最新部编版2020中考英语专题讲练动词不定式(含解析)

1、动词不定式知识精讲13非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征（如有自己的宾语或状语等）的动词形式。非谓语包括动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。非谓语动词 没有人称和数的变化，但要遵循基本的时态语态规则，在句中充当各种成分。、动词不定式基本构成形式结构例句肯定形式to+动词原形The teacher asked his students to finish their homework on time.老师让学生们按时完成作业。否定形式not to+动词原形Aunt Li often tells her sonnot to eat too much sugar.李阿姨经

2、告诫她的儿子/、要吃太多的糖。被动形式to+be+过去分词He would like to be treated as a child.他喜欢被当成孩子般看待。注意：动词不定式在一些感官动词（see, watch, hear等）或使役动词（make, let, have等）的后面，做宾补时，通常会省略 to,如：The boss made me work ten hours a day.=I was made to work ten hours a day by the boss.这个老板让我一天工作十个小时。二、动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语(

3、即除谓语之外的各种成分) 。1. 不定式作主语1) . 动词不定式短语作句子主语时，视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，如：To make work more efficient is our goal.让工作更有效率是我们的目标。2) . 不定式短语作主语时，为了考虑句子的平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的不定式主语放在句子后面，结构为： It+is/ was+adj. (+for sb.)+ 动词不定式，如上一句话也可写成：It s our goal to make work efficient.我们的目标是让工作更有效率。It s very important for us to l

4、earn English well.学好英语对于我们来说很重要。2. 动词不定式作宾语1) . 动词不定式跟在及物动词后作宾语， 这种形式非常常见， 就是我们平时积累的一些动词后面跟to do 形式，如：I have decided to study hard.我已经决定要刻苦学习。常见的这类动词有： begin, choose, continue, decide, expect, fail, forget,hate, help, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend,promise, refuse, try

5、, want, wish, determine, afford, agree, start, like等。2) . 在 find ， think 后跟不定式时，常用 it 代替，而将真正宾语，即不定式放在后面，如：I find it not easy to achieve ones goal.我发现实现一个人的目标并不容易。3) .有些不定式结构中的to会省略，直接跟动词原形，这样的结构有：Whynot do, Why don' t you do ，had better (not) do ，would rather do 等，如：I would rather stay at home.

6、我宁愿待在家里。3. 不定式作宾语补足语1) . 不定式宾补很常见， 结构为： 动词 +sb. to do sth, 这样的动词有： tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage等，如：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.老师建议我们先休息一下。2) . see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带 to ，但变为被动语态以后(即不定式作主补时)要带to ，如：My mom made me clean the house

7、.=I was made to clean the house by my mom.我妈妈让我把房间打扫干净。注意：help (帮助)后作宾补的动词不定式可带to ,也可不带to ,即help sb.(to)dosth. ，如：He often helps his parents (to) do their housework.他经常帮助他父母做家务。4. 不定式作定语不定式有时起形容词作用，修饰名词， 代词， 在句中作定语。 不定式作定语位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?

8、昨天谁第一个登上了山顶？He is the man to depend on/to believe in.他是一个值得信赖/ 相信的人。5. 不定式作状语不定式放在不及物动词后可表目的或原因状语，也可以放在一些形容词后。1) . 目的状语：She reads China Daily every day to improve her English.她每天都读中国日报，来提高自己的英语能力。2) . 原因状语：1 m glad to see you.很高兴见到你。注：这种“be +形容词+不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：Heis eagerto go to college./ She

9、 is sure to come here.3) . 结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their hometown.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。.在“too - to”结构中表“太结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work. 他太过虚弱，以至于不能工作。注： too 之前如果有only, only too 表“非常” 、 “很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如： They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit.他们很幸运去国外访问。另外， too 后如果是

10、 happy, glad 之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，如： She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.(2) .在“形容词/副词+ enough +不定式”结构中表“足以能”，如：He is strong enough to do the work . 他足以胜任此项工作。6. 疑问词不定式不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词 when, how, where连用，构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to finish the work in time is a problem

11、.（主语）如何按时完成任务是个问题。We don' t know when and where to go.（宾语）我们不知道何时出发，也不知道要去哪。人小三点剖析一、重点：不定式的形式变化，不定式的语法功能。二、难点：不定式在句子中充当不同成分时的规则和例外。中考阶段主要考查不定式的使用，还要求考生掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾补以及疑问连用结构，理解动词不定式作主语、定语和表语的基本用法。考试中多以动词之后跟to do还是doing的形式出现，所以理解的同时，积累一些固定搭配也是本节知识学习必不可少的。三、易错点：1 .形式主语的使用在It+is/was+adj. for sb. to

12、do的结构中，若形容词为表示人的内在品质，则介词不用for而用of ,如：It ' s very clever of you to do like that.你那么做真是太聪明了。（正确）It ' s very kind for you to help me.你能帮我真是太好了。（错误）2 .使役动词省略to的不定式的被动形式一些使役动词的不定式中to可省略，被动需还原，如：I was made to finishmy homework on time by my teacher.（正确）I was made finish my homework on time by my t

13、eacher.（错误）老师让我按时完成作业。题模精选题模一：动词不定式基本应用例 1.1.1 In order up early this morning. A.not to be lateC.to be latefor the meeting, my sister forced herself to getB.not being lateD.being late例1.1.2 用动词适当形式填空。The teacher raised his voice so that he could make students him clearly. (hear)例 1.1.3 I didn '

14、t see you last week. I had a bad cold. The doctor asked me at home for a week.A.stayB.stayingC.stayedD.to stay题模二：动词不定式语法功能例 1.2.1 To climb the tall trees very dangerous.A.areB.isC.wereD.was例 1.2.2 He wants some vegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.to buyD.buys例 1.2.3 So much work usually makes them very tired

15、.A.to feelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel例 1.2.4-Do you know Neil Armstrong?-Yes. He is the first man on the moon.A.walkC.to walk例 1.2.5 Whynot your it by yourself?A.ask; writeC.ask; writing例1.2.6用动词适当形式填空。我想知道要去哪？I want to knowB.walksD.walkedteacher for help when you can't finish B.to ask; writingD.aski

16、ng; write. (go)Q©随堂练习随练 1.1 The new hospitalA.buildC.to buildis near the factory.B.buildsD.to be built随练 1.2 It ' s our duty the room every day.A.to cleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans随练 1.3 We have two rooms, but I can ' t decideA. to live; to choose which oneB. lived; choose which oneC. to

17、live in; which one to chooseD. live; which one随练 1.4 We saw him the building and go upstairs.A.to enterB.enterC.enteringD.entered随练 1.5 My parents always tell me more vegetables and fruit.A.eatB.eatingC.eatsD.to eat随练1.6用动词的适当形式填空。1. I hope(find) a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from

18、school.2. Father asks me(not play) computer games before finishing my homework.3. He found it hard(catch up with) his classmates.4. Let him(have) a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.5. All the childrenlike Mr. White very much because he often makes them(laugh).Q建自我总结人思课后作业作业 1 It to

19、ok me two weeks reading the novels written by GuoJingming.A.finishB.to finishC.finishesD.finishing作业 2 This question is too difficult. I find it really hard it bymyself.A.answerB.answeringC.to answerD.answered作业 3 Boys and girls, attention please. Now let me tell you to theBird Island.A.how to getB.

20、what to getC.whom to getD.where to get作业 4 The students in Grade Three their homework for more than three hours every day, so they have any time to watch TV.A. were made to do; hardlyB. are made to do; hardlyC. were made do; hardlyD. are made do; hardlyA.discuss作业 5 Our teacher often asks us questio

21、ns in groups.8. to discussC.discussingD.discussed作业6用词的适当形式填空1. I was tired out, so I stopped the car(have) a short rest.2. Let ' s(go) for a walk, shall we?3. -Excuse me, could you tell me how(get) to the Beijing Zoo?-Well, you may take Bus No.27.4. It is impossible for you(teach) her well.5. T

22、he boy found it hard (get along with) the other classmates.答案解析人迨题模精选题模一：动词不定式基本应用例 1.1.1【答案】A【解析】考查动词不定式的否定表达。句意：为了开会不迟到，我姐姐迫使自己今天早晨很早起床。不定式否定直接在to前加not,故选Ao例 1.1.2【答案】hear【解析】考查使役动词省略to的不定式表达。句意：老师提高了他的嗓音以便学生们能够清楚地听到他。使役动词后为省略to的不定式，故填原形 hear。例 1.1.3【答案】D【解析】考查动词固定搭配。Ask sb. to do sth. 。题模二：动词不定式语

23、法功能例 1.2.1【答案】B【解析】考查不定式作主语。不定式作主语视为单数，排除AC;这是对事实陈述，用一般现在时，故选 B。例 1.2.2【答案】C【解析】考查动词不定式作宾语。want后跟不定式作宾语，结构为 want to do sth.,意为“想去做某事"，故选Q例 1.2.3【答案】D【解析】考查动词不定式作宾补。make为使役动词，后接不定式作补语省略to,故选Do 例 1.2.4意为“第考查不定式作定语。He is the first man to walk on the moon一个在月球上行走的人”，动词修饰名词需要用不定式形式，跟在名词之后，故选Co例 1.2.

24、5【答案】C【解析】考查疑问词+不定式。why not后跟不定式省略to ,排除BD； finish 后跟doing 做宾语，即 finish doing sth .,故选 C。例 1.2.6【答案】 where to go【解析】 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。根据句意，所以填 where to go 。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】D可知医院与【解析】 考查不定式作定语。根据句意：要建的新医院在这个工厂附近。建造之间是被动关系，不定式被动在to 后加 be done ，故选D。随练 1.2【答案】 A【解析】 考查不定式作主语。本句涉及形式主语，真正的主语是句子后面的不定式，故选A。随练1.3【

25、答案】 C【解析】 考查不定式作定语和疑问词+不定式结构。第一空作定语，要用不定式，且live 为不及物动词，需要加介词 in 链接宾语；第二空符合疑问词+不定式，故选C。随练 1.4【答案】 B【解析】考查不定式作宾补。本句中动词为see,为感官动词，不定式宾补省略，构成 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事，故选B。随练 1.5【答案】 D【解析】 动词搭配， tell sb. to do 。随练 1.6【答案】 1. to find2. not to play3. to catch up with4. have5. laugh6. 析】 1. 考查不定式作宾语，构成hope to do sth. 希望做某事，所以填 to find 。7. 考查不定式作宾补，构成ask sb. not to do sth. ，故填 not to play 。8. 考查不定式作形式宾语。本句涉及it 作形式宾语，构成 find it+adj.+to do