2020-2021学年高中新北师大版英语选择性必修第一册UNIT2Period4Lesson-3课件

1、UNIT 2SUCCESSPeriod FourLesson 3课前自主预习1_n条目2_adj.学术的3_vt.糟蹋；毁坏4_vt.不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走5_adj.戒备的，自卫的6_n基本部分；要素7_n强度；强烈entryacademicruinskipdefensiveelementintensity重点单词8_adj.无数的，数不尽的 9_vt.租用10_n铁人三项运动员11_v(使)沸腾，煮沸12_adj.巨大的，庞大的13_n长度14_n(英式)橄榄球countlesshiretriathleteboilenormouslengthrugby15_adj.&adv.分开；

2、 散开16_n舞台；月台17_adj.受伤的18_adj.杰出的，优秀的19_adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n平均水平；平均数20_adj.正常的，平常的apartplatforminjuredoutstandingaveragenormal1放弃_2担心_3不再_4在危险中_5在的基础上_重点词块give upbe worried aboutno longerin dangeron abasis6归结为；要点是_7待在家中，不外出_8独自地_9过着极端的生活_10把区别开来_11致力于_12争取，努力获得_boil down to sth.stay inon ones ownlive one

3、s life to extremessetapart frombe committed tostrive for13获得成功，取得进步_14关注_15愿意做某事_16专心致志于某事_17除之外_get aheadfocus onbe willing to do sth.apply oneself to sth.apart from1(P36)I _ angry or defensive. 我原本可以变得愤怒或急于辩解。【答案】could have become重点句式2(P36)I _ in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rathe

4、r than go out and play.我会在午餐时间待在家里，只是为了提前完成课堂作业，而不是出去玩。【答案】would stay3(P37)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, _ it is Im applying myself to. 如果你愿意，可以称之为不健康，但我就是这么做的。无论做什么，我都要全力以赴。【答案】no matter what一、判断正误()1The author always goes out to take holidays with her families.()2Most

5、of the authors friends have a good understanding of her.词汇拓讲()3The author suffers from great mental intensity every day.()4The author is a girl with great determination.()5The author thinks she can only succeed by working hard.【答案】15FFTTT二、阅读理解()1Why does the author begin this text with a question?A

6、To show her own puzzle.BTo express her friends worry.CTo explain why she wants to be an athlete.DTo introduce her topic in this text.()2How does the author think of her friends worry?AReasonable.BAggressive.CIncredible. DThoughtful.()3The third paragraph mainly tells us _.Athe authors complaint abou

7、t her friendsBsome common questions a professional athlete faceCthe authors anger with the people around herDthe difficult situations the author is in()4Why does the author mention her experiences in the swimming pool?ATo express her passion in sports.BTo tell us her childhood experiences.CTo suppor

8、t her argument in the paragraph.DTo encourage us to take sports.()5The author wrote this text for the purpose of _.Aexplaining why she should strive for greatnessBtelling us how hard she is training every dayCtelling us her friends worries about herDgiving answers to her friends questions【答案】15DABCA

9、课堂新知讲练1entry n. 条目(P36)Is it from an encyclopedia entry, an academic book or possibly a blog?【翻译】是来自百科全书、学术著作还是博客？词汇拓讲【语言提升】(1)entry n条目；进入；加入； 参赛entry into a place进入某地entry into an organization加入某个组织to be granted/refused entry into the country准予/禁止入境Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and fai

10、led to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead.唐生于明朝，他想当官，但失败了，于是他转而从事绘画。The children were surprised by the sudden entry of their teacher.老师突然进来使孩子们感到意外。 How did the thieves gain entry into the building? 窃贼是怎样进入大楼的？No Entry!禁止入内！Entry to the museum is free.这座博物馆免费参观。 Ther

11、e have been some impressive entries in the wildlife photography section.野生动物摄影部分已有一些极好的参赛作品。 The closing date for entries is 31 March.参赛作品的截止日期是3月31日。 (2)enter vt.& vi. 进入；加入enter a school/college/university考入学校/学院/大学Knock before you enter.先敲门，再进来。One thousand children entered the competition.1,000名

12、孩子报名参加了比赛。(3)entrance n入口处entrance to a place某地的入口处【语境助记】At the entrance, Mr.Li was refused entry into the building, but he was allowed to enter with the hosts permission in the end.在入口处，李先生被拒绝进入大楼，但在主人的允许下，他被允许进入了。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)At last, Mr. Li gained an _(enter) into the Park at the age of fifty.(

13、2)Dressed in rags, the old man was refused entry _ the splendid hotel.(3)At the _(enter), everyone is supposed to show his ticket to check in.(4)He found his ticket lost at the entrance _ the cinema.(5)Due to his shabby clothes, he was not allowed to _(entry) into the hall.【答案】(1)entry(2)into(3)entr

14、ance(4)to(5)enter2ruin vt.糟蹋；毁坏(P36) As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin family holidays and skip nights out, but there is good reason for giving up so much. 【翻译】作为一名奥运运动员，我错过了生日聚会，破坏了家庭假期，也没有晚上出去玩，但我有充分的理由放弃这么多。【语言提升】(1)ruin vt.毁坏，摧毁，严重损害 (它可用来表示毁坏具体的物品，也可用来表示毁坏抽象的东西，如健康、名

15、誉等)；使破产 My wife was ruining her health through worry.忧虑严重损害了我妻子的健康。Roads and bridges have been destroyed and crops have been ruined.道路和桥梁都被破坏了，农作物也全毁了。In one way, he bade fair to ruin us.从某一点上来讲，他倒真的要弄得我们破产。(2)ruin n(U) 毁灭，崩溃，瓦解，没落；破产；灭亡的原因，祸根The vineyards were falling into ruin.这些葡萄园日渐没落。She wasnt

16、going to let her plans go to ruin.她不会让她的计划破产的。He provided against financial ruin by wise investment.他投资有方以防破产。These changes spell ruin for the company.这些变化意味着该公司破产。It was those people who conspired my ruin.就是那些人共同谋划来毁掉我的。(3)ruin n(C)废墟，遗迹，断壁残垣； 残余部分，残存部分。这时，ruin常用复数形式One dead child was found in the

17、ruins almost two hours after the explosion.爆炸发生将近两个小时以后，在废墟中发现了一个已经死亡的小孩。Theres only the mountain in this direction, and higher up an old ruin, an abandoned castle.从这个方向望去只看得到这座山，以及更高处的一处废墟，一座废弃的城堡。He stood very still, staring in at the ruins of his work.他站在那里一动也不动，呆呆地看着他残余的作品。【易混辨析】易混词用法destroy常指对物

18、体毁灭性的、不可修复的破坏；也可指希望、信心的破灭或摧毁damage常指对物体局部的、可以修复的损害，意味着损害后价值或效率降低。do/cause damage to“对造成损害”易混词用法harm常指对身心健康或名声的危害。do harm to“对有危害”ruin常指对物体的不可修复的破坏、毁灭；也可指对金钱、名誉、地位等的毁坏【针对练习】完成句子(1)Last month his business _. 上个月他的公司破产了。(2)The whole city was left _ after the earthquake.地震之后整个城市成为一片废墟。(3)Yesterday, his

19、bad manners _.他的不礼貌使昨天的宴会不欢而散。选择destroy, damage, harm, ruin，并用其适当的形式填空(4)Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in _ to personal property.(5)Playing too much computer games may _ childrens health. (6)These rumors will _ the fame

20、 of the young girl. (7)Dont take too much of the medicine; it does you more _ than good if you do.(8)When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would _ the books, which are more precious to her than mountains of gold.【答案】(1)fell into ruins(2)in ruins(3)ruined the party(4)damage(5)

21、harm(6)ruin(7)harm(8)destroy3hire vt.& n租用(P36) because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes. 【翻译】因为当时我正忙着在约翰内斯堡市区租一辆车，开车穿过那些“禁区”，以便和当地的三项全能运动员一起组团骑行。【语言提升】(1)hire vt.租用；出租hire sth. out把某物租出去

22、hire oneself out (to sb.)把自己临时雇佣出去，接受(某人的)临时聘用hire sb.临时聘用某人They were so poor that they had to hire themselves out on the farms.他们如此穷以至于他们不得不到农场去打工。He teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.他同我旅馆里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)做伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。She was hired three years ago. 她是三年前录用的。 (2)hi

23、re n租用；出租on hire from 从处租用for hire可供出租There are many books for hire here.这里有许多书出租。The price includes the hire of the hall.费用包括礼堂租金。 The costumes are on hire from the local theatre.戏装可向本地剧院租用。【针对练习】完成句子(1)He _ whoever needed his services. 无论谁需要他的服务都可以雇佣他。(2)We had to _ to protect our personal rights.

24、我们不得不聘请律师保护我们的个人权益。(3)They have to _ out to make ends meet.他们不得不出租一楼来补贴家用。(4)All these bikes are _ .这些单车都是用来出租的。(5)Cars are _ that company. 可以向那家公司租用汽车。【答案】(1)hired himself out to(2)hire a lawyer(3)hire the ground floor(4)for hire(5)on hire from4boil vi.&vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸(P36) It boils down to this: 【翻译】它

25、可以归纳如下：【语言提升】boil a kettle/pan (把壶、锅等)里面的水烧开put sth.on to boil用沸水煮(或烫洗)；煮(或烫洗)boiled carrots/cabbage水煮胡萝卜/卷心菜boil sth.for sb.给某人煮某物boil with anger怒火中烧；异常气愤boil sth.down (使)煮浓，熬浓；概括；归纳(不用于进行时态)The water was bubbling and boiling away. 水在咕嘟咕嘟地沸腾着。Boil plenty of water, then add the noodle.把足量的水烧开，再放入面条。

26、Ill boil the kettle and make some tea.我来烧壶开水泡点茶。She put some potatoes on to boil.她煮了些土豆。 She boiled some eggs for her son.她给儿子煮些鸡蛋。He was boiling with rage. 他怒不可遏。 The original speech I had written got boiled down to about ten minutes. 我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。In the end, what it all boils down to is money

27、, or the lack of it.最后，一切都归结为钱，或者说是缺钱。【针对练习】完成句子(1)The kettle _ over the fire.壶里的水在火上沸腾。(2)She forgot to turn off the gas and the pot _ .她忘了关煤气，锅就烧干了。(3)She only _ for her children.她只给孩子们煮了一些蔬菜。(4)Hearing the news, Li Ming was _.听到这个消息，李明勃然大怒。(5)Her lecture this morning _ the following three points.

28、她今天上午的演讲归结为以下三点。【答案】(1)is boiling(2)boiled dry(3)boiled some vegetable(4)boiling with rage(5)boiled down to5apply oneself to sth. 努力；专心致志于某事(P37) Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is Im applying myself to. 【翻译】如果你愿意，你可以称它为不健康，但这就是我的做事风格，不管我在做什么我都会全力以赴。【语言提升

29、】apply vt.应用；敷药，涂抹vi.申请，适用；专心apply for sth.申请(得到)某物apply to sb.for sth.向某人申请某物be applied to适用于；应用于apply sth.to 将某物涂抹于be applied to 应用于He applied for the job to the company by letter.他写信向公司申请这份工作。She applied to the international school for a job as an English teacher.她向国际学校申请一份英语教师的工作。The results of

30、this research can be applied to new developments in technology.这项研究的结果可以应用于技术的新发展。She applied some cream to her arms before she went out. 她出去前在胳膊上涂了些药膏。The new discovery may be applied in medicine.这项新发现可应用于医学。You ought to apply yourself to your work. 你应该专心于你的工作。【词汇拓展】(1)application n应用；申请；应用程序；敷用The

31、 committee came down in support of his application.委员会决定并宣布支持他的申请。Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom.学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。(2)applicant n申请人【语境助记】The applicant applied himself to applying for a post for teaching applied chemistry，saying that he w

32、ould apply what he learnt to his teaching.这位申请人专心于申请一份教应用化学的工作，并且说他会把他所学到的应用到他的教学中去。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)He slowed the bleeding by _(apply) pressure to the wounds until the police and an ambulance arrived.(2)So far, more than one hundred people have applied _ this position.(3)This new medicine can be appl

33、ied to _(treat) COVID-19(4)His grandfather has applied _(he) to teaching all his life. (5)Twenty _(apply) have asked for this job, so you are lucky to have been admitted. (6)You ought to hand in your _(apply) by the end of this month if you want this job. 【答案】(1)applying(2)for(3)treating(4)himself(5

34、)applicants(6)application6set apart from使与众不同，使突出，使分离(P37) If you want to be an Olympic champion, its all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors. 【翻译】如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争对手中脱颖而出。【语言提升】(1)set A apart from B使A同B分开、分离

35、(2)A is set apart from BA与B被分隔/分隔开来(3)be set apart from使与众不同，使突出(4)apart from除了以外(都) (相当于except/except for)They set the sick goat apart from other animals.他们把那只病羊同其他的动物分开了。The garage, large enough for two cars, is set apart from the house. 可停放两辆车的车库是和住房分开的。The tall girl is set from other students in

36、 the crowd. 在人群中，这个高个子女孩非常显眼。In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 特别是他的作品以其逼真的人面和深刻的情感冲击力而区别于其他作品。This composition is good apart from some spelling mistakes. 除了有些拼写错误外，这篇文章是不错的。【针对练习】翻译句子(1)图书管理员叫他们把那些新书同旧书分开来存放。【答案

37、】The librarian told them to set the new books apart from the old ones.(2)他们的厨房和客厅是分开的。【答案】Their kitchen is set apart from their sitting room.(3)那位黄色头发的外国人在人群中非常显眼。【答案】The foreigner with yellow hair is set apart from others in the crowds.7average adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n平均数；平均水平(P37) Id prefer to have three

38、or four outstanding years of winning stuff than having ten years of being average. 【翻译】我宁愿有三年或四年的杰出的胜利，而不是十年的平庸。【语言提升】(1)adj.平均的；普通的，一般的An increase in average temperature by only a few degrees could cause many problems worldwide.平均温度仅仅增加几度也会导致许多全球范围的问题。Freddy was an average student, but not an avera

39、ge person.弗雷迪是一个普通的学生，但并不是一个平庸的人。The average yearly temperature in our city is 26。我市的年平均温度是26度。(2)n.平均数；平均水平，一般水准。常见搭配如下：an average of平均有on (the) average平均above (the) average高于平均水平below (the) average低于平均水平up to (the) average达到平均水平Kelly scored an average of 147 on three separate IQ tests.凯利在3项不同的智商测试

40、中平均得分147。On average we have seven classes a day.我们平均一天上7节课。His school work is well above average.他的学业成绩远远高于平均水平。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 068 _ the average.(2)_ average, it will take a year of hard work to complete all the classes.(3)Mr. Smiths

41、salary is _ average in his company, which makes him upset.(4)An average _ just 1875cm of rain fell last year, making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850(5)Mammals weighing sixty kilograms have _ average brain size of 200cm2【答案】(1)above(2)On(3)below(4)of(5)an1(P36) I could have

42、 become angry or defensive. 【翻译】我原本可以变得愤怒或急于辩解。【句式剖析】本句中的could have become意为“本来能够，本来会”，表示过去可能做，但又没有做打算做的事情。句式解读【句式提升】下面是一些由“情态动词have过去分词”构成的句型，请注意把握它们的含义和用法：(1)“could have过去分词”表示过去本来能够做但是没有做的事。He could have passed the entrance examination last year.他去年本来可以考上大学的。(2)“should have过去分词”表示过去应该做而没有做的事情。它含有

43、责备的语气。其中，should可换用ought to(即ought to have过去分词)，意思不变。You should/ought to have been here five minutes ago.你原本五分钟之前就该到达这里。(3)“must have过去分词”表示对过去一定做过某事，一种很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。注意，这个句型不可直接在must的后面加not构成否定式。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨天晚上一定下过雨，因为地上是湿的。(4)“cant/couldnt have过去分词”也可用来表示对

44、过去情况的推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。“must have过去分词”的否定式要用此句型表示其否定意义。It cant have rained last night.昨天晚上不可能下了雨。(5)“may/might have过去分词”表示一种对过去情况的一种不太有把握的推测，意为“或许/可能做过某事”。may的可能性又比might大些。He hasnt turned up yet; he may/might have been ill.他还没有来。他可能病了。(6)“neednt have过去分词”表示过去没有必要做某事但实际上做了，意为“(过去)没有必要”。I neednt have tol

45、d him that.我没有必要将那件事告诉他的。【针对练习】完成句子(1)We _(本应该学习) last night, but we went to the concert instead. (2)I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _(不可能发言) at the meeting.(3)I didnt hear the phone. I _(我一定睡着了) asleep.(4)He _(或许可以多给予) you more help, even though he was very busy. (5)There was

46、plenty of time. She _(没有必要那么匆忙)【答案】(1)should have studied(2)cant/ couldnt have spoken(3)must have been(4)might/may have given(5)neednt have hurried2(P36)I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play【翻译】我会在午餐时间待在家里，只是为了提前完成课堂作业，而不是出去玩【句式剖析】本句中的wouldrather t

47、han是一个固定的句式，意为“宁愿而不愿意”。【句式提升】(1)rather than“而不是”，常用于连接两个并列结构。I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee.我想我该要一杯冷饮，而不要咖啡。He was busy writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.他那时是在写信而不是看报纸。(2)rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数要采取“就远一致”原则，即谓语动词的单复数要和rather than前的主语保持一致。He, rather than you, is

48、 going to be sent to Beijing on business.将要被派往北京出差的是他，而不是你。but sometimes routines can control us, rather than us controlling the routines. 但有时常规可以控制我们，而不是我们控制常规。(3)常用搭配：prefer to do rather than dowould do rather than do 宁愿做而不愿做would do A rather than do Bwould rather do A than do B 宁愿做A，而不愿意做BI prefe

49、r to stay at home rather than go on a trip on such hot weather.天气这么热，我宁愿待在家里也不愿去旅行。I would walk in the park rather than stay home.我宁愿到公园走一走，也不愿意待在家里。(or) rather 更确切地说He worked till late last night, or rather, early this morning.他昨晚一直工作到深夜，更确切地说，是到今天凌晨。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)What we expect from you is workin

50、g hard _ (而不是) hardly working.完成句子他宁愿为国捐躯也不愿屈服。(2)He _ for his country _ in.(3)He _for his country _ in. (4)He _ for his country _ in.(5)My younger sister, rather than I _(like) classic music【答案】(1)rather than(2)would die; rather than give(3)would rather die; than give(4)prefer to die; rather than g

51、ive(5)likes3(P37) Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is Im applying myself to. 【翻译】如果你愿意，可以称之为不健康，但这就是我的做事风格，无论做什么，我都要全力以赴。【句式剖析】no matter意为“无论”，在本句中引导一个让步状语从句。【句式提升】(1)“no matter疑问词” 引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth tha

52、t will never change no matter where they live.每个人一出生就会被给予一个电话号码，将来无论他们居住在哪儿，这个电话号码都不会更改。(2)“疑问词-ever”可以引导状语从句也可以引导名词性从句；“no matter疑问词”只能引导状语从句。Ill post that letter whatever Wilson says.Ill post that letter no matter what Wilson says.不管威尔逊讲什么，我都要寄出那封信。【针对练习】完成句子(1)_， Ill pay for it.无论你想买什么，我都愿意付款。(2)

53、Call me when you get there, _.无论什么时间，你到了那儿就给我打电话。(3)Everyone will be given a gift _. 每个人都会给一份礼物，无论他们居住在哪儿。【答案】(1)No matter what you want to buy(2)no matter what the time is(3)no matter where they live突 破 语 法冠词冠词对于中国学生来说是一个难点。这一项目在高考试题中仍然非常重要。在每年的高考试题的语法填空题中，冠词同样是一个重要考点。具体来说，对于冠词应注意把握如下要点：一、不定冠词的用法不定

54、冠词通常表示泛指，但应特别注意掌握不定冠词的下列用法：1泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any。如：A horse is a useful animal.(马是有用的动物。)2不定冠词an要用在以元音音素开头的单词前；a则要用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。这里所指的元音音素和辅音音素，是指单词的读音，而不是指元音或辅音字母。如：an honest man，a university student.。3放在一些表示心理活动或情感的名词前。如：honour，joy，pity，pleasure，surprise等，一般情况下用作不可数名词，其前不加任何冠词，但如果其转化成具体的意义，表示“一个/一次/一种/一

55、件”等意义时，其前就要用不定冠词。这时，在这类名词的前面通常有形容词修饰。如：We felt it a pleasure to work with them and we finished our work with pleasure.(我们觉得同他们一起工作是一件令人快乐的事情。我们愉快地完成了我们的工作。)4表示抽象意义的名词前。如danger，difficulty，disappointment，failure，help，success，wonder，pleasure等，这些名词可以转化成具体的人或事，前面用不定冠词修饰或者它们本身用复数形式。如：We had much difficult

56、y in finding his home.(我们找他的家时碰到了许多的困难。)The red army men met all kinds of difficulties in the Long March.(红军战士在长征途中碰到了许多困难的事情。)He is a success/failure in business.(在生意场上，他是一个成功者/失败者。)5放在物质名词前。如coffee，tea，food，fog，rain，snow等，前面加不定冠词时，表示“一种；一场”。这时，其前通常有形容词修饰。如：a black tea(一种红茶)，a heavy snow/rain(一场大雪/

57、雨)。6放在具有动作意义的抽象名词在与动词have，take，make，give，let out等构成的短语中，表示一次性短暂的动作。这时，通常要在这个短语的名词前加不定冠词。如：have a look/rest/swim/try/test/bath/break; take a walk/look/bath/rest。7不定冠词还可用于专有名词前。这时的专有名词通常转化成了一个普通名词，而且这个普通名词前还有形容词修饰。如：A Mr. Smith came to see you this morning.(今天早上一个名叫Smith的先生来看你了。)He is a living Lei Fen

58、g.(他是一个活雷锋。)8形容词比较级用作定语修饰一个单数可数名词时，其前也常用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个更的”。如：You cant find a better restaurant in this town.(在这个镇上，你再也找不出一家比这更好的餐馆了。)9most前用不定冠词修饰时，most相当于very。如：a most hardworking student(一个非常勤奋的学生)10表示三餐的词语前通常不用任何冠词修饰，但如果这类名词的前面有形容词修饰的时候，其前通常用不定冠词修饰。如：We usually have supper at half past six. Yesterda

59、y we had a big supper.(我们通常在六点半吃晚饭。昨天我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。)11在序数词的前面，通常用定冠词修饰，但用不定冠词时，则通常表示“又、再、还”。如：He cast his net a second time but drew in nothing.(他又一次把网撒出去，可什么也没有捞到。)12有些名词如population，area，height，weight，depth，width，length，speed等表示一个具体的量(即与具体的数量连用)时，其前通常要用不定冠词修饰。如：This city has a population of three mil

60、lion.(这个城市有三百万人口。)The car is running at a speed of 180 kilometers per hour.(这辆汽车正以每小时180公里的速度行驶。)This school covers an area of two square kilometers.(这所学校占地2平方公里。)二、注意掌握定冠词的下列用法：1表示类别的单数名词前要加定冠词the。如：The horse is a useful animal.2表示乐器的名词前要加定冠词the。如：He likes to play the piano.3由普通名词构成的专用名词前要加定冠词the。如