Unit4Earthquake

1、Unit 4 EarthquakeKey words and expressions 1. right away =at once=immediately 2. smelly adj. 发臭的，有臭味的 n + -y adj rain rainy wind windy cloud cloudy snow snowy sun sunny blood bloodytaste tastydirt dirtygreed greedy 3. burst v. 爆裂，爆发 (burst-burst-burst) (1)burst into 突然.起来 (2)burst out 突然.起来 e.g The

2、balloon suddenly burst. The pipe burst and water spouted out. Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. =Hearing the bad news, she burst out crying. 3. burst v. 爆裂，爆发 (burst-burst-burst) (1)burst into 突然.起来 (2)burst out 突然.起来 burst into laughter=burst out laughing 突然大笑起来 burst into tears= burst ou

3、t crying 突然大哭起来burst into和和burst out都有都有“突突然然.起来起来”，但，但burst into + n; burst out + V-ing 3. burst n. 突然破裂，爆发 e.g There is a burst of laughter in the hall.4. as if 似乎，好像 =as though as if/though 引导的从句说的是客观事实或很有可能发生的事时，可不用虚拟语气。 e.g It looks as if it is going to rain. The meat tastes as if it has gone b

4、ad.4. as if 似乎，好像 =as though as if/though 引导的从句与事实相反则要用虚拟语气。若：(1)与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去式；(2)与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时；(3)表示将来的可能性不大，从句用would/could/might+ V原形。e.g It seems as if the meeting never ended. With the long hair, he looks as if he were an artist. He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost. It loo

5、ks as if it might rain. 5. at an end 结束，终结(在句中常作表语) 有关end的短语： (1)in the end (2)at the end of (3)by the end of (4)come to an end (5)end up (with) e.g It seemed that the world was at an end.最终，最后=finally=at last在.的末尾/尽头在.的末尾完结，结束结束，(以.结束) 6. ruin n. (倒塌的建筑物)废墟(常用复数)，毁灭 e.g After the earthquake, there

6、were all ruins of the building. 有关ruin的短语： (1)in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪 (2)fall into ruin 成为废墟 e.g Our plan is in ruins because of money. The castles have fallen into ruin. 6. ruin v. 毁灭，使破产 e.g Gambling ruined his family. She poured water all over the painting and ruined it. 试想ruin,destroy,damage的不同？ 6. r

7、uin v. 毁灭，使破产 (1)ruin 因非人为因素而导致某物被破坏，使该物的使用价值发生了变化。也可指希望，前程，健康等的破灭。 (2)damage 指对物体部分性的破坏, 还可以修复使用。 (3)destroy 指对肉体，精神上或某物的彻底破坏、摧毁以致不能恢复, 也指希望、计划等被打破。 e.g The rain ruined our plan. The house was damaged in the typhoon. The fire destroyed many houses in the area. 7.suffering n. 苦难，痛苦 suffer v. 遭受，经历 s

8、uffer vt. 遭受(抽象名词，如； loss,defeat,damage,pain, poverty) vi. suffer from 遭受，患(疾病) e.g The war has caused great suffering to people. The company suffers great losses. He suffers from high blood pressure.无被动语态 8. extreme adj. 极度的 extremely adv. 极度地，非常地 e.g You students are learning under extreme pressur

9、e at the moment. Practice: (1) People live in_ (extreme)poverty. (2) She found it is _ (extreme)difficult to get a good job.practicePractice 1. Homework 1. memorize the words usages we ve leanred today. 2. recite words from earthquake to extreme. 3. finish the related exercises on your reference boo

10、k on page 64. 1. injure v. 损害，伤害 injured adj. 受伤的 e.g Most people in the area was injured in the earthquake. The injured lived a hard life at that time. the injured 伤者，受伤的人the + adj 表示一类人the richthe poorthe youngthe old (1) She get injured during the earthquake.(2) To be honest, I dont want to hurt

11、you.(3)Most soldiers were wounded during the war.(4) Smoking will harm your health.(1)injure 指由于意外事故受伤，指肌体或功能(身体上的)的损伤。(2)hurt 既可指肉体上，精神上的伤害。(3)wound 指刀伤，枪伤。作名词时有“伤口”。(4)harm 肉体或精神的伤害，有时引起不安，不便，还可以用于抽象事物尤其指不道德的事。 (1)injure 指由于意外事故受伤，指肌体或功能(身体上的)的损伤。 (2)hurt 既可指肉体上，精神上的伤害。 (3)wound 指刀伤，枪伤。作名词时有“伤口”。

12、(4)harm 肉体或精神的伤害，有时引起不安，不便，还可以用于抽象事物尤其指不道德的事。 get injured/hurt 受伤 do harm to 对.造成伤害 harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的 2. survivor n. 幸存者，生还者 survive v. 幸存，生还 survival n. 幸存，生还 3. useless adj. 无用的，无效的，无益的 useful adj. 有用的，有意的 careless/careless harmless/harmful meaningless/meaningful 4. shock n. 休克，震惊

13、 v. 使震惊 adj. (1)shocked 震惊的(修饰人) be shocked at/by 对.感到吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事吃惊 (2)shocking 令人震惊的(物) e.g Her best friends death is really a shock to me. The strange thing really shocked me. He is shocked at/by the news. He is shocked to hear the news. Your words are shocking. 4. shock n. 休克，震惊 v

14、. 使震惊 adj. (1)shocked 震惊的(修饰人) be shocked at/by 对.感到吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事吃惊 (2)shocking 令人震惊的(物) Practice: 1. We were _(shock) at their terrible working conditions. 2. Its _(shock) to start a game before noon.5. rescue n & v. 援救，营救 rescue . from. 从.中营救e.g The rescue team is trying their be

15、st to resue the miners. The fireman rescued a boy from a big fire. 7. dig out 掘出，发现 dig v. 挖掘 (dig-dug-dug) (现在分词digging)e.g Eight people were dug out after the earthquake. She dug out some medals in the drawer. 8. bury v. 埋葬，掩埋 be buried in . 被掩埋于.; 专心/埋头于. bury oneself in. 专心/埋头于. e.g The boy dug

16、a hole on the ground and buried the dead bird. The car was buried in the thick snow. She was buried in her experiment. She buried herself to her experiment. 9. (1)a number of 大量，许多，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 (2)the number of “.的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 a number of 中number为名词，可以用great，large,small 来修饰。 a large/great numb

17、er of 大量，大多数 a small number of 少量，少部分 9. (1)a number of 大量，许多，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 (2)the number of “.的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Practice: 1. The number of tourists to the Great Wall _(be) more than 350 thousand last month. 2. It is said that there_(be) millions of camels in India and _ (a/an/the)number of them is

18、 growing.practice/homeworkHomework 1. memorize the words usages we ve leanred today. 2. recite words from injure to a (great) number of. 3. finish the related exercises on your reference book on page 64 and 68(except for reading). 4. Preview the grammar of this unit.Key words in reading part1. ,and

19、even pigs were too nervous to eat.too.to 太.以致于不能e.g He is too shy to speak in front of the class. He is too happy to forget the time.翻译：这问题太难了，我解答不出来。 The problem is too difficult for me to work out. 翻译：It is never too late to learn. too.to前若有否定词(如never,not)，表肯定。再.也不为过。 You can never be too careful

20、to cross the street. 2. .,who thought little of these events. think v.想，思考（think-thought-thought） (1)think of/about 认为，思考,想出 (2)think little/nothing of. 轻视，不把.当回事，不在乎 (4)think much/highly of 重视，对.高度评价 (5)think poorly of 轻视，对.评价不高 e.g What do you think of him? You should think about/of other people.

21、2. .,who thought little of these events. (2)think little/nothing of. 轻视，不把.当回事，不在乎 (4)think much/highly of 重视，对.高度评价 (5)think poorly of 轻视，对.评价不高 e.g 年轻人不应该轻视老年人。 The young shouldnt think poorly of the old. (1)全班同学对他的诗都高度评价。 All the class think highly/much of his poem. (2)大多数人都不把Tom的建议当回事。 Most peop

22、le think nothing/little/poorly of Toms advice. 3. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 4. (1)One-third of the nation felt it. (2)Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 分数的表示: “子基母序，子多一，母该死。” 1/2 1/4 3/4 5/7a/one halfa/one quarter=one fourththree quartersfive sevenths4. (2

23、)Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.“分数+名词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于分数后面的名词的单复数。e.g About two-thirds of the students in my class are girls. According to the statistics, three-quarters of the people in the area like singing. Fifty percent of the houses were destroyed in the earthquak

24、e.4. (2)Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.“分数+名词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于分数后面的名词的单复数。Practice:1. Three quarters of the earth _(be) covered by water.2. 75 percent of the work he finished _(be) in vain(白费，徒劳).3. About one half of the students in the class _(want) to be businessmen i

25、n the questionnaire.5. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.reach v. 到达，抵达；伸手去够/拿 n. 伸手够得着的范围e.g They reached London at six this morning. She is too short to reach the book on the shelf. Put the toy within reach of that boy.5. The number of people who were killed

26、 or injured reached more than 400,000.reach v. 到达，抵达；伸手去够/拿 n. 伸手够得着的范围 (1)beyond/out of sbs reach =beyond/out of reach of sb 在某人范围外 (2)within sbs reach 在某人范围内 =within reach of sb (1). Dont leave matches and cigarettes on the table within _ of little children.A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance(2)

27、. Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens _.A. touch B. sightC. reach D. distance 6. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.cover (1)v. 覆盖 be covered by/with 被.覆盖e.g White snow covered the world. The world was covered by/with the snow. (2)n. 封面e.g The cover

28、of my book is blue. 7. All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句为部分否定。all.not=not all., 并非所有的.都.。All hope was not lost=Not all hope was lost.e.g All that glitters is not gold. =Not all that glitters is gold.注意：all,both, every,everything, everybody前面有否定词或用于否定句表示部分否定。7. All hope was not lost.注意：all,both,

29、every,everything, everybody前面有否定词或用于否定句表示部分否定。翻译下列句子：e.g Both of the students are not from the same school. Not every boy in this area like football. Every boy in my class likes math.Homework 1. memorize the words usages we ve leanred today. 2. finish the related exercises on your reference book on

30、page 64 and 68(except for reading) and the exercises on the paper of second part. 4. Preview the grammar of this unit.Vocabulary 21. damage n & v do damage to. 对.造成伤害2. frighten v. 使恐惧，使害怕 fright n. 害怕，恐惧 frightened adj 害怕的，恐惧的(修饰人) be frightened of sth 害怕. be frightened at/by 对/因.害怕 frightening

31、 adj.令人害怕/恐惧的(修饰物) e.g This naughty boy often frihgtens the little kids. 2. frighten v. 使恐惧，使害怕 frightened adj 害怕的，恐惧的(修饰人) (1) be frightened of sth 害怕. (2) be frightened at/by 被.吓到 frightening adj.令人害怕/恐惧的(修饰物) e.g The little boy is frightened of thunder. She is frightened by/at the fierce dog. She

32、 felt frigtened when she walked lonely in the street at night. It was a frightening night.3. congratulation n. 祝贺(1)congratulations on sth/doing sth 祝贺.(2)congratulate v. congratulate sb on sth 因.祝贺某人e.g Congratulations on your exam results! I congratulate you on your success.4. judge n. 法官，裁判员(judg

33、ment n.判断) v. 判决，判断e.g She wants to be a judge in the future. The woman was finally judged guilty.(1)judge . by/from 通过.判断(2)judging from/by 根据.判断e.g You cant judge a book by/from its cover. Judging from her letter, she had a wonderful time last week. Judging from/by her look, she was tired.5. expre

34、ss v.表达 expression n. 表达；表情 Key words on page 301. be proud of2. honour v. 尊敬，敬重 n. 荣誉 in honour of 纪念.e.g We should honor those who devoted their lives in the war. We built so many monuments in honor of those heros.3. The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened. (1)be doing sth whe

35、n. 正在做某事时，突然.(2)be about to do sth when. 即将做/正要做.突然.(3)be on the point of doing sth when. 即将做/正要做.突然.practicePractice 1. _ the number of cars, only _ small number of people have attended the meeting. A. Judging from; a B. Judged from; a C. Judging from; the D. Judged from; the 2. We held a ceremony

36、_ those killed in the explosion. A. in honor of B. in place of C. in favour of D. in the way ofPractice 3. I _ you _ what you have achieved. A. celebrate;on B. congratulate;on C. congratulate;for D. celebrate;for 4. We are proud _being Chineses. 5. He took pride _ his great progress. 6. Congratulati

37、ons _ your winning the races. 7. Judging _ his accent, he must be from America.homeworkHomework 1. memorize the words usages we ve leanred today. 2. finish the related exercises on your reference book on page 77 3. Preview the words of next unit.grammar the atrributive clause (1)that/who/whom/whose/

38、which 定语从句的定义：在主从复合句中，修饰限制 名词或代词的句子就叫定语 从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰限制的名词或代词。 关系词：定语从句由关系代词that,who,whom.which,whose,as或关系副词when,where, why引导。 引导定语从句的关系代词： (1) 先行词为人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语(或表语)，做宾语时可以省略that。 (2) 先行词为人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略who。 (3) 先行词为人，在定语从句中做宾语，做宾语时可以省略whom。 (4) 先行词为人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略which。 (5)

39、 先行词为人或物，在定语从句中做定语，译为“.的”，后常跟名词，即：whose+n。 (6) 先行词为人或物，在限制性或非限制性定语从句中做主/宾/表语，“正如，正像”。thatwhowhomwhichwhoseas 观察思考： A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. (指代指代_, 作主语作主语) Then later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as

40、strong as the first one shook Tangshan. (指代指代_, 作主语作主语) I dont know the girl whom you talked to just now. (指代指代_, 作宾语作宾语)crackquakethe girl 观察思考： The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400, 000. (指代指代_, 作主语作主语) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been dest

41、royed. (指代指代_, 作定语作定语)peoplesurvivors 关系代词的基本用法：关系代词的基本用法： 1. that/which (1)Mr. Wang is the teacher that cares about me most. (2) This is the pen that/which I lost yesterday. (3)The building _ stands near the river is our school. (4)The film _ I saw last night was very moving. 关系代词的基本用法：关系代词的基本用法： 2

42、. who/whom (1)The number of people who came to visit this city each year reached one million. (2)The professor who/whom you are waiting for has come. 关系代词的基本用法：关系代词的基本用法： 3. whose (1)I have a friend. His father is a doctor. I have a friend _ father is a doctor. (2)This is the computer. I have just c

43、hanged its CPU. This is the computer _ CPU I have just changed. 【悟一悟【悟一悟参透误区】参透误区】 在语意理解上在语意理解上, whose相当于相当于of whom/which。在语法结。在语法结构上构上: whose+名词名词= the +名词名词+ of whom/which。 (3)I visited a scientist. The name of the scientist is John Smith. I visited a scientist the name of _ is John Smith. I visit

44、ed a scientist _ name is John Smith. 我拜访了那位名叫约翰我拜访了那位名叫约翰史密斯的科学家。史密斯的科学家。 【悟一悟【悟一悟参透误区】参透误区】 在语意理解上在语意理解上, whose相当于相当于of whom/which。在语法结构上。在语法结构上: whose+名词名词= the +名词名词+ of whom/which。 The classroom will soon be repaired. The doors and windows of the classroom are broken. The classroom the doors and

45、 windows of _ are broken will soon be repaired. The classroom _ doors and windows are broken will soon be repaired. 门窗坏了的那个教室很快会被维修。门窗坏了的那个教室很快会被维修。 关系代词的基本用法：关系代词的基本用法： 4. as (1)This is the same pen as I lost. (2)This is the same pen that I lost. (3)As we all know, China has a large population. practice/homeworkhomework1. 完成71页(真题体验)5个选择题。2.完成72页单项选择1,2,3,4,5,7,8,13.3. 预习剩下部分的定语从句语法。. 限制性定语从句中限制性定语从句中that和和which指物时的用法指物时的用法1. 指物时只能用指物时只能用that不用不用which的几种情况的几种情况: (1)当先行词是当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none等不定代词时等不定代词时, 或者当先行词被或者当先行词被all, every, any, some, no, lit