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1、Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011RBA - 1R Bob AdamsInternational DirectorrbobSLSSLS AUDIOOzark, Missouriwww.SLSPrinciples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011

2、Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Prin

3、ciples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011 Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011 声波以三维的

4、方传播声波以三维的方传播 Waves spread in 3 dimensions标标准的准的扬声扬声器器结构结构Standard Loudspeaker ConstructionPrinciples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011数学的基本原理The Mathematic FundamentalsCourtesy of Ulysses Line Array ResearchPrinciples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.Fe

5、bruary 2011 普通系普通系统统 Conventional Systems标标准的准的扬声扬声器器结构结构Standard Loudspeaker Construction普通系普通系统统声压级声压级以以dB计计Conventional SystemSPL in dB100941248测测量点量点 Measurement Points8288Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Tech

6、nology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Courtesy of Ulysses Line Array ResearchPrinciples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011SPL in dB测测量点量点

7、Measurement Points1248100979491Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011SPL in dB1248100979491普通系普通系统统声级声级以以dB计计Conventional SystemSPL in dB100888294Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrate

8、d Technology Ltd.February 2011例：例：Example线阵线阵列列 Line array = 4m高高 4m tall近近场场（D）Near Field (D) = 25米米 25 meters近近场场NEAR Field-3 dB SPL 损损耗耗-3 dB SPL loss远场远场 FAR Field-6 dB SPL 损损耗耗-6 dB SPL lossD=L2f/636Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line Arr

9、aysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Fresnel vs. Fraunhofer 近场和远场的比较近场和远场的比较near-field vs. far-fieldPrinciples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011 = 阵阵列列长长度度 Length of the arrayPrinci

10、ples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011线阵列线阵列如果建立在一堆如果建立在一堆简简易易扬声驱动单扬声驱动单元的堆砌上，元的堆砌上，是不可能是不可能在高在高频频下作下作为线声为线声源使用的源使用的 NO line array, based on a simple stack of cone drivers, can perform as a line source at high frequenciesPrinciples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Tec

11、hnology Ltd.February 20111600 Hz( )3150 Hz(1 )6300 Hz(2 )Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Where: 代表频率代表频率 is frequency 代表声音的传播速度代表声音的传播速度 C is speed of sound 代表阵列的高度（英尺）代表阵列的高度（英尺） is a

12、rray height in feet 代表距离代表距离 R is distance Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011 竖直的覆盖角竖直的覆盖角 Vertical Coverage并且用无阻碍的并且用无阻碍的传播声音传播声音。The line array must be able to “see” each listener posi

13、tion, and project sound with an unobstructed line of “throw”.Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011最低的听众位置最低的听众位置Lowest Listener Position听众的最高位置听众的最高位置Highest Listener Position阵列的位置阵列的位置Array LocationPrinciples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.Feb

14、ruary 2011 Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.Februa

15、ry 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2

16、011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 20114000Hz2000Hz500Hz250HzPrinciples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011010203040506070809085.4560.4242.9030.3321.4515.1710.727.585.363.7931.5 Hz63 Hz125 Hz250 Hz500 Hz1 kHz2 kHz4 kHz8 kHz16 kHzPrinc

17、iples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011148.00104.6574.3052.5437.1526.2718.5713.139.296.57Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011BreakPrinciples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHig

18、h Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 20115000hz6只只 RLA3阵列阵列具有良好的垂直控制范围具有良好的垂直控制范围6 Box RLA3 array- achieves good vertical control at 5000HzPrincipl

19、es of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011250hz5000hz250Hz在在 的时候阵列的辐射范围几乎是球状的的时候阵列的辐射范围几乎是球状的However, at the array is almost sphericalPrinciples of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.Februar

20、y 2011Principles of Line ArraysHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.February 2011STOP2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 201154* If spherical spreading is only controlled in the high frequencies the sound energy that produces the “apparent “RT60” is also only affecting

21、the high frequencies!2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011552009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011564m(13.5)高的阵列 500hz4 m (13.5) tall array500hz注意没有传播Notice no spreading2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. Februa

22、ry 2011574m(13.5)高的阵列 250hz4 m (13.5) tall array250hz注意没有传播Notice no spreading2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 201158阵列的中心点必须保持足够近的距离，来保证高的一致性。阵列的中心点必须保持足够近的距离，来保证高的一致性。Center-to-center spacing MUST be close enough to maintain coherence at high frequencies.这取决于应用。这取

23、决于应用。THIS IS APPLICATION DEPENDENT2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011592000Hz单个点声源w/ 55.8mm (2.2”) 中心点间距Single Point source w/ 55.8mm (2.2”) center-to-center spacing 2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011602000Hz2000Hz两个点声源 w/ 55.8

24、mm 中心点间距Two Point sources w/ 55.8mm (2.2”) center-to-center spacing 2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011612000Hz2000Hz三个点声源w/ 55.8mm (2.2”) 中心点间距Three Point sources w/ 55.8mm (2.2”) center-to-center spacing 2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd.

25、February 2011622000Hz2000Hz四个点声源w/ 55.8mm (2.2”) 中心点间距Four Point sources w/ 55.8mm (2.2”) center-to-center spacing 2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011632000Hz1.12m (44”)没有波长传播No wave spreading2000Hz四个点声源w/ 55.8mm (2.2”) 中心点间距Five Point sources w/ 55.8mm (2.2”) cen

26、ter-to-center spacing 2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011642000Hz1.12m (44”)没有波长传播No wave spreading2000Hz这看起来很好，但是，当这看起来很好，但是，当频率频率比中心点间距还比中心点间距还小小的时候会出现什么呢？的时候会出现什么呢？This looks OK BUT, what happens at frequencies smaller than the center spacing?2009, SLS Audio -

27、RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011656300Hz6300Hz2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 201166带带有有带状驱动单带状驱动单元的元的换换能器能器with Ribbon TransducersPLH2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011672009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integr

28、ated Technology Ltd. February 201168 2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011692009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 201170Presentation TitleConference NameCity, State Month 2006712009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. Fe

29、bruary 201172堆堆叠叠的音箱的音箱Stacked upLoudspeakersThree compression driversWith small aperture longWaveguides三个压缩驱动单元三个压缩驱动单元Three Compression Drivers2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 201173带带有金有金属属波波导导管管结构结构的堆的堆叠叠音箱音箱Stacked upLoudspeakerswith metalplumbingTwo compressio

30、n driversWith sectored waveguides带有波导管的压缩驱动单元带有波导管的压缩驱动单元Compression Drivers with Waveguides2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011742009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 2011752009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. Febr

31、uary 201176带带有金有金属属扇片的扇片的扬声扬声器器Loudspeakerwith metal fins圆圆形的形的驱动单驱动单元元堆砌堆砌在扇片后方在扇片后方Round driversstackedbehind fins2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 201177couple naturally without interference平面的带状线声源平面的带状线声源Planar Ribbon Line Source2009, SLS Audio - RBAHigh Wing Integrated Technology Ltd. February 201178Ribbons是是线阵线阵列列RibbonsARELine Arrays2009, SLS Audio - RBAHi