版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、PAGE 第 PAGE 11 页 共 NUMPAGES 11 页常见(chn jin)构词法归纳(gun) 1派生(pishng)法(1)前缀 表示否定意义的前缀:a. 纯否定前缀:un-: unable, unemployment(失业), unload(卸载), uncover(发现、揭开、揭露), unhappy, untrue, unlike(不像), unrest(不安的,动荡的), unfair, unknown, unhealthy, unusual(不寻常的;与众不同的), uncertain(无常的、含糊的), unclear(不清楚的), unequal, unlucky,
2、 unreal, unkind, uncomfortable, uneasy(心情不安的), uninteresting, unimportant, unnecessary, unpleasant, undivided(专心的、专一的、未分开的), unreserved(无保留的、坦白的)dis-: dislike(不喜欢), disarm(解除武装;放下武器), disconnect(vt拆开,使分离), disagree, disappear, disadvantage, dishonest, disability(残疾、无能), discover(v发现), disobey(违反、不服从
3、)in-, im-, il-, ir-: incapable(不能的、无能力的), inability(无能力,无才能), incomplete, incorrect, inconvenient, inexpensive, impossible, immoral(不道德的), illegal(非法的), illogical(不合乎逻辑的), irregular, irrelative(无关系的)non-: non-smoker, non-stop(直达的,中途不停的), non-violent(非暴力的), nonwhite(非白人), non-member(非会员), nonparty(无党
4、派), nonsense(无意义,胡说,废话)b. 表示错误的意义:mis-: mistake, mislead(误导), misunderstanding(n), misuse(n/vt滥用、误用、虐待), mistrust, mistreat(虐待)c. 表示“反、防、抗”的意义:anti-: antiknock(n/adj防震), antiforeign(排外的), anti-war(adj,反战的), antitank(反战车的), anti-pollution(防污染,反污染的) 表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀:ward(守卫)a- 表示“在之上”,“向”:aboard(在飞机上,在船
5、上), aside(在旁边)de- 表示“在下,向下”:decrease(减少,下降), degrade(降级)en- 表示“在内,进入”:encage(入笼), enbed(上床)ex- 表示“外部,外”:exit, expand(扩张), export(输出、出口)fore- 表示“在前面”:forehead(前额), foreground(前景), foreleg, forefootin-, im- 表示“向内,在内,背于”:inland(内地、内陆), inside, indoor(s)(室内的,户内的;(s)在户内), importinter- 表示“在间,相互”:internati
6、onal, interaction(相互作用), internet, interview(接见,面试)mid- 表示“中,中间”: midposition(中间位置)out- 表示“在外部,在外”:outline(轮廓,大纲,概要), outside, outward(s)(外表、外面;(s)向外地), outdoor(s)over- 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”:overlook(忽视,眺望), overhead(在头顶上,在空中), overcoat(大衣,外套), overdress(外衣), oversea(s)(海外)post- 表示“向后,在后边,次”:postscript(附言)
7、pre- 表示“在前,在前面,提前”:prefix(前缀), preface(前言), preposition(介词)super- 表示“在.之上,超级”:superstructure(上部建筑,上部构造), supernatural(超自然的,不可思议的), superpower(超强特权,超强大国), superman, supermarkettrans- 表示“移上,转上,在那一边”:translate, transform(转变、转换、转移), transplant(移植), transportation(交通)under- 表示“在.下面,下的”:underline(下划线,强调,在
8、下面划线), underground, underwater, undershirt(贴身内衣,美式)up- 表示“向上,向上面,在上”:upward(s)(向上的,上升的), uphold(支撑,鼓励), uphill(上坡),upload(上传)auto- 表示“自己,独立,自动”:automobile(自动车), autobiographytbagrf(自传)tele- 表示“远离”:television, telephone , telegram(电报), telegraph(电报,抽象名词), telescope(望远镜) 表示时间(shjin),序列关系的前缀:fore- 表示(b
9、iosh)“在前面(qin mian),先前,前面”:foreword(前言), forecast(预报), foretell(预言), foresee(预见), foreknow(先知), foreknowledge(先知)mid- 表示“中,中间”:midnight, midsummer, mid-day, mid-autumn(中秋节)post- 表示“在后,后”:postwar(战后的,战后时期), postgraduate(研究生), postdate(事后日期,推迟日期)pre- 表示“在前,事先,预先”:preheat(预先加热), prewar, prehistory(史前),
10、 preview(预习), prebattle, prepay(预付)re- 表示“再一次,重新”: retell(复述), rewrite, renew(续借), reconsider(重新考虑), reuse, remarry, recycle(再生,回收利用), rebuild(重建,改造) 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀:by- 表示“副,次要的”:byproduct(副产品), bywork(副业)extra- 表示“超越,额外”:extraordinary(非凡的,特别的)over- 表示“超过,过度,太”:overeat(吃过多), oversleep(睡过头), overprais
11、e(过奖), overwork, overact(行为过分), overdo(夸张,做得过分)under- 表示“低劣,低下”:undersize(尺寸不足), undergrown(发育不全的), underproduction(生产不足)vice- 表示“副,次”:vice-president, vice chairman,vice-monitor 表示共同,相等意思的前缀:co- 表示“共同,一起”:coexist(共同生存), co-operate, co-worker, coactions(合作行动), coauthor(合作作者) 表示某种状态,构成形容词、副词或动词:a- afr
12、aid, alive, alone, asleep, ashamed, aloud, ahead, aside, alike, awake 表示分离,离开意思的前缀:a- 表示“分离,离开”:away, apartde- 表示“离去,处去”:depart, decolour 表示“自我”:self- self-protect(ion), self-made, self-knowledge 表示变换词类作用的前缀:be- befrienden- enslave(束缚;征服), enable(使能够), enrich(使充实,使肥沃,使富足), enlarge(扩大,使增大), encourage
13、(鼓励) 表示数量关系的前缀:a. 表示“单一”,“一”:uni- uniform(统一服装), unicellular(单细胞)b. 表示“二,两,双”:bi- bicycle(cycle循环,周期)twi- twilight(昏暗的,黎明)c. 表示“半,一半”:semi- semiconductor(半导体), semicircle(半圆), semimonthly(半月刊), semifinal(半决赛)d. 表示“百,百分之一”: centi- centimetere. 表示“千,千分之一”:kilo- kilometer, kilogram, kilowattf. 表示“微小”:m
14、icro- microvolt(微伏特), microcomputer(微机), microscope(显微镜)g. 表示“许多,复,多数”:multi- multimedia(多媒体), multicolored, multiform, multinaturalh. 表示(biosh)“千分之一、毫”: milli- millimeter, milligrami. 表示(biosh)“微小(wixio)、微型”:mini- minibus, miniskirt, minipark(2)后缀 名词后缀:a. 具有某种职业或动作的人:-an, -ian, -ician 表示“地方的人,精通的人”
15、:American, Asian, Australian, Russian, Italian , historian(历史学家), librarian(图书管理员), electricia(电工)n, magician(魔术师), technician, musician, politician(政客)-ant,-ent 表示“人”:merchant, servant(仆人,佣人), assistant, agent, student,-ee 表示“动作承受者”:employee(雇员), examinee(应试者), payee(收款人), interviewee-eer 表示“从事于人”:
16、engineer, volunteer(志愿者)-er 表示“从事某种职业的人, 某地区,地方的人”:banker, observer, Londoner, villager singer, driver, writer, speaker, traveller, buyer -or 表示“者”:author, doctor, operator, actor, visitor, inventor, educator-ar, -ary 表示“的人, 从事的人”:scholar, liar, beggar, secretary, missionary-ese 表示“ 国人,地方的人”:Chinese
17、, Japanese, Cantonese(广东人)-ess 表示“阴性人称名词”:actress(女演员), hostess(女主人), manageress(女经理)-ist 表示“从事研究者,信仰主义者”:pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist, socialist, typist, receptionist-icist 表示“家, 者, 能手”:physicist(物理学家), phoneticist(语音学家), technicist(技术师)-logist 表示“学家,研究者”:biologist(生物学家), geologist(
18、地质学家)b. 构成具有抽象名词的含义:-age 表示“状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称”:courage, storage, marriage, percentage-al 表示“事物的动作,过程”:refusal(拒绝), arrival, survival(幸存), denial(否认), approval(批准,认可,赞成), trial(实验)-ance, -ence 表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”:importance, distance, avoidance(逃避,废止), appearance, performance(性能,绩效,表演), difference, o
19、bedience(顺从,服从), presence(出席,参加), existence-ancy, -ency 表示“性质,状态,行为,过程”:frequency(频繁), urgency(紧急), efficiency(高效率),-ity 表示“性质,状态,程度”:purity(纯度(化学), reality, equality(平等)-bility 表示“动作,性质,状态”:ability, possibility, probability, responsibility-dom 表示“等级,领域,状态”:freedom, kingdom(王国,界), wisdom(智慧,才智)-ery,
20、 -ry 表示“行为,状态,习性,性质”:bravery(勇敢,勇气), slavery(奴役)-hood 表示“资格,身份, 年纪,状态”:childhood, girlhood(少女时期), boyhood(少年时代), manhood(男子气概)-ice 表示“行为,性质,状态”:notice, justice(司法), service-ing 表示“动作的过程,结果”:building, writing, learning-ion, -ation, -ition, -sion 表示“行为的过程,结果,状况”:suggestion, action, solution, invention
21、, direction(方向,指导), correction(改正,修正), collection, instruction(指令,指示), destruction (破坏), introduction, congratulation , dictation(听写,口述), invitation(邀请), pronunciation, examination, graduation, operation, education, information, translation, starvation(饿死,绝食), satisfaction, relation, determination(决
22、心,果断), preparation, imagination, explanation(说明,解释), opposition(反对), competition(竞赛,比赛), description, decision, division(除法), conclusion, impression(印象), expression(表达,表示), admission(承认), permission(允许,许可), discussion-ment 表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果”:disappointment(失望), treatment, movement, judgment, punish
23、ment, argument, agreement(协议), government, development, improvement(改进,改善), requirement(要求,必要条件), encouragement-ness 表示(biosh)“性质,状态(zhungti),程度”:goodness(adj,善良(shn lin),精华), kindness, tiredness, friendliness(友谊), business, illness, happiness(幸福), willingness(乐意,心甘情愿), weakness, fairness(公平)-ism 表示
24、“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为”:socialism(社会主义), criticism(批评), heroism(英勇), tourism, communism(共产主义) , Marxism(马克思主义)-ship 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”:hardship(困苦,苦难), relationship, membership (资格,会员身份), friendship, ownership(所有权), scholarship(奖学金),-th, 表示“动作,性质,过程,状态”:strength, length, width, depth, wealth, truth, gro
25、wth, warmth(温暖), youth-ure 表示“行为,结果”:exposure(暴露), pressure(压力), failure, procedure(手续), mixture-craft 表示“工艺”:aircraft, needlecraft, woodcraftc. 带有场所,地方的含义:-age 表示“住所,地点”:village, cottage(小屋,村舍)-ary 表示“住所,场地”:library, granary (谷仓)-ory 表示“工作场所,住处”:factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory(天文台,气象台)
26、形容词后缀:a. 带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义:-able, -ible: movable, comfortable, eatable, enjoyable, acceptable, reasonable, applicable(可适用的), visible(可见物), responsible, terrible(可怕的), horrible(恐怖的)-al: natural, additional(额外的,附加的), educational, national(国家的,国民的)-ant, -ent: distant, important, excellent-ing(表示特征:令人觉得):
27、 moving, touching, daring, interesting, exciting, disappointing , boring, amazing-ed(表示情绪:觉得): pleased, interested, surprised, worried, excited, bored, determined(决定了的,果断的), delighted(高兴的,欣喜的)-ish: foolish, bookish(出本上的,好读书的), selfish-ive: active, impressive(感人的,令人钦佩的), decisive(决定性的,果断的), active,ex
28、pensive, progressive(改革的,进步的)b. 表示“相象,类似”的含义:-ish: boyish, childish(幼稚的,孩子去的)-like: manlike(有男子气概的,像男子的), childlike(天真浪漫的,像孩子的)-some: troublesome(麻烦的,讨厌的), handsome-y: milky, cloudy sunny, windy, rainy, foggy(有雾的,模糊的), healthy, wealthy, worthy, bloody(血腥的), funny, dirty, lucky, noisy, salty, smelly(
29、发臭的), hilly(丘陵的,陡的)-ly: manly, fatherly, motherly, sisterly, brotherly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly, friendly, lonely, orderly, lovely(可爱的,令人愉快的), lively(活泼的,生动的), likely(很可能的), scholarly(博学的,学着风度的)c. 表示“充分的”含义:-ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful, harmful, useful,
30、 careful, forgetful, merciful(仁慈的,宽容的)-ous: dangerous, courageous(有胆量的,勇敢的), nervous(紧张不安的), mountainous(多山的), humorous(诙谐的,幽默的), various(各种各样的)d. 表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义:-en: wooden, golden, woolen(羊毛的)e. 表示方向的含义:-ern: eastern, western, southern, northern, southeastern, northwestern-ward: downward(向下的),
31、 forwardf. 表示“数量关系”的含义:-teen: thirteen-ty: fifty-th: fourth, fiftiethg. 表示(biosh)国籍,语种,宗教的含义:-an: Roman, European-ese: Chinese, Japanese-ish: English, Spanishh. 表示(biosh)否定:-less: countless(无数(wsh)的,数不尽的), stainless(不锈的), wireless, useless, endless(无止境的,连续的), priceless(无价的,贵重的), hopeless 动词后缀:-ize,
32、ise 表示“做成,变成,化”:modernize(现代化), democratize(民主化), organize, apologize, realize-en 表示“使成为,引起,使有”:quicken,(加快) weaken, soften, harden(变硬,变坚强)-fy 表示“使化, 使成”:beautify, purify(净化), intensify, signify, simplify(简化), satisfy 副词后缀:-ly: possibly, swiftly(很快地), simply(简单地)-ward(s): downward, inwards(向内地), upw
33、ard(向上地,上升地)-ways: always, sideways(向侧面的,一旁的) -wise: otherwise(另外的,否则,adj,adv), clockwise(顺时针方向地)注意:有的单词有双重后缀,如:use(用途)useless(无用的)uselessness(无用)self(自己)selfish(自私的)selfishness(自私)有的单词则是前后缀同时使用,如:importantimportanceunimportance regular(有规律的,有规则的)irregular(无规律的,不规则的)irregularity(无规律,不规则)2合成法(1)合 成 名
34、 词构成方式例词名词名词weekend周末名词动词daybreak黎明名词动名词handwriting书法名词及物动词erorpain-killer止痛药名词介词名词editor-in-chief总编辑动词名词typewriter打字机动名词名词reading-room阅览室现在分词名词flying-fish飞鱼形容词名词gentleman绅士副词动词outbreak爆发介词名词afternoon下午代词名词she-wolf母狼 boyfriend, girlfriend, bus-driver, playground, radioactive(放射性的), headmaster(校长), s
35、unshine, notebook, armchair(扶手椅), wheelchair(轮椅), postcard(明信片), football, spaceship, blackboard, firefighter(消防队员), fireman, gateman(看门人,售票员), chairman(主席,会长), weatherman, businessman, armyman(军人), postman, sportsman, bedroom, reading-room, classroom, newspaper, pickpocket(扒手), she-goat(雌性山羊), edit
36、or-in-chief(主编), daybreak(破晓), handshake(握手), silkworm(蚕), outbreak(爆发)(2)合 成 形 容 词构成方式例词名词形容词snow-white雪白的名词现在分词English-speaking讲英语的brainwashing(洗脑的)名词to名词face-to-face面对面的名词过去分词man-made人造的homemade数词名词one-way单行的数词名词形容词two-year-old两岁的数词名词edfive-storeyed五层的four-legged(四条腿的动词副词see-through透明的形容词名词high-c
37、lass高级的形容词名词edkind-hearted, cold-blooded形容词形容词light-blue浅蓝色的形容词现在分词good-looking相貌好看的副词形容词ever-green常青的副词现在分词hard-working勤劳的副词过去分词well-known著名的newly-built副词名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的介词名词downhill下坡的由三个词构成(guchng)的合成形容词: heart-to-heart, two-year-old, eight-metre-long其他(qt)合成形容词:everyday(日常(rchng)的), faraway(
38、遥远的), snow-white(雪白的), lay-off(下岗的)(3)合 成 动 词构成方式例词名词动词sleep-walk梦游形容词动词white-wash粉刷副词动词overthrow推翻(4)合 成 副 词构成方式例词形容词名词hotfoot匆忙地形容词副词everywhere到处副词副词however尽管如此介词名词beforehand事先介词副词forever永远(5)合 成 代 词构成方式例词代词宾格selfherself她自己物主代词selfmyself我自己形容词名词anything任何东西(6)合 成 介 词构成方式例词副词名词inside在里面介词副词within在之
39、内副词介词into进入3转化(zhunhu)法(1)名词(mng c)动词(dngc) hand(手传递)back(背部,后面支持,后退)charge(费用收费)copy(抄本,复印件抄写,复印)flood(洪水淹没)heat(热量加热)paint(油漆刷漆)phone(电话打电话)pin(别针装订) waste(废物浪费)face(脸面对)use(用途使用)interest(兴趣使兴趣)surprise(惊讶使惊讶)taste(味道品尝)smell(气味闻)break(短暂休息折断)present(礼物赠送)(2)形容词动词clean(干净使干净,打扫)clear(清楚清理)dirty(脏弄
40、脏)dry(干燥烘干,晒干)empty(空的倒空)free(自由使自由,释放)slow(慢的放慢)warm(暖和使暖和)cool(凉的冷却)quiet(安静使安静)4.截短法(缩略法)截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1)截头telephonephone aeroplaneplane omnibusbus 2)去尾mathematicsmaths co-operateco-opexaminationexam kilogramkilolaboratorylab taxicabtaxi3)截头去尾influenzaflurefrigeratorfridge
41、prescriptionscript5.混合法(混成法)混合法,即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性。news broadcastnewscast新闻广播television broadcasttelecast电视播送smoke and fogsmog烟雾helicopter airportheliport直升飞机场6.首尾(shuwi)字母缩略法首尾(shuwi)字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。very important personVIP (读字母(zm)音)要人;大人物telev
42、isionTV (读字母音)电视Testing of English as a Foreign LanguageTOEFL托福练习动词变名词work_(工作者) sing_(歌手) teach_(教师) drive_(司机) write_(作家) dance_(舞蹈家)win_(获胜者) run_(赛跑者) swim_(游泳者)act_(演员) collect_(收藏家) direct_(主管)visit_(参观者) invent_(发明家) translate_(翻译家)educate_(教育) describe_(描述) predit_(预言)collect_(收藏) invent_(发明
43、) build_(建筑物)mean_(意思) meet_(会议) cross_(路口)turn_(转弯处) decide_(决定) die_(死亡)fly_(飞行) know_(知识) please_(高兴)pronounce_(发音) mix_(混合物)please_(令人高兴的)_(感到高兴的) surprise_(令人惊讶的的) _(感到惊讶的)excite_(令人兴奋的) _(感到兴奋的) interest_(令人感兴趣的)_( 感兴趣的)worry_(令人担忧的) _(感到担忧的)amaze, annoy, bore, disappoint, embarrass, frustrate
44、, relax, terrify, thrill, tire等形容词的变化。A: 形容词变副词。quick_( ) strong_( ) heavy_( ) angry_( ) happy_( ) lucky_( ) healthy_( ) noisy_( ) usual_( ) careful_( ) real_( ) successful_( ) terrible_( ) possible_( ) B: 形容词变名词。Kind_( )happy_( )ill_( ) safe_( )confident_( )important_( )different_( )true_( )high_(
45、)巩固练习1. That man was _enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A. care B. carefulC. carelessD. carelessness2. The soldier died for saving the child,so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. dieB. deadC. diedD. death3. The child looked _at his brother who was badly wounded.A. sadlyB. sa
46、dnessC. saddlyD. sad4. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a _.A. chemistryB. chemical C. chemistD. physician5.The three- _chair isnt suitable for a young child. He may fall off.A. leggingB. leggedC. legsD. leged6. Stephenson became the_railway engineer in the world.A. lead B. leaderC. lea
47、dingD. leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked_about at his classmates.A. proudB. proudlyC. prideD. pridely8.To everyones _,the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfied B. satisfactory C. satisfyingD. satisfaction9.What are you doing here?Oh,my tea
48、cher asked me to write a passage about _in English.You can write_passage in English?A. 600 words;a 600-words B. 600-word;a 600-wordsC. 600 words;a 600-word D. 600 words;a 600-words10. No one should enter the spot without the_of the police.A. permit B. permission C. permittingD. permittence11. You mu
49、st come with us to the police _.Our head is waiting for you.A. headquartersB. headline C. headmasterD. headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it _.A. intendB. intention C. intentionally D. intentional13. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a_smile.A. practiceB. practis
50、e C. practicalD. practiced14. The_ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A. judgerB. judgment C. judgeD. judgement15. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the_news about Iraq War? A. lately B. latest C. later D. latter16. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in _.A. longerB. length C. longD. longing17.To my _,I passed the exam easily.A. joyB. joyful C. joyless D. joyne
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2024全新农业职业农民培训合同范本下载3篇
- 2024银行借款合同范本
- 2024年度工程监理招投标合同2篇
- 2024年度微信小程序商城竞争对手分析合同3篇
- 2024年度企事业单位保洁临时工劳动合同规范文本2篇
- 鸡饲料购销合同范例
- 锌钢护栏合同范例
- 实验装置制作合同范例
- 2024团体人寿保险合同
- 2024新版工地施工合同样式
- 6《我们神圣的国土 好山好水好风光》(教学设计)-2024-2025学年道德与法治五年级上册统编版
- 2025年公务员考试时政专项测验100题及答案
- 【泰禾房地产集团偿债能力探析案例报告(定量论文)7800字】
- 语文第15课《梅岭三章》课件 2024-2025学年统编版语文七年级上册
- 岩体力学与工程智慧树知到答案2024年合肥工业大学
- 2025届高考数学复习 函数导数 备考策略分析课件
- 科室VTE工作总结课件
- 二年级上册数学教案-小小测量员 (2)-西师大版
- 《2023-2024中国区块链发展年度报告》
- 六年级上册美术说课稿 -第7课《 变化多样的脸谱》桂美版(广西版)
- 人教版七年级数学上册3.4 第3课时《 球赛积分表问题》说课稿1
评论
0/150
提交评论