2019届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习(11)阅读理解推理判断

1、阅读理解：推理判断（一）AIfyouarelikemoststudents,youprobablysitstillwhilelearninganewlanguage.However,sittingstillmaynotalwaysbethebestwaytolearn.Englishlearnerscanimprovetheirlanguageskillsthroughmovement,saysTamaraJones.SheworksattheEnglishLanguageCenteratHowardCommunityCollegeinMaryland.So,whatistherelation

2、shipbetweenphysicalmovementandthebrain?Theideaisthatthebrainandthebodyarejoinedtogether.Thismeansthatoneaffectstheother.Manypeoplearefamiliarwiththeideathatthebraintellsthebodytomove.Andmanypeoplearefamiliarwiththeideathatrepeatinganactionoverandoveragainhelpsyourbraintoremember.However,someresearch

3、,suchasastudybyMorsellaandKrauss,suggeststhatyourbodymighthelpyourbraintofindmemories.Specifically,movementswemakewithourbody,suchashandgestures,mayhelpustorememberandusethecorrectwords.Thisideaispartofthereasonwhyexpertsonlearningstrategies,whicharewaystoimprovethelearningprocess,suggestusingmoveme

4、nts.Onelearningapproach,theCognitiveAcademicLanguageLearningApproach,orCALLA,callstheuseofmovements“UsingYourKinesthetic(动觉的)Sense”Beyondhelpingthebraintofindmemories,movementsalsoaidinlearning,saysTamaraJones.“Theresalotofresearchthatsuggestswhatyoudowithyourbody,yourememberwithyourbrain.Andalso,al

5、otofthesephysicalmovementswillencourageusinclassorinlife,whenwearepracticingonourown,torepeatandrepeatandrepeatthewordaswearedoingthephysicalmovement,andthisalsohelpsusremembertheword.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，动起来有益于语言学习，也就是说大脑和肢体的结合有助于语言技能的提高。1WhydoestheauthorrefertoMorsellaandKrauss?ATomeasuretheirachie

6、vement.BToproveJonesopinionright.CTointroducethethemeofthepassage.DTopresentacommonlyheldidea.解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Englishlearnerscanimprovetheirlanguageskillsthroughmovement”以及第三段中的“astudybyMorsellaand1Krauss,suggeststhatyourbodymighthelpyourbraintofindmemories.andusethecorrectwords.”可知，Morsella和Kr

7、auss的观点是肢体可能有助于人们找寻记忆，记起并准确地使用单词，与文章首段中TamaraJones的观点是一致的。因此作者提到这两个人是为了证明TamaraJones的观点是正确的。故选B项。2Howcanphysicalmovementsaffectoneslearning?AByshorteningtherepeatingprocess.BBymotivatingthebraintorememberthings.CByhelpingonetostudyinarelaxedstate.DByenablingonetouseadvancedwords.解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的

8、“movementswemakewithourbody,suchashandgestures,mayhelpustorememberandusethecorrectwords”并结合最后一段的内容可知，肢体运动有助于刺激大脑进行记忆，由此可知选项B正确。3WhichstatementmayTamaraJonesagreewith?AKnowledgestartswithpractice.BThebodycancontrolthebraindeeply.CMovementshelpthebrainworkbetter.DLanguagelearnersmustbemoreactive.解析：选C

9、细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容，尤其是“Beyondhelpingthebraintofindmemories,movementsalsoaidinlearning”可知，TamaraJones的观点应是身体运动能帮助大脑更好地工作，有助于提高英语学习者的语言技能。因此选项C正确。4Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphmean?APracticingEnglishonyourown.BSpeakingthewordagainandagain.CGraspinganeffectivelearningstrategy.DRepeat

10、ingwordswhilemovingyourbody.解析：选D代词指代题。根据最后一段中的“torepeatandrepeatandrepeatthewordaswearedoingthephysicalmovement,andthisalsohelpsusremembertheword”可知，this指代的应是最后一个and前的内容，即当我们在做身体运动时不断地重复单词。故选D项。BIamanEnglishdictionary.Icanstillrememberthedaymyexownerboughtme.Hehadstoodinfrontoftheshelfforaroundhalf

11、anhourbeforefinallypickingme.Originally,hechosemyneighbor.Butbecauseshehadsomeinkonthecover,2heputherdownandchosemeinstead.(Imaysoundarrogant(傲慢的).Butpleaseforgiveme.Iamsoproudofmyvocabulary.With100,000entriesand300,000examples,Ithinknoscholarcanbemoreknowledgeablethanme.MyonlyweaknessisthatIcantspe

12、ak.Butthatisnotmyfault.Iwasnotdesignetospeakinthefirstplace.Myexownerwassupposedtoreadthephoneticsymbols音标)clearlyprintedbesideeachword,whichwerealsomysellingpoint.Ishouldhavebeenrespectedbuthaveendeduplyingnexttoapieceofusedtoiletpaperinsidetherubbishbin.Itisallbecauseoftheelectronicdictionary.Heis

13、abadguybecausehetakesadvantageofmyweakness.AndIjustdontunderstandwhyhecanbesoslim.Healsohasabout100,000entriesbut450,000examples!ButIknowthiswasnotthereasonwhymyexownerwasattracted,forhewasnotaverydiligentstudentandseldomreadtheexampleslisted.Themainreasonwasthatthebadguyhadsomanygamesinhim.Myexowne

14、ralwayspretendedtobeworkinghardwhileactuallyhewasplayinggames.MyexownerputmeonhisbookshelfbecauseofmyawesomeEnglishnameAdvancedEnglishDictionaryHewantedpeopletothinkthathewasanadvancedlearner.Iwantedtotellhimthatitwouldbebetterifhehidthecomicbookstandingnexttome.But,youknow,Icantspeak.Istoodtherefor

15、years.Iwassobored.SoItalkedtothecomicbooknexttome.Undernormalcircumstances,IwouldnthavetalkedtohimbecauseIwaseducatedandhewasnot.ButwhoelsecouldIchoose?Hetoldmethatmyexownerhadreadhimonceonlyandthenputhimthere.Iwasupsetbecausehehadneverreadmefrompageonetopage1,000.WasInotabetterbookthanthecomicbook?

16、IwantedtochallengehishonestybutbeforeIdidso,hewasthrownaway.Igiveup.Mypagesareabsorbingwastewater.Thereisnowaypeoplewillusemeagain.Suddenly,Iwanttotalktothecomicbook.Wouldhetalktomeifwemet?篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章以第一人称和拟人的写作手法，生动地记叙了一本高级英语词典的经历。1Whydoesthedictionarythinkthattheelectronicdictionaryisa“badguy

17、”?AItcontainsmorewordsandexamples.BItcanactuallypronouncethewords.CIthasasmallersize.DIthasmanygames.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Heisabadguybecausehetakesadvantageofmyweakness.”可知，这本词典认为电子词典是个坏家伙，因为电子词典利用了它的弱点。联系第二段第五句“MyonlyweaknessisthatIcantspeak.”可知，这本词典的唯一弱点是不会发声。也就是说因为电子词典能读出单词，所以这本词典把它3称为一个坏家伙。故选B。2Th

18、edictionarythinksthatitsexownerputitonthebookshelfbecausehe_.AthoughtthatitcouldmatchthecomicbookBwantedhisfriendstostudyEnglishCjustwantedtoshowoffDhadtouseitsometimes.答案：C推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“MyexownerputmeonhisbookshelfbecauseofmyawesomeEnglishnameAdvancedEnglishDictionaryHewantedpeopletothinkthathew

19、asanadvancedlearner.”可知，这本词典的前主人把它放在书架上只是为了炫耀。故选C。3Whatwasthedictionarysattitudetowardthecomicbookstandingnexttoit?AItwantedtomakefriendswithhim.BItrespectedhim.CItlookeddownuponhim.DIthatedhim.答案：C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“IwouldnthavetalkedtohimbecauseIwaseducatedandhewasnot”(我本不会和漫画书说话的，因为我受过教育而它没有)和“WasIn

20、otabetterbookthanthecomicbook？”(难道比起这本漫画书来，我不是一本更好的书吗)可知，这本词典很轻视漫画书。故选C。4Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?AAdictionaryisreplacedwithanelectroniconeBStudentsseldomusedictionariesCAdictionaryandacomicbookDTheexperienceofadictionary答案：D标题判断题。阅读短文可知，这篇文章以第一人称讲述了一本词典的经历。故选项D最适合作本文标题。CAlbertEin

21、steinhadagreateffectonscienceandhistory,andhisachievementwasevengreaterthanonlyafewothergreatscientistshaveachieved.AnAmericanuniversitypresidentoncesaidthatEinsteinhadmadeanewoutlook,anewviewoftheuniverse.Itmaybesometimebeforetheaveragemindunderstandsfullytheidentity(特性)oftimeandspaceandsoonbuteven

22、ordinarymennowunderstandthattheuniverseissomethinglargerthaneverthoughtbefore.By1914youngEinsteinhadbeenworldfamous.HeacceptedtheoffertobecomeaprofessoratthePrussianAcademyofScienceinBerlin.Hehadfewduties,little4teachingandunlimitedchancesforstudy,butsoonhispeaceandquietnesswerebrokenbyWorldWar.Eins

23、teinhatedfightingandkilling.Thegreatsufferingofwaraffectedhimdeeply,andhesatunhappilyinhisofficedoinglittle.Helostinterestinhisresearch.Onlywhenpeacecamein1918washeabletogetbacktowork.IntheyearfollowingWorldWarI,honourswereincreasinglyputonhim.HebecameheadoftheKaiserWhihemInstituteofTheoreticalPhysi

24、cs.Buthehimselfrefusedtheefforttoputhiminapositionfaraboveotherpeople.Hewaswellknownforhishumble(谦逊的)manner.Heoftensaidthathissuccesswouldcertainlyhavebeenachievedbyothersifhehadneverlived.In1921hewontheNobelPrize,andhewashonouredinGermanyuntiltheriseofNazism(纳粹)whenhewasdrivenfromGermanybecausehewa

25、saJew.篇章导读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章简要介绍了著名科学家爱因斯坦的事迹，及其对科学和历史产生的巨大影响及其重大贡献。1Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis_.AthedifficultyofEinsteinsthoughttoothersBthefeelingofanAmericanuniversitypresidenttowardsEinsteinCthedifferencebetweenscienceandhistoryDthechangeinhumanthoughtproducedbyEinstein答案：D段落大意题。第一段讲述了爱因斯坦对科学和历

26、史产生了巨大影响，同时也使人们的思想产生了巨大的变化。2ItseemstotheAmericanuniversitypresidentthat_.AEinsteinachievedmorethananyotherscientistinhistoryBeverybodyunderstandsEinsteinsscientificideasCthenewviewoftheuniversecanbequicklylearnedbyeveryoneDourideasabouttheuniversearedifferenttodaybecauseofEinstein答案：D推理判断题。由第一段最后一句可

27、知，爱因斯坦的理论使人们对宇宙的看法发生了转变。3Einsteindidhisgreatestwork_.AwhenNazismroseBwhenhewasyoungCduringWorldWarDafterheleftEurope答案：B推理判断题。由第三段和最后一段可知爱因斯坦在一战和纳粹时期，几乎没有正常工作，排除A项和C项；本文也没有讲述他离开欧洲以后的科研情况，排除D项；由第二段第一句和最后一段第一句可知，B项所述正确。4Fromthepassagewecanknowthat_.AGermansusuallyhaveahighrespectforscienceBEinsteinhad

28、otherinterestsbesidesscience5CEinsteinwasforcedtoworkagainin1918DEinsteinledaquietlifeduringWorldWar答案：A推理判断题。由第四段中的第一、三句及最后一段中的“hewashonouredinGermany”可知，德国人民尊敬爱因斯坦，尊敬科学。B项文中未提及；C、D两项与文意不符。DDoyoustillrememberyourfavoritepoemfromhighschoolorsomeotherimportantperiodsinyourlife?Whyisitthatdecadeslater

29、itstillstandsoutinyourmind?Probablythemainreasonisthatsomeaspectofthatpoemresonates(引起共鸣)withyou.Inthesameway,youtooasaschoolleadercantouchtheheartsofyourstaffandstudents.Poetryallowsustoexperiencestrongspiritualconnectionstothingsaroundusandtothepast.Thus,itcaninspirewhateverandwhomeverittouches.Th

30、epowerthatpoetryhasdisplayedovertimeandacrossculturesactuallysatisfiesthis_common_needofthehumanheartandsoul.Asoneoftheoldestartforms,poetryhassuccessfullyconnectedvariousstrandsofhumanity(人性)fromonegenerationtoanother.Referringtopoetry,Hillyermakesasimpleyetmeaningfulstatement,“Withthiskeymankindun

31、lockedhisheart.”Schoolleaderscanfindandmakeuseofthevalueofpoetryforthemselves,theirstudentsandtheirstaffmembers.Beyondthesimpleuseofpoetry,techniquesofpoetrysuchasmetaphors,repetitionsandimagerycanbeusedtotakeadvantageofthepoweroflanguagetotransformcommunication,createmeaningandacultureofcareandatte

32、ntion.Sinceschoolsaremainlyaboutpeopleandrelationships,schoolleaders,likepoets,arerequiredtoinspireandencouragethehumanheart.Theuseofpoetryorevenofsometechniquesofpoetryinschoolleadershipnotonlyhelpstoimprovecommunication,butalsoservestomeetthehumanneedforinspiration.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章作者通过阐释诗歌的价值和精神力量

33、，鼓励学校领导将诗歌的力量转化到学校管理中。1Whoisthepassagemainlyfor?AStudents.CSchoolleaders.BSchoolteachers.DPoets.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句的“youtooasaschoolleader”可知，本文主要是写给学校领导的。2Accordingtothepassage,somepoemsareunforgettablemainlybecause_.Atheyareeasytounderstand6BtheyusuallytelltruestoriesCtheycaninspirepeoplesimaginat

34、ionDtheycantouchpeopleshearts答案：D推理判断题。根据第一段的后两句话可知，有些诗之所以让人难忘是因为它们的某些方面能够引起人们的共鸣，同样，学校领导也可以触动自己的职员和学生的心灵。由此可知其主要原因是这些诗歌可能触动人们的心灵。3Theunderlinedpart“thiscommonneed”inthesecondparagraphrefersto_.AtheneedtoreadpoetryBtheneedtobeinspiredCtheneedtolearnaboutthepastDtheneedtobeconnectedwithotherpeople答案：

35、B推理判断题。根据第二段第二句的“.itcaninspirewhateverandwhomeverittouches.”以及文章末句中的“.servestomeetthehumanneedforinspiration.”可知，这种共同的需要是指inspiration。EThissummer,IwaspartofsomethingthatIhavecarriedwithmeeverydaysince.Anexperiencechangedmylife.TheKentuckyYMCAhasaprogramcalledYCorps,whichareservicetripsofaround20stud

36、ents.Thissummer,twotripsweremadeacrossKentucky,onedownsouthandtheothertripupnorth.IwasontheYCorpsServicetotheNorthinIndianapolis,Indiana,andourtripbeganattheendofJuly.IhadbutterfliesflyingaroundmeasmyparentsdrovemetoLouisville,wheretheServicetotheNorthteamwouldsetoffonaninedayjourneyinaschoolbus.Ikn

37、ewsomeoftheteammembersfrompreviousYConferences,butthereweremanythatIhadnevermet,andIhadneverparticipatedinaservicetriplikethisbefore.ThoughIwasnervous,Iwasalsoreadytotrysomethingcompletelyoutofmycomfortzone.Onceweloadedthebuswithourlightlypackedsuitcasesandsleepingbags,wesaidourgoodbyestoourparentsa

38、nddepartedforanadventurethatchangedallofourlives.(WiththeKentuckyYsmotto:“Participate,dontanticipate”，wehadnoideawherewewereheaded.Roadsignswereouronlyclueofwherewewouldbestopping.WedidserviceworkataMiddleWayHouseinIndiana,aDetroitMarketGarden,aPennsylvaniaYMCAforaninvasive侵略性的)speciescleanup,theUpp

39、erMainLineYinPennsylvaniatospendtimewithchildrenatasummercamp,aHurricaneSandycleanupinJerseyShoreandtheNationalMallinWashingtonDC.WesleptonfloorsoflocalYMCAsthatwouldtakeusinforanight,andsomenightswedidnthavetheopportunitytoshower.Wehadlatenightsontheroaddrivingfromcitytocity,andearlymorningstostart

40、thedayjournalingandreflectingontheday7before.Thoughwewerephysicallytiredfromthehardwork,westillenjoyedthetimetoexperiencethecultureoftheareaswewerein.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者参加去美国北部城市印第安纳波利斯的义务服务旅行的情况，作者认为此次行程虽然辛苦却很有意义，令人难忘。1Fortheauthor,theServicetotheNorthis_.AterrifyingCunforgettableBexhaustingDamus

41、ing答案：C推理判断题。根据本文第一句话中的“Ihavecarriedwithmeeverydaysince”和最后一段中的“westillenjoyedthetime.wewerein”可知，暑假的服务行程对于作者来说是令人难忘的。故选C。2WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3?A.Thememberswereclearaboutwheretogoandwheretostop.BTheauthorhadtakenpartinsuchkindofservicebeforethisone.CTheauthorgotnervousbutwaswill

42、ingtofacesomethinguncomfortable.DTheteamhelpedcleanuptheinvasivespeciesinJerseyShore.答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ThoughIwasnervous，Iwasalsoreadytotrysomethingcompletelyoutofmycomfortzone.”可知，作者虽然紧张，但还是准备尽力面对一些令自己觉得有挑战性的事。故选C。3Wecanconcludefromthethirdparagraphthat_.Athetripwasjampackedwithhardworkandculturale

43、xperiencesBtheywerephysicallyexhaustedanddidntenjoythehardworkCtheyusuallyhadlittledifficultyinfindingrightdirectionDtheteamdidnthavetheopportunitytohaveashower答案：A推理判断题。此段主要描述了作者此次服务旅行中的辛苦活动及其对当地风俗文化的体验，故可以推知A项“行程排满了辛苦的服务工作，同时也有丰富的文化体验”符合题意。4Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?AService

44、totheNorth:anunforgettableadventureBAbeautiful,breathtakingbuttiringadventureCAmeaningfulsummervacationDYCorps:twoservicetrips答案：A标题判断题。根据首段以及全文内容可以得知，本文主要叙述了作者去美国北部印第安纳波利斯的一次令人难忘的义务服务旅行的情况，故选A。FBessieColemanBorninTexas,ColemanmovedtoChicagotofindajob,butshebecameinterestedinthestoriessheheardfrompi

45、lotsreturningfromWorldWar.However,herrace8U(种族)andhergender(性别)keptheroutofflightschoolsintheS.,soshemadeherwaytoFrancewhereshecouldlearnflying.WhenshereturnedtoChicago,Colemanhaddifficultyfindingjobs,soshechosetobeastunt特技)pilot.ShewasthefirstblackfemalepilotintheUS.andwasaninspirationtoearlypilots

46、andtoAfricanAmericansandNativeAmericans.BessicaRaicheBessicaRaichedroveacar,shotgunsandpracticedmedicine.Besides,shewasanaccomplishedartistandmusician.ButonOct.13,1910,RaichebecamethefirstAmericanwomantomakeaflightinanaircraftbyherself.Raichesaviationcareer(航空职业)wasshort,asshemovedtoSouthernCaliforniatofocusonhercareerinmedicine,laterbecomingpresidentoftheOrangeCountyMedicalAssociation