高三英语复习提纲

1、高三英语复习提要第一部分：语言知识一、动词的时态和语态时态1.一般现在时 (1)可表示客观真理、科学事实。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。(2)可用在由if，unless引导的条件状语从句，由even/if/though引导的让步状语从句，由when，before，until/till，as soon as，the moment引导的时间状语从句，由no matter what/who/when/where/how或whatever，whoever等引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表将来或主句是祈使句。

2、Ill go with you as soon as I finish it.我一做完，就与你一同去。Whatever you say，I will not change my mind.无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。2.一般过去时表示“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。Your phone number again？I didnt quite catch it.再重述一下你的 号码好吗？我没记下来。Its 9568686.是9568686。3.一般将来时 (1)“will动词原形”表示事物的固有属性与必然趋势。Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会

3、死。 (2)“be going to动词原形”可表示根据迹象对未来进行推断。Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.看那乌云，要下雨了。(3)“be about to动词原形”表示立即的将来，很少与时间状语连用。The train is about to start.火车就要开了。 (4)位移动词如come，go，arrive等，其一般现在时表按时间表将要发生的事，现在进行时可表计划、安排要做的事。I arrive in Beijing at 300 p.m. tomorrow.明天下午三点我会到达北京。He is coming.他将要来。The

4、y are leaving for Tibet.他们将要去西藏。(5)be to 动词原形表示计划，安排。When are you to leave for New York?你计划什么时候去纽约？表示指令，相当于should。You are to report it to the police.你应该把这事报告给警察。表示“打算，想要”。If we are to be there before ten，well have to go now.若我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。4.现在/过去进行时 (1)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。I first met Lisa three y

5、ears ago，she was working at a shop then.我第一次遇见莉莎是在3年前，那时她正在一家商店工作。Hey，look where you are going!嘿，看看你往哪儿走！Oh，Im terribly sorry.I wasnt noticing.噢！非常抱歉！我没注意。(2)表示反复出现的或习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情感，常与always，continually，constantly连用。He is always thinking of others first.(表赞赏)他总是先为别人着想。He is always making the s

6、ame mistake. (表厌烦)他总是犯同样的错误。(3)表示动作的未完性、暂时性。I dont really work here；I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不是在此工作，我只是在帮忙，新秘书来了我就走。 (暂时性)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.选手机供个人使用不是一件容易事因为技术变化太快。 (“变化”尚未完成)(4)表示按计划、安排要做

7、的事。Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida.I am taking my mum.我获得了一次去佛罗里达度两天假的机会。我计划带着我妈妈去。 (计划)(5)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。Is this raincoat yours？这是你的雨衣吗？No，mine is hanging there behind the door.不是，我的在门后挂着呢。5.现在完成时(1) (2)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with m

8、y own eyes.除非我亲眼看到，我是不会相信你的。Please dont get off the bus until it has stopped.车未停，请不要下车。(3)It/This is/will be the first(last，second，third.)time that.和It/This is the best(worst，most interesting)n.that.结构的从句要求用现在完成时。This is the first time that Ive heard her sing.这是我第一次听她唱歌。Its the best film Ive ever se

9、en.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。6.过去完成时(1)Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had.done.when；No sooner had.done.than.中从句用一般过去时。Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.我刚到家，天就下起了倾盆大雨。No sooner had we started than the car got a flat tyre.我们刚出发，轮胎就爆了。(2)表示愿望、打算类的词，如hope，expect，mean，intend，want，think等，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。

10、I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment.我本打算帮助你，但当时我太忙了。7.现在完成进行时 (1)表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。Ive been waiting for an hour but she still hasnt come.我已等了一个小时，但她还没有来。(2)表示动作刚刚结束 (有时指出结果)。My clothes are wet. Ive been walking in the rain.我的衣服湿了，我一直走在雨中。(3)表示重复 (指断断续续，而非一直不停)。She

11、has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.两个星期以来她每天晚上都给吉姆打 。语态被动语态使用要点不及物动词不能用于被动语态如appear，rise，die，happen，belong to，break out，take place等。Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误)Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (正)我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。表示状态的动词不用于被动语态如lack，fit，mean，h

12、old，have，cost，contain，become，last，possess，consist of，look like等。The book costs 10 yuan.这本书花了10元钱。Whats become of her？她怎么了？主动形式表被动的几种情况 (1)某些感官动词和系动词后加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。The flower smells sweet.花闻起来很香。The dish tastes delicious.菜吃起来非常可口。(2)在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义，

13、这些词后常有副词修饰。常用的这类动词有sell，read，write，wear，wash，open，clean，cook，keep，cut，fill，blow，measure，lock，run，record，begin，shut等。This type of recorder sells well.这种型号的录音机销路很好。He doesnt photograph well.他不太上相。This kind of shirt cleans easily.这种衬衫容易洗干净。(3)动名词主动形式表示被动意义通常是事物 (也可以是人)作want，need, require，deserve等动词的主语时

14、，表示事物 (或人)客观上“需要”，用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。若动名词是不及物的，后面还应有相应的介词。The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。这种用法还可把动名词改为动词不定式的被动形式来表被动。The children need to be looked after.(4)在作表语的某些形容词 (easy，difficult，light，heavy，fit，good，safe，comfortable，dangerous，pleasant等)后作状语用的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。She is easy to approach.她平

15、易近人。The rock is hard to break.这块岩石很难打碎。不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不用to，但在被动语态中要带to。I saw her pass by the window.我看见她从窗边经过。She was seen to pass by the window.她被看见从窗边经过。get (got)过去分词也可构成被动语态get常同marry，beat，break，damage，tear，strike，hurt，paint，invite，repair，dress等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动

16、语态。John and Jane got married last month.上个月，约翰和简结婚了。They got caught in the storm.他们碰上暴风雨了。巩固练习1(2011东北三省四市联考)Whats that terrible noise，David?Oh，I forgot to tell you.The new machines in the nearby plant_.Awere testedBwill be tested Care being testedDhave been tested答案：C2(2011北京西城模拟)The attackers were

17、 arrested and didnt know where they_.Awould takeBare taken Cwere being takenDwill be taken答案：C3(2011南京模拟)People begin to know that most environmental problems exist because necessary measures for preventing them_taken in the past.Aare notBwere not Chadnt beenDwouldnt be答案：B4(2011日照市调研考试)Monitor?Im n

18、ot monitor of our class.I_with the teacher until the monitor is elected.Awill just helpBam just to help Cam just helpingDhave just helped答案：C5(2011南京第一次模拟)I hear you_at Smiths.Yes，I_there for about three months.Awork；had been workingBworked；was workingCare working；have been workingDworked；have worke

19、d答案：C6(2010海淀区第二学期期中练习)Why didnt you come to the cinema with us last Saturday?Oh，sorry.But I_the film.AseeBsaw Chave seenDhad seen答案：D7(20103月济南模拟)A big step _to strengthen Chinas health care systems since we launched an effort in 2008.Ahas been takenBis being taken Cwas takenDhad been taken答案：A8(20

20、11哈尔滨检测)I have been on diet for months and next time you see me，I _five pounds.Awill have lostBwill lose Chave lostDam losing答案：A9(2011苏州一模)Are you going to further your studies after graduation?Well，I_yet.I might make some other choices.Adidnt decideBhavent decided Cdont decideDhadnt decided答案：B10(

21、2011陕西宝鸡检测)Mary，I should tell you it is the third time that you_ your homework.Aforgot to doBforgot doing Chave forgotten to doDhad forgotten doing答案：C11(20103月济南模拟)We thought he would have won the game.What a pity！He _too nervous when playing.Ahad beenBhas been CwasDwould have been答案：C12(2010潍坊质量监测

22、)My headache_me.I thought it was going away，but now its getting worse and worse.Ais killingBwas killing CkillsDkilled答案：A13(2010潍坊第一次模拟)Tom is now in our class，but he once_in Westbrook High School for a term.Ahas studiedBstudied Chad studiedDstudies答案：B14(2010海南五校联考)When did you move to Sanya?t I_in

23、 Tibet for 8 years.Ahas workedBhas been worked Chave been workingDworked答案：D 15(20104月济南模拟)Can you give some advice on what I said just now?Sorry.My mind _.Ais wanderingBwas wandering Chas wanderedDhas wandered答案：B二、非谓语动词（一）、不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。1不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑

24、主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。(2009辽宁卷)To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。2不定式用于so.as to .，such.as to；enough to；too.to；only to等结构中作结果状语。Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour

25、 can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。专家提醒：“onlyto do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell 和主语He 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。His parents died，leaving him an orphan.他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。练习：1.(2010

26、江西卷)There were many talented actors out there just waiting_.Ato discoverBto be discovered CdiscoveredDbeing discovered答案：B2(2010合肥第二次教学检测)Why are the students working so hard these days._ready for the coming entrance examination.ATo getBGet CGettingDGot答案：A3(2010新课标全国卷)With Fathers Day around the co

27、rner，I have taken some money out of the bank_presents for my dad.AbuyBto buy CbuyingDto have bought答案：B（二）、过去分词作状语：1过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。(2009江西卷)Given the right kind of training，these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.如果得到正确的训练，这些少年

28、足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。(2009福建卷)Reminded not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.提醒不要错过1520的航班，他匆忙出发过了机场。2某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其i

29、ng形式。Lost in the mountains for a week，we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.专心读书，他没注意到我进入房间。练习：1.(2010陕西卷)_from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.ASeenBSeeing CHaving seenDTo see答案：A

30、2(2010杭州市第二次教学检测)_by a greater demand for green products，the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality.ADrivenBBeing driven CTo driveDHaving driven答案：A3(2009重庆卷)Michaels new house is like a huge palace，_with his old one.Acomparing Bcompares Cto compare Dcompared答案：D（三）、-ing动词作状语1动词

31、的ing 短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。Being ill，he couldnt go to school.因为生病，他不能去上学。(原因)My car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。(结果)As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not moving，and asked myself what I was g

32、oing to do.(伴随)当交通路灯变绿灯时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问要做什么事。2现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not 构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having being done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。Not having received a reply，he decided to write again.没有得到答复，他决定再写信

33、去。The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland.(work 与句子的主语The old man之间存在主谓关系，而且work这一动作发生在谓语动作之前)在国外工作了二十年，这位老人回到了祖国。Having been scolded many times，he determined to study hard to catch up with others.多次被批评之后，他决定努力学习赶上他人。3有一些固定结构，如：generally speaking，taking everythi

34、ng into consideration，judging from/by等，无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。Taking everything into consideration，the result is better than expected.把一切因素考虑进去，结果比预料的要好。Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.从他说的话来判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。4现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用动词ing形式；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。Seen from the top of

35、the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see 与主语the park之间存在动宾关系)Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)练习：1.(2010湖南卷)Dina，_for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising

36、agency.AstrugglingBstruggled Chaving struggledDto struggle答案：C2(2010北京卷)_at my classmates faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.ALookingBLook CTo lookDLooked答案：A3(2010海淀第二学期期末)_a written permission，he had to write another letter to the president of the university.ANot givingBNot having been

37、 givenCHaving not givenDHaving not been given答案：B（四）、非谓语用作定语1现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。There are two roads before us，one leading to the beach，the other to the park.在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。2过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。(2009北京卷)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fr

38、esh fruit grown on his own farm.早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。3动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。(2009山东卷)We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。练习：1.(2010海南五校联考)Im afraid well have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems_.Aremaining to settle Bremaining to be settle

39、dCremained to talk aboutDto remain to discuss答案：B2(2010重庆卷)Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one_first is the library.ArepairedBbeing repaired CrepairingDto be repaired答案：D3(2010北京卷)Im calling to enquire about the position_in yesterdays China Daily.AadvertisedBto be advertised Cadver

40、tisingDhaving advertised答案：A（五）、非谓语作宾补1过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在被动关系。Ill have my house painted tomorrow.明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。(被动)When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.当我打开门时，我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。2现在分词作宾语补足语：现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正

41、在进行的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。(2009全国卷)They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。练习1.(2010湖南卷)Listen！Do you hear someone_for help?AcallingBcall Cto callDcalled答案：A2(2010辽宁卷)Alexander tried to get his work_in the medical circ

42、les.Ato recognizeBrecognizing CrecognizeDrecognized答案：D3(2011哈尔滨检测)Its wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt_with him.Ato protectedBprotected CprotectingDto be protected答案：B六、have，get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have，get表示“使、让、叫”之意。1have sth.doneget sth.done 使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)Ill have/get my bike repaired t

43、omorrow.我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.史密斯先生在度假期间，他家的房子被别人破门而入。注意：have sb.doing 若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。练习1.(2010青岛二模)Hurry up，Mary! Its time to go.Im getting_.Have a little patience.AdressB

44、dressing Cto dressDdressed答案：D2(2010山东卷)I have a lot of readings_before the end of this term.AcompletingBto complete Ccompleted Dbeing completed答案：B3(2009重庆卷)With the world changing fast，we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.AdealBdealt Cto dealDdealing答案：C4(2010东城练习二)Every year，To

45、m remembers to have some flowers_to her mother on her birthday.AsendBsent CsendingDbeing sent答案：B巩固练习1(2010四川卷)In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant _.Ato deal withBdealing with Cto be dealt withDdealt with答案：A2(2010上海卷)I had great difficulty_the suitable food on t

46、he menu in that restaurant.AfindBfound Cto findDfinding答案：D3(2010上海卷)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues_with her stories.AamusedBamusing Cto amuseDto be amused答案：A4(2010浙江卷)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and_less than 40 pounds must be in a c

47、hild safety seat.Abeing weighedBto weigh CweighedDweighing答案：D5(2010辽宁卷)We were astonished _the temple still in its original condition.AfindingBto find CfindDto be found答案：B6(2010新课标全国卷)Mrs White showed her students some old maps_from the library.Ato borrowBto be borrowed CborrowedDborrowing答案：C7(20

48、10陕西卷)His first book_next month is based on a true story.ApublishedBto be published Cto publishDbeing published答案：B8(2010江西卷)The lady walked around the shops，_an eye out for bargains.AkeepBkept CkeepingDto keep答案：C9(2010福建卷)In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained_abroad due to the volcanic ash

49、cloud.Asticking Bstuck Cto be stuckDto have stuck答案：B10(2010山东卷)The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already_for a meal to be cooked.AlaidBlaying Cto lay Dbeing laid答案：A三、复合句中的功能词用法：1. 状语从句- 连接副词的正确运用时间状语从句(1)表示时间的状语从句可以由when，whenever，as，while，before，until，ever since，as soon as等词引导。

50、As a young man (When he was a young man)，he was fond of hunting.他年轻时，喜欢打猎。When the rain stopped，students rushed out of the classroom.雨停了，学生们冲出教室。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.我做作业时母亲在做饭。We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们刚要出发，突然下起雨来。It will be half a year

51、 before I come back.我半年之后才回来。(2)名词词组引导时间状语从句：every/each time每一次；the moment/minute那时(一就)；the first/second time 第一/二次；the last time最后一次；the day那一天；the week那一周等。Every time I see him，he looks miserable.每次我看见他，他都是一副愁眉苦脸的样子。He said hed phone you the moment he got home.他说他一到家就给你打 。(3)as soon as，instantly，d

52、irectly，immediately等表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，通常意为“一就”，也可引起表示时间的状语从句。The moment I saw it，I fell in love with it.我一看见它就爱上了它。Directly I had done it，I knew I had made a mistake.我一做完，就知道犯了个错误。He rushed upstairs immediately he heard a loud noise.他一听到大的响动就冲上了楼梯。(4)no sooner.than 和hardly.when引导的从句表示“刚就”。主句中的动词一般用

53、过去完成时，从句用过去时。若把no sooner，hardly提到句首，主句须倒装。No sooner had he sat down than the phone rang.他刚坐下， 铃就响了。Hardly had the game begun when it started to rain.比赛刚刚开始，天就开始下起雨来。条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless (if.not除非)，so/as long as (只要)，in case (万一)，on condition that (条件是)，suppose/supposing (假设，如果)，provided that (如果)等。Dont come in unless I let you.别进来，除非我允许。As long as you dont lose heart，you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你会成功的。Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us，who else can we