgreaterimmunitytoChineselawthanhadeverbeenpossessedbythegentry.(3)AlthoughitwastheavowedpolicyoftheChinesegovernmentafter1860thatthenewtreatiesweretobestrictlyadheredto,inpracticeimplementationdependedonthewholeheartedaccordprovincialauthorities.Thereisabundantevidencethatcooperationwasdilatory.A

31、ttherootofthislaytheinteractivenatureofrulerandruled.(4)Inaseverelyunderstaffedbureaucracythatruledasmuchbysuasionasbymight,theofficial,almostalwaysastrangerinthelocalityofhisservice,dependedontheactivecooperationofthelocalgentryclass.Energeticattemptstoimplementtreatyprovisionsconcerningmissionarya

32、ctivities,indirectdefianceofgentrysentiment,rantheriskofalienatingthisclassanddestroyingfutureeffectiveness.36.Inavagueway,anti-Christianfeelingstemmedfrom.A.themerepresenceofinvadersB.ageneralizedunfocusedfeelingC.theintroductiontotheWestD.noneoftheabove37.Theauthorwouldagreethat.A.manyproblemsinCh

33、inacamefrominternaldisordersduetoWesterninfluence.B.manyproblemsinChinacamefromChinaitselfandwereunrelatedtotheWestC.scapegoatsperformanecessaryfunctionandthereshouldbemoreofthemD.alloftheabovearetrue.38.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragree?A.Ethnocentricismisamanlytradition.B.Thedis

34、daintowardChristianitywasprefiguredbyadisdaintowardBuddhism.C.AlthoughChristianitywasnotwellreceivedinChina,Buddhismwas.D.TheauthorwouldagreewithAandC.39.Missionaries.A.oftendressedthesamewayasChinesescholarsdidB.werefreeofthelegalconstraintsthatboundthelocalindigenouspopulationC.hadgreateraccesstoa

35、uthoritythanChinesepeasantsD.maybedescribedbyalloftheabove40.Provincialauthorities.A.cooperatedfullywiththecentralgovernmentspolicyB.werealivetolocalfeelingsC.wereobligedtodeterminewhetherlocalsentimenttoleratedimplementationD.maybedescribedbyBandC.PassageThree(1)Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,al

36、waysconditionedtechnology.Forexample,thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.Further,emergingscarcityofsometechnologicalresourcemay ignitearesearchfor,andgradualtransitionto,anewtechnologyusingre

37、sourcespresentintheenvironmentingreaterabundance,as,forexample,inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.(2)InmodernWesternsociety,environmenthasbeguntoconditiontechnologyinnewways,althoughadmittedly

38、moreindirectly.Thesafetyandqualityoftheenvironmentandpublicperceptionsofithavebeguntotranslateintopresidentialpoliticsandcongressionalmandatestoregulatoryagenciestoprotectorenhanceenvironmentalqualityorsafety,occasionallyevenatthecostofsomeperturbationofthetech-economicstatus-quo.InFrance,Italy,andr

39、ecentlytheUnitedStates,politicalpartieshavebeenformed,organizedaroundacomplexoftechnology/environmentissues.Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA

40、(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.Bothresearchandevelopmentprioritiesandcapitalinvestmentprogramsofthecorporationshavebeenaffectedbythis.41.Whichofthefollowingstateme

41、ntsisTRUE?A.Environmentenablesmantoadaptsuccessfullytonewtechnology.B.Technologiesenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytohisenvironment.C.Thedevelopmentofthetechnologiesdependssolelyonthenaturalenvironment.D.Lackoftechnologiestocopewiththeenvironmentiscausedbylackofnaturalresources.42.Wecaninferfromthearticl

42、ethatinthe1800sEnglandwasprobablyrichin.A.woodresourcesB.technologicalresourcesC.naturalresourcesD.coalresource43.inmodernWesternsociety,theenvironmentalproblemhas.A.receivedgreatattentionformthegovernmentsB.causedsomeseriousdisordersintechnologyandeconomyAffectedmoderntechnologiesmoredirectlythanbe

43、fore.D.becomemoreimportantbutreceivedlessandlessattention44.Theunderlinedword“heed”inthelastbutonesentenceofthepassagemeans.A.lawsuitB.interestC.attentionD.expense45.Whatisthebesttopicforthepassage?A.Whatcannaturecontributetotechnology?B.Environmentcansometimesblocktheprogressoftechnology.C.Technolo

44、giesofallkindsshouldservethenaturalenvironment.D.Environmentdeservesthemostattentioninthedevelopmentoftechnology.PartBDirections:Afteryouhavereadthefollowingpassage,writeoutasummaryinEnglishwhitabout70to90words.PutyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.WhatisSociety?Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbya

45、greementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,asacollectivebody,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Oneofthebestdirectanalogiesiswiththehumanbodyitself.Thecellsareallalive,indepe

46、ndently,yettheygrouptogetherandestablishroles,responsibilities,andrelationshipsthatallowagreaterwholetoexistthatismorethanjustthesumoftheparts.Thecellsgainfromthespecificrolestheyplaybecausetheyareallowedtobewhattheyaremoreeffectively.Further,theyaregivenalimitedawarenessofthewholethattheireffortsai

47、dincreating.Similarly,whenindividualhumanbeingsgrouptogethertoformsocieties,anorganizationiscreatedinwhichthemembersarethecells.Subgroupsofthemembersmayformorgansthroughwhichhigherlevelfunctionscanthenmanifest.Iftherelationshipsareloose,thebodycreatedhaslimitedfunctionalityoverthatofanyindividualmem

48、berbecausethereislittlesynergy.Whentherelationshipsarecloseandfoundedonabasisoflove,thebodythuscreatedhassignificantfunctionalityoverthatoftheindividuals.Whenthegroupissmall,feworganscanbecreatedsothereislimitedcomplexityorfunctionality.Whenthegroupislarge,manyorganscanbecreated,resultinginhighlyinc

49、reasedcomplexityandfunctionality.Countries,regions,statescities,andneighborhoodscouldallbeconsideredtobesocietiesascouldteams,groups,andanyotherorganizationsofpeople.Forourpurposeshere,themostimportantsocietyisTheUnitedStatesofAmericasinceitistheoneestablishedtosetuptheNewOrderfortheAges,NovusOrdoSe

50、clorum.Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludesalltheeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.Translation1.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Waterisalimitednaturalresourceandapublicgoodfundamentalforlifeandhealth.Thehumanrighttowaterisindispensablefo

51、rleadingalifeinhumandignity.Itisaprerequisitefortherealizationofotherhumanrights.TheCommitteehasbeenconfrontedcontinuallywiththewidespreaddenialoftherighttowaterindevelopingaswellasdevelopedcountries.OverIbillionpersonslackaccesstoabasicwatersupply,whileseveralbilliondonothaveaccesstoadequatesanitat

52、ion,whichisthe primarycauseofwatercontaminationanddiseaseslinkedtowater.Thecontinuingcontamination,depletionandunequaldistributionofwaterisexacerbatingexistingpoverty.Stateshavetoadopteffectivemeasurestorealize,withoutdiscrimination,therighttowater.2.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.和平与发展是当今世

53、界的两大主题。维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定与发展。中国与西方国家虽然国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。中国政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。.Composition(35minutes;15points)Directions.Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthetopicgivenbelo

54、w:Desireisperhapsthestrongestdrivetoprogress.Buteveryonehashis/herownunderstandingofit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissue.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto1.showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,2.giveaspecificexample,and3.giveyoursuggestionastotreatonesdesire.中国农业科学院考博英语真题200

55、5答案解析 Vocabulary Part A 1.C 译文：景色太美了，超出了我的描述能力所能描述的。 解析：transport运输；transfer 转让；transcend超越，超出；transform转变。 2.A 译文：校长在演讲开始时称赞了女孩的勇敢。 解析：applaud称赞；enhance加强；elevate提升；clap鼓掌。 3.D 译文：“黄色”的字面意思是一种颜色 ，但它也可以表示“怯懦地”的意思。 解析：literal meaning 字面意思。 4.C 译文：很多人认为公共意识的标准下降了。 解析：固定短语，public awareness公共意识。Morality

56、道德；rightness 正义；mentality 心态。 5.B 译文：人们惊讶地发现他有能力控制他所参与的所有事情。 解析：precede 领先；dominate控制，支配；pervade弥漫；denominate取名，称为。 6.B 译文：他们的反应如此不同的事实反应了他们个性上的差异。 解析：performance表现；personality个性，性格；quality质量；debut初次登台。 7.C 译文：这个要可以减轻胃痛。 解析：ascertain查明，探知；agitate煽动；alleviate减轻，缓和；allocate分配。 8.B 译文：这栋公寓估价50，000美元，它的

57、主人决定卖掉它。 解析：automate自动化；assess评定，估价；assert维护，坚持；avenge报仇。 9.A 译文：部长嘱咐所有的官员交税。 解析：bid 吩咐，嘱咐；bless 保佑；bark吠叫，咆哮；baffle使困惑。 10.B 译文：人死时，要在遗产分配前把他的债还清。 解析：paradox矛盾；legacy遗产；platitude陈腐，平凡；analogy类比。 Section B 11.D 译文：游客从远方聚集而来看首都的景色。 解析：根据题意，只有D“gather”的意思与“flock聚集”相近。 12.B 译文：他说了太多的谎言，我们再也不会相信他说的话了。 解

58、析：根据题意可知reliance 的意思为“信任”，所以与之意思相近的就是B。 13.D 译文：石油可以彻底地改变社会，这种程度超过了人们所能想象得到的。 解析：根据题意drastically表示“彻底地。grossly很，非常；severely严重地；rapidly 快速地；radically彻底得。四个选项中只有D与drastically意思相近。 14.B 译文：经济困难时期，政府的教育预算通常会在其他预算之前被削减。 解析：根据题意知slash的意思为“削减”，所以B“cut”的意思与之相近 15.A 译文：现代的打印设备可以很快打印出文本和图片的副本。 解析：根据题意知duplica

59、te意为“副本的，复制的”，四个备选项identical完全相同 的；double两倍的；illustrated有插图的；legible清晰的。利用常识，我们知道打印机打出的副本都是完全相同的，所以与duplicate意思相近的是A. 16.C 译文：当她最小的孩子离开家时，她有一种急切的需要去填补她的时间。 解析：根据题意知pressing意为“急切的”，所以只有C“ urgent 紧急的，急迫的” 与之意思相近。 17.D 译文：表演艺术家的任务是诠释而非改变印在纸上的音乐的音符。 解析：根据题意知alter的意思为“改变”，四个选项中omit省略；reproduce复制，繁 殖； com

60、pose写作，构成；change改变。所以与alter意思相近的是D。18.B译文：当高空卫星携带有伽马射线和其他放射物质的探测器时，飞机和火箭可以用来收集放射性碎片。解析：diffusion扩散；remains残余；glitter闪光；transfer转移。根据题意，可知答案为B。19.C译文：尽管因为多年的为国家服务而变得精疲力竭了，华盛顿还是接受美国总统一职。解析：wornout在题目中的意思为“精疲力竭”，四个选项中只有C“exhausted”表达此意。20.D译文：对于因观点相投而选择彼此成为朋友的法国人而言，活跃的争论和尖锐的论断是他们生活不可缺少的部分。解析：根据题目知conge