高考英语单项填空试题常见解题诀窍

1、高考英语单项填空试题常见解题诀窍快捷而正确的解题方法不仅能够提高解题速度以争取时间，而且还能提高答案的准确度，是获得高分的捷径。 而理解和记住以下常见的单项填空试题的解题诀窍，能够帮助我们举一反三、触类旁通，迅速找到解单项填空试题的突破口。 一、提取时间信息 根据语境定时态【要领】当考查谓语或非谓语动词的时态时，往往不给时间状语。应对方法是在试题中提取与时间相关的信息，判断动词动作发生的先后时间关系，从而确定时态。【例1】They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go

2、. （山东2007）A. had got B. got C. have got D. get【答案及解析】答案为B。根据otherwise后面所接句子的谓语would have been可知是表示与过去情况相反，由此可知前面句子讲的“有两张免费的票”指的是过去的情况，故谓语用一般过去时。【例2】Is there anything wrong，Bob？You look sad.Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends back home. （2007全国卷II）A. have just thought B. was just thinking C.

3、 would just think D. will just be thinking 【答案及解析】答案为B。由对话语境可知，一方发觉另一方不对劲，故问“怎么了？你看上去不高兴。”对方在思念家乡的朋友，故回答时用过去进行时与just搭配，表示“刚才正在”。【例3】I got caught in the rain and my suit _.（北京2007）A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined【答案及解析】答案为C。my suit承受动词ruin表示的动作，故先确定用被动语态。再由语境意义可知：被淋雨（

4、过去）造成的结果是（现在）西服被淋坏了，要描述这样的状态，适合用现在完成时。综合时态和语态，用现在完成时的被动语态。【一试身手】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Jim, what a surprise!I _ you _ here.A. dont know; areB. didnt know; wereC. hadnt known; had beenD. havent known; were2. This is Zhao Hua speaking.Im sorry. I _ your voice.A. dont recognize B. didnt recogn

5、ize C. havent recognized D. hadnt recognized3. Can I help you，sir？Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _.(NMET 1996)A. didnt work B. wont workC. cant work D. doesnt work 4. The old couple have been married for forty years and never once _ with each other. (NMET 2003)A. they had quarreled

6、B. they have quarreledC. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled5. Have you moved into the new flat？Not yet. The rooms _.A. are being painting B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painted 答案及解析：1. B。语境信息是：两人见面说话，肯定知道对方就在眼前。这里说不知道是指说话之前不知道，因而要用过去式。2. B。这是一个打电话的情景。对方已经告诉你他是谁，你说“没有辨认出他的声音”是指对方

7、说明身份前的情况，因此谓语动词要用一般过去式。3. D。语境信息是：收音机是过去买的，买的时候肯定是能够正常工作的，而现在说“收音机不能正常工作”应是指现在的情况，符合想调换的意图。故用一般现在时。4. C。语境信息是：这对夫妇结婚已经有40年，“相互从来没有争吵过”指从40年前开始一直到现在，故适合用现在完成时，再根据否定词never位于句首时，谓语部分需要部分倒装，故选C。5. D。语境信息是：问句提示房子在说话前就装修了，只是不知道是否完工。由Not yet 可知 “还没有搬进新房”，由此推知房子应在说话时还在装修，故适合用现在进行时，由于主语rooms承受paint动作，故用被动语态。

8、二、识别语气信息 与事相反虚拟探【要领】英语句子均含有语气信息：句子表示的意义与事实相符，谓语动词一般用陈述语气；句子的意义与事实相反、或是不能实现的愿望，谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。语气往往隐藏在前后句子的信息中、或由某些关键词语（but、otherwise等）来表现。凡是表示与事实相反的情况或愿望，一般都要用虚拟语气。【例1】I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _ have driven her there. （陕西2007）A. could B. must C. might D. should【答案及解析】答案为

9、D。由前后分句提供的信息可知说话者说本应该开车送她（her=your friend）到那儿，其实并没有，应用虚拟语气。“should have + 过去分词”可表示“过去本来应做某事，而实际上并没有做”，带有“责备、抱怨、后悔”等语气。【例2】Look at the trouble I am in！If only I _ your advice. （上海2003春）A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow【答案及解析】答案为C。前面暗示说话者已处于困境，说明没有听对方过去提出的忠告。后面说“要是听了你的忠告就好了”

10、与过去事实相反，纯属一种愿望，故用虚拟语气，if only 表示“与过去事实相反的情况”时，谓语用“had + 过去分词”。【例3】He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he _ a goal.（上海2001）A. had scored B. scoredC. would score D. would have scored 【答案及解析】答案为D。第一个分句说的是过去的事实，即踢球前迟疑了一下，otherwise相当于一个条件从句If he hadnt hesitated，表示与过去事实相反的情况，故空白部分用

11、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气would have scored。【一试身手】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. When a chopstick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. has been broken2. We were really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. coul

12、dnt have leftD. neednt leave3. I didnt meet Mr. Smith at the station. How l wish I _ him.A. had seen B. saw C. have seen D. was seeing 4. But for your advice, I _ out of the trouble last week.A. wouldnt get B. wouldnt have gotC. couldnt get D. wont get5. You _ him from the water even though you coul

13、dnt swim well.A. should save B. could save C. ought to have saved D. might have saved答案及解析：1. C。筷子放入水中，看起来像是被折断一样，这是光的折射现象，筷子并没有被折断，这是与事实相反的说法，因此谓语动词要用虚拟语气。当as if从句表示与现在情况相反时，谓语用过去式，且be一般用were。2. B。事实是对方（you）什么也没说就离家出走了。而现在说“你不应该不留一句话就离家出走”，表示说话者抱怨、责备等语气，因此要用虚拟语气，shouldnt have left表示过去本来不应该离开，而实际上离开

14、了。3. A。事实是没有见到Smith先生，wish纯属表示一种愿望, 因此要用虚拟语气。表示对过去的愿望时，wish后面的宾语从句谓语用过去完成式形式。4. B。由but for（要不是）可知实际情况是已经摆脱了困境，所说的“不会摆脱困境”与过去事实相反，故用would have got。5. C。由even though引导的从句意义可知说话者带有责备的语气：对方本来应该救人以尽一个人的义务，而实际上没有，ought to have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。三、鉴别语态信息 及物无宾被动看【要领】当选项中既有不同的时态形式，又有不同的语态形式时，先判断语态，后判断时态。因为语态容易判

15、断：当所给动词是及物动词，后面没有带宾语且句子的主语承受该动词表示的动作时，就可先选定被动形式的选项。接下来根据所给时间状语或语境暗示的时间判断时态。若所给动词是不及物动词，就不需要考虑被动语态问题。【例1】The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. （2007全国卷I）A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell【答案及解析】答案为C。所给动词sell（卖、销售）在此是及物动词，其后没有宾语，主语they是sell的承受者，优先考虑被动语态选项B和C。再判断时态：sell动词表

16、示的时间不会在were之前发生，故只能考虑用一般过去时。故选择were sold。但需注意有些动词，如上面提到的sell既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词,这就需要具体情况具体分析。 如sell表示销售状况并跟有相应的副词时，一般用作不及物动词。如：The ticket cost so much and sold badly.【例2】When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. （江西2007）A. training B. being trainedC. to have train

17、ed D. to be trained【答案及解析】答案为D。非谓语动词train是及物动词，后面没有宾语，先考虑被动语态选项B和D。又从非谓语的作用可知，这里应用不定式作目的状语。故选择不定式的被动式。【例3】“Things _ never come again！” I couldnt help talking to myself. （湖南2007）A. lost B. losing C. to loseD. have lost【答案及解析】答案为A。things后面接非谓语动词作定语，动词lose为及物动词，其后没有宾语，故在逻辑上被修饰的things是承受者，故要选具有被动和完成意义的过

18、去分词lost作定语。【一试身手】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. The students _ to touch anything in the chemical lab unless the teacher asks them to.A. arent allowed B. dont allowC. havent allowed D. wont allow2. Whatever has happened to the saleswoman?I dont know. She _ around here for a long time.A. hasnt seen B

19、. didnt see C. hasnt been seen D. hadnt been seen3. Gold _ in California in the nineteenth century.A. was discovered B. discovered C. had discovered D. was being discovered4. The girl went to the party without _.A. inviting B. being invited C. to be invited D. invited5. _ from the tower at night, th

20、e city looks more beautiful.A. To be seen B. Seeing C. Being seen D. Seen答案及解析：1. A。allow一般为及物动词，其句型为allow sb. to do sth.，本题中allow后面没有指人的宾语（sb.），句子的主语就是动作的承受者，因此要用被动语态。2. C。see 一般为及物动词，后面没有宾语，故先考虑被动语态。由语境意义可知与现在有关，应用现在完成时。3. A。discover是及物动词，后面没有宾语，故先考虑被动语态。再探语境时态，后面有in the nineteenth century作时间状语，只能

21、用一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。4. B。在介词without后面只能用动词-ing形式。invite为及物动词，后面应接“人”作宾语，现在没有宾语，在逻辑上句子的主语the girl是其宾语，因此，invite要用具有被动意义的形式, 具有被动意义的选项有B、C和D。综合分析，invite既要用-ing形式又要用被动式。故选B。5. D。see为及物动词，后面没有带宾语，它的逻辑宾语就是句子的主语the city，因此要用被动式。具有被动意义的选项有A、C和D。Seen是If it is seen的缩略形式，正好符合题意。四、搜索明暗信息 综合推理作判断【要领】在考查语境的试题中，总

22、会提供一些有助于解题的相关信息：明示信息由关键词句直接提示；而暗示信息需要理解和体验语境意义才能得到。明示信息为解题提供参考和方向，暗示信息最终决定选项。因此遇到此类试题，要善于搜索明示信息，以排除与题意无关的选项；再深刻理解语境含义以获取暗含信息，进行综合推理，作出正确的选择。【例1】He and his wife are of the same _; they both want their son to go to college. （陕西2007）A. soul B. spirit C. heart D. mind 【答案及解析】答案为D。本题考查名词的区别。明示信息为：soul灵魂、

23、心灵、精神；spirit灵魂、心灵、精神；heart心境、心情、内心；mind头脑、精神、愿望、看法。四个名词均可放入空格处。暗示信息为：“他们想让他们的儿子上大学”，暗示了一种“想法”，故与mind意思相同，那么前面一句的意思就是“他和他的妻子有一样的愿望/想法。”【例2】Do you need any help，Lucy？Yes. The job is _ I could do myself.（福建2007）A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than【答案及解析】答案为B。本题考查短语意义。明示信息为：less th

24、an少于；more than多于、超出；no more than不超过、仅仅；not more than不多于。四个短语放入空格处似乎都可以。暗示信息为：由问句和答语Yes可知需要帮助，这就暗示了“这项工作超出了我自己的能力范围”，故选more than。 【一试身手】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Mr. Li hesitated for a long time. But he decided to lend me a help _.A. finally B. immediatelyC. gradually D. slowly 2. Good morning, Green Hotel. Hello, Id like to book a room for the night of the 18th and 19th. _, Ill check.A. Ten dollars for each room. B. Just a minute, please.C.