高考英语语法专项复习主谓一致

1、知识结构:尸概念：2008高考英语语法专项复习主谓一致主谓一致指句子的谓语必须在人称和数的变化方面和主语保持一致。语法形式上的一致(即主语形式上的单复数决定谓语的单复数) 如：Tom and Jack are twin brothers.意义上一致(即主语意义上的单复数决定谓语的单复数，不看主语的形式)如：The news is surprising.The crowd are shouting.就近原则(即谓语的单复形式取决于最靠近它的主语) i 如：or, either . or . , neither . nor 等种类：用法列举：一、名词作主语(1)某些集体名词，如family、tea

2、m等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用 单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one. Thewhole family are watching TV. 这类名词有 audience, class, club, company, crew, enemy, crowd, government, group, party, public, team 等，a group/crowd of +复数名词等短语也适合上述情况， population前有分数时即 分数+ of the population谓语为复数，而the popu

3、lation作主语，谓语 为单数。(2)某些集体名词，如 people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 如：The police are searching for the thief.(3)单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there. / Some sheep are over there.这类名词有：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese.(4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等。作主语时， 动词一般用单数。如：The doctor s i

4、s across the street. My uncle s is not far from here.常见的省略名词有：the baker sthe barber sthe carpenter the; Zhang 等s(5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以 根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Three years has passed since then.(6)不定彳t词each, every, no所修饰的单数名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each g

5、irl(want) to go the cinema.(7)如果主语有 more than one .或many a .构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student ( have ) read the book. / Many a girl (have ) been there.但是，more复数名词+ than one结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one ( be ) against your plan.(8) 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例

6、如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissor鲜。但如果主语用 a kind of, a pair of, a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes(be) onthe desk.(9) this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书)，其谓语动词用单数；短语 this kind of men = men of this kind these kind of men (口语，这一类人) , 但 this ki

7、nd of men 的谓语动词 用单数，men of this kind 和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：This kind of men( be ) dangerous. / Men of this kind(be ) dangerous.(10)复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓 语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means (方法)，works (工厂),species (种类)，Chinese, Japanes舟。如：The (This) glass work

8、s was set up in 1980.这家玻璃厂建于 1980 年。The ( These) glass works are near the railway station.(这些玻璃厂在火车站附近)当他们前面有 a, such a, this, that修饰时，谓语用单数； 有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓 语用复数，但 means, no means, the means等词前没有以上修饰词时 ，可用作单数，也可用作复 数。(11)如果名词词组中心词是all (all指人为复数，指物为单数)，most, half, rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用

9、复数形式；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates(like) music. / All of the water(be) gone.(12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows ( hang) a picture.二、由连接词连接的名词作主语(1)用and或both . and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Plastics and rubber never rot. / Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念

10、时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：Truth and honesty is the best policy. / The girl s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. / A knife and fork is on the table.(2) 当主语后面跟有 as well as, as much as, no less than

11、, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to 等弓 I导的词组时， 其谓 语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。如：The teacher as well as the students was in the library.(3)以 or, either . or, neither . nor, not only . but also 等连接的名词(代词)作主语时， 谓语动词的单、复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Tom or his br

12、others(be) waiting in the room. / Either you or he(be) to go.三、代词作主语(1)名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替 的是单数还是复数。如：Ours (Our Party) is a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine (=my shoes) are brown.such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如： Such is our plan. Such are his words.(3)关系代词who, th

13、at, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行 词的数一致。如：Those who(want) to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that(be) used by man comes from the sun.(4)疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定 单、复数。如：Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu. / Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu.Which is (are) yo

14、ur book(s)? / What produce(s) heat?(5)不定代词 any, either, neither, none, all, some, more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。如：Now all has been changed. All are present.either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：Do(es) any of you

15、 know his address?/ None of them has(have) seen the film.例：He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship forthree years. (2002 上海高考)A. is B. are C. have been D. has been依照上例，完成题：Mary is one of the girls who often late for school. A. is B. are C. comes D. getNone of the bamboo here t

16、hick enough for building. A. is B. are C. was D. wereNobody harder than John does. A. work B. works C. worked D. has worked四、分数、量词作主语11)分数或百分数十名词 ”构成的短语以及由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a largequantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修

17、饰语。如：Lots of damage(were / was) caused by fire.About three -fourths of the earth s si(bfaceovered with water.Three fifths of the workers here (be) women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of名词复数”，但是，the number of名词的中心词却是number,试比较：A number of students have gone home. /./ The number of pages in this book is two hun

18、dred.注意：(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.短语 in quantity, in large quantities 意为 大量“；in small quantities 意为 少量”。a great deal of, a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如：A large amount of(A gre

19、at deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.half of, (a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名 词复数时，谓语动词用复数。五、名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the dea

20、f and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等。如果表示不可数的事物，抽象概念 或一个人，谓语动词用单数形式。The old are well looked after by the government.The agreeable is not always the useful.(赏心悦目的不一定实用。)六、动名词、动词不定式短语、主语从句作主语动名词、动词不定式短语、主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。但由 what引导的主语从 句，谓语动词通常用单数，但若所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复

21、数形式。如：What we need is more time./What we need are doctors.典型错例分析(一)误：Not only the officials but also the emperor were stupid.误：Either you or I are wrong.误： Are either of your parents a worker?误：They each raises a question.误： All but one was absent today.误：Twenty of the students in our class are girl

22、, and the rest is boys.误： Each boy and each girl were holding a flag.误：The leader and doctor were writing a letter.误：The first and the last composition was well written.误： What I say and what I think is my own affair.误：What re that?误： Bread and butter are better for you than cake.误：Fathers and Sons

23、are a masterpiece俗著).误： Mr. Li, as well as his children, are going there by bus.误：I, not you, are in charge of the shop.误： Many a boys have swum in the river.误： More than one astronaut have traveled to the moon.误： The number of pupils of our school are increasing rapidly.误： Some folk is never satisf

24、ied.误： My family is early risers.误： Another pair of glasses are needed.误： One or two books is enough.误：The blind is taken good care of here.误：The beautiful live forever.误：Every means have been tried.误：His works has been translated into many languages.误： A lot of paper is published in that city.误：New

25、s come that students must be taught in German.误： One quarter of the population of the States is black.误：Four million tons of coal was supplied last year.误：Maths are important.误： Those sheep is John s.误： Seven days there seem like a long time.误： About one third of the stories is worth reading.误： One

26、and a half banana is left on the ground.误： He is the one of the students who study hard in his class.误：It s I who is a driver.误： East of the lake lies two villages.主谓一致巩固练习（一）基础过关题（自测）1. I, whoyour friend, will try my best to help you with your English.A.amB.isC.areD.be2.The richnot always happy.A.a

27、reB.isC.hasD.have3.Neither Tom nor Jack and Ihis students.A.areB.amC.is4.Mary as well as her sistersChinese in China.A. are studyingB.have studiedC.studiesD. study5. Neither my father nor Iat home.A.amB.isC.areD.beD.wasNot only my brother but also I good at painting. Both of us good painters.,A.are;

28、areB.am;amC.ani;areD.is;isEvery boy and every girl to attend the evening party.A.wishB.wishesC.is likeD.likeOver 80 percent of the population of China peasants.A.wasB.isC. would beD.areThe population of China larger than that of .any other country in the world.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveEvery means tried b

29、ut without any result.A. have beenB.is to beC.are to beD. has beenAlice, together with two boys,for having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punishedC. were punished D. being punishedThe League secretary and the monitor asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.is beingThe great w

30、riter and professor.A. is an old man B. are both old men C. is an old man and a young man D. were two ChineseThere a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A.areB.isC.hasD.haveA large number of students in our class girls. A. are B. was C. is D. beThe number of deer, mountain lions and wild ro

31、ses much if people leave things as they are.A. doesn t change B.dont change C.changeD.changedThe Arabian Nights well known to the English. A. is B. are C. was D. wereChairman Mao s works published. A. has been B.have been C.was D.isA chemical worksbuilt there.A. is to beingB.have been C. were toD.ha

32、s beenThe Olympic Games held every years.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five.The United States of Americaone of the most developed countries in the world.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereHe is the only one of die students who elected.A. areB.haveC.hasD.isTheis is one of the most interesting questions that ask

33、ed.A.haveB.hasC. have been D.has beenMany a man come to help us. A.have B.has C.is D.areAll present and all going on well, our monitor said.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;areThe police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searc

34、hing for D. were searchingYour trousers dirty.You must have washed.A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;themD.is;themThis pair of trousers too long for him. A.is B.be C.areD.wereOne and a half bananas left on the table. A.is B.are C.has D.haveEight times eight sixty - four. A.isB.are C.get D.equal.Ten minutes an ho

35、ur when one is waiting for a phone call.A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemesof the money run out.A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; haveThe whole class the teacher attentively.A. are listening to B. is listening to C.are listeningD. is listeninghave finished

36、a large part of the book, the rest of which more difficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereBetween the two rows of trees the teaching building.A.standB.standsC. standingD.areLarge quantities of water for irrigation.A. is neededB.has -needed C. are needed D. needThat they were wrong in these matters now clear to

37、 us all.A. isB.wasC.areD.allWhat we need good textbooks. A.is B.are C.have D.hasWhat you said just now the matter we are discussing.A.have something to atB. has something to do withC.had something to do withD.has been something to do withMore than one member against the plan. A. is B.are C.has D.hav

38、eWhen and where to build the new factory yet.A. has not decidedB. is not decided C. are not decidedD. have notdecidedHalf of the fruitbad. A. areB. hasC. isD. haveeither of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C.HasD.IsMathematicsthe language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. is

39、D. is to beMy familysmall.A. isB. were C. are D. makesThe followingsome other examples.A. areB. isC. wasD.were47. They both have some friends; but hismore active. A. is B. will beC.wasD. are48. Both rice and wheatgrown in that country. A. isB. are C. wasD.has49. Early to bed and early to risea good

40、habit. A. are B. isC. wereD.wasTo play basketball and to go swimminguseful for character-training.A. wasB. isC. areD. wereEither he or Ito attend the mass meeting this evening. A. is B. am C.areD.be52.either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening. A. is B. am C.areD.beAn iron and steel work

41、s, with some satellite factories,to be built here.A. areB. wereC. isD. willShe as well as her brothera League member.A. are B. were C.willD.isHis familya big one. Now the familywatching TVA. is, areB. are, isC. is, isD. are, areIt is I whogoing to attend the meeting tomorrow.A. is B. am C.areD.beMor

42、e than 60% of the studentsthe countryside.A. isB. areC. is fromD. are fromMany a manthe novel. A. has read B. have read C. is readD.are readTom is the only one of the students whogoing to swim this afternoon.A. isB. wasC. areD. wereHerea pen, a few pencils and some paper for you. A. are B. is C.wasD

43、.were主谓一致巩固练习（二）I.能力提升题When and where to go for the on-salary holiday yet. （2003 上海春招）A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decidedE-mail, as well as telephone, an important part in daily communication.(1999 上海高考)A. is playing B. have played C. are playi

44、ng D. playEach of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, to go to university. 11998 上海高考)A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hopedNot only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after another. (NMETA. is B. are C. amD. beThe number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of th

45、em _ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were (NMET 1996)At the bus stop a solder and two young men on their way to North Carolina.A. were B. was C. is D. waitingMr. Gilmore is one of those men who to be friendly however, it is very hard to deal with him.A. ap

46、pears B. appear C. is appearing D. appearedMr. Brown is one of the few persons I know who from experience.A. has learned B. have learned C. had learnedD. has been learnedThe hostess dressed in her finest costume together with the guests of honor comfortably in the living room.A. were seated B. are s

47、eated C. seated D. was seatedIt is not I who wrong. A. is B. are C. am D. has beenHe played on the _ for two hours and when he returned he found half his goods stolen.A. sand; were B. sand; was C. sands; were D. sands; was“ AUpresent and all going on well. Our monitor said.A. is; is B. are; are C. a

48、re; is D. is; areNowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, in theclothing industry.A. is working B. works C. work D. worked (2005 辽宁卷)With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year. (2005 山东卷）A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. ar

49、e washing away D. are being washed awayMore than a dozen students in that school abroad to study medicine last year. （2005 上海）A. was sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sentof the land in that district covered with trees and grass.（2000 上海）A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; isD.

50、Two fifths; areA poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. isB. areC. wasD. were （2006 江苏）The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC. goes D. are going （2006 辽宁）We liv

51、e day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks so small that aday is unimportant.A. isB. are C. has been D. have been （2007 湖南卷）A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for one shealth.A. show; areB. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are

52、（2007 江西卷）II .阅读表达Do you want to work with people or animals or machines or tools? Do you want to work indoors or outdoors, directly serve people in need or serve people behind the scenes? These are the typical questions that a volunteer service agency would ask.Every year, thousands and thousands o

53、f people in the west offer volunteer services. Volunteering greatly strengthens the community partly because it helps the old, the young, the weak, the sick, the disabled and the injured to overcome difficulties.Volunteers usually help in many different ways. The may give people advice, offer friend

54、ship to the young, drive the elderly to church, counsel kids against drugs. Work as an assistant in a school or nursing home, raise funds, plant trees, help out in local libraries and do many other things.Volunteering can be a few hours a week or a few hours a month, time during the day, evenings or

55、 weekends, either part time or full time. Anybody can become a volunteer.The art of volunteering is a process of both giving and receiving. Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people and make new friends and mix with people from all walks of life. Volunteering is an excellent way to experimen

56、t, practice and try out new techniques and skills. It is much more effective to practice a skill than to read about it or study it in a classroom. Volunteering is a great way to develop good teamwork skills, discover your individual talents and explore career choices. Being a volunteer takes individ

57、uals on a wonderful journey and helps them learn many important things beyond their school learning.What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?Volunteer service can provide chances for volunteers to make a

58、cquaintance of all kinds of people.Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words, phrases or sentence to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)What kind of volunteer jobs would you like to take ? why? (Please answer within 30 words.)Translate the underlined sent

59、ence in the fifth paragraph into Chinese.Keys:主谓一致巩固练习（一）答案.基础过关题（自测）15 AAACA2630 BCAAA51-55 BACDA610 CBDAD 1115 ACABA 1620 AABDB 21-25 ADCBC31-35 ACAAB 3640 CABBA 41-45 BCCCA 4650 ADBBC5660 BDAAB主谓一致巩固练习（二）答案I.能力提升题阅读表达110 DABBC ; ABBDC11-20 CCCDB ; CACABVolunteer Service in the WestVolunteering al

60、low volunteers to meet new people and make new friends and mix with peoplefrom all walks life.who is willing / likes to serve people in needI like to help out in local libraries, because I like books very much. I ll arrangorder so that readers can easily find what they want从事志愿者工作可以引导人走向一条理想的人生之路，学会