英语国家简介课件

1、History of the UKB班第四组 Key FactsIncidentsTimeMain FiguresCharacteristicsRoman Empire King ArthurChristianity entered Britain Norman Period 3) feudal system established in the UK Peasants Uprising Wat Tyler and Jack Shaw Hundred Years War 1337-1453 English were driven out of France War of Roses 1455-

2、1485 Industrial Revolution 1780-1830James WattBritain became the “Workshop of the World”WWI the Central Powers and the AlliesVictory of the Allies WWIIWinston Churchill hastened the collapse of theBritish Empire 43-4101066-1381William the Conqueror 1381Paved the way to capitalism for BritainJoac of

3、ArcKing Richard III;Henry TudorPut the country under therule of the Tudors1914-19181939-1945 Early Settlers （5000BC-55BC）1The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比利来人。2At about 2000 BC the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now know as Holland and Rhineland.约公元前2000年，从现在的荷

4、兰和莱茵兰地区来了宽口陶器人。3The Celts began to arrive Britain about 700 BC.约公元前700年，克尔特人来到不列颠岛。 Roman Britain (55BC-410AD)1. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successful

5、ly. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.有记录的英国历史开始于罗马人的入侵。公元前55年和54年，罗马将军朱略斯凯撒两次入侵英国，均未成功。直到公元43年，克劳锹才成功占领不列颠。将近四百年里，英国人处于罗马人的占领下，但这并非是完全的占领。The Anglo-Saxons (446-871)In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and An

6、gles came to Britain.They were three Teutonic tribes.The Jutes, who fished and farmed in Jutland, came to Britain first. A Jutish chief became the King of Kent in 449. Then the Saxons, users of the short-sword from northern Germany, established their kingdom in Essex, Sussex and Wessex from the end

7、of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century, the Angles, who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to the English people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven princip

8、al kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy.五世纪中叶，朱特人、撒克逊人和盎格鲁人不断入侵不列颠。这是三支日耳曼（条顿）部落。居住在朱特兰岛（现丹麦南部）上从事打渔农耕的朱特人先抵不列颠。后来从德国北部来的使用短剑的撒克逊人在埃撒克斯、苏塞克斯和威塞克斯建立了王国，统治期从五世纪末至六世纪初。六世纪后半叶，同样来自德国北部的盎格鲁人，在东盎格利亚、麦西亚以及诺森伯利来定居，同时也他们也把名字给了英国人。这

9、七个主要王国（肯特、埃塞克斯、苏塞克斯、威塞克斯、东盎格利亚、麦西亚和诺森伯利亚），合称为七王国。Viking and Danish invasionsThe invaders were the Norwegians and the Danes. They attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century. They became a serious problem in the 9th century, especially between 835 and 878. They even managed to c

10、apture York, an important center of Christianity in 867. By the middle of 9th century, the Viking and the Danes were posing a threat to the Saxon kingdom of Wessex. 入侵者是挪威人和丹麦人，从8世纪末开始，他们不断袭击英格兰的各个地方。9世纪，尤其是公元835-878年间已成为严重问题。他们甚至占领了约克郡，公元867年时的基督教中心。到9世纪中叶，北欧海盗和丹麦人威胁到撒克逊人的威撒克斯王国的安全。The Norman Conqu

11、est (1066)Reasons for Williams invasion of England after Edwards death. 威廉在爱德华死后入侵英国的原因。It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, Wi

12、lliam defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.据说，爱德华国王曾答应把英格兰王位传给诺曼底公爵威廉，但是贤人会议挑选了哈罗德为国王。公元1066年10月，在哈斯丁斯附近的激烈交锋中，威廉打败了哈罗德军队，同时哈罗德也在此战争中战死。 The Civil Wars ReasonsJames Stuart believed in the Divine Right to

13、 rule as he pleased. This brought him into conflict with the English Parliament. ResultsBy 1645 Cromwell won the decisive Battle of Naseby. Charles was captured and put on trial for treason in 1649. Cromwell dissolved parliament and started Englands only period of dictatorship. Cromwells failure to

14、put in place a workable alternative to the monarchy.James I of England Oliver Cromwell Charles ICharles II杰姆斯斯图尔特信奉“君权神授”。这使他与英国议会冲突。1645克伦威尔赢得了内兹比决战。查尔斯被放在1649对叛国罪的审判。克伦威尔解散议会并开始英格兰唯一一段专政。克伦威尔未能制定一个可行的替代导致恢复君主制。With its advantageous geographical location, convenient sea and river transportation, Br

15、itain got large quantities of capital from overseas trade and colonies from the 18th century, which is the foundation of industrialization. Britain was the first country to industrialize in the world. Before the 18th century, most industries were done at home using very simple hand-operated machines

16、. Now new techniques and water-powered machines resulted in organization of industries on a large scale. Industrial Revolution (1780 1830)The 1698 Savery Engine Spinning Jenny以其优越的地理位置，便利的海和河流运输，从第十八世纪英国从海外贸易和殖民地中得到大量资本，这是工业化的基础。英国是世界上第一个工业化的国家。第十八个世纪前，大多数工业都在家里做的使用非常简单的手工操作的机器。新的技术和水动力的生产机器使得生产得以大规

17、模化，组织化。English colonial expansion began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583. In the early 18th century, settlements were made in North America. Encouraged by the large quantities of wealth brought by the Industrial Revolution, the discoveries of new frontiers by men like Captain Cook, and

18、especially by the rising tide of emigration, the British colonialists stepped up their expansion in the late 18th century and early 19th century.Colonial Expansion (Late 18th Early 19th Century) Joseph Smallwood signing the document bringing Newfoundland into Confederation. James Cooks 1775 chart of

19、 Newfoundland 英国殖民扩张开始于1583年的纽芬兰。十八世纪早期，扩张者开始在北美定居。被由工业革命带来大量的财富，库克船长对新的领域的发现，特别是海外移民浪潮的兴起的鼓励，在第十八世纪末和第十九世纪早期英国殖民者加紧扩张。 Britain and the First World War The Work War I was fought from 1914 to 1918 primarily between two European Power blocs: “the Central power”- Germany and Austria-Hungary, and the “A

20、llies”-Britain, France and Russia. During the war, the Britain lost much. Apart from the loss of manpower, there had been considerable disruption of the economy and society. Out of the war settlement came the establishment of the League of Nations.第一次世界大战是从1914年至1918年，战争主要在两大欧洲集团间进行：“同盟国”，包括德国和奥匈帝国，

21、和“协约国”，包括英国、法国和俄罗斯。一战中英国损失惨重。除了劳动力损失，还有巨大的经济与社会瓦解。Britain and the Second World War As Adolf Hitler and Nazism showed off their aggressive momentum in Europe, Chamberlain, the Prime Minister, found his policy of appeasement of German aggression was no longer tenable, and was forced to declare war on

22、Germany on September 3, 1939. 当阿道夫希特勒及纳粹主义显示他们对欧洲的侵略意图时，首相张伯伦发现他的绥靖政策已站不住脚，只得于1939年9月3日对德宣战。One of the most far-reaching consequences of the War was that it hastened the end of Britains empire. 二战最为深远的结果之一是加速了大英帝国的瓦解。 谢鹏Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the

23、 Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the worlds second largest country by total area, and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest. The lands have been inhabited for millennia by various groups of aborigi

24、nal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confeder

25、ation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.345 This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed

26、 the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament. The capital of CanadaOttawa is the capital of Canada and is the seat of the federal government, walking into the Capitol building ,thousands of green copper roof, the RCMP, famous tulip garden, by the people as a symbol of their country. I

27、n may each year, has a tulip festival in Ottawa, visit can encounter when millions of tulip flowers in full bloom, form the dim-witted tulip airtime, wandering in the world of the tulips.The Canadian Rockies The Canadian Rockies house five national parks, out of which four of them along with other p

28、rovincial parks form a combination of a single UNESCO World Heritage Site that consists of beautiful mountain landscapes, lakes, canyons, waterfalls, glaciers, peaks, limestone caves as well as fossils. Mount Robson is the highest peak of the Canadian Rockies and climbing it is considered a challeng

29、e. These beautiful mountains are a haven for hikers and walkers alike.Some picturesSome picturesLake LouiseLake LouiseLake Louise, is located in the town of Banff Canada Banff 56 km northwest, around less than an hours journey. Lake is 2.4 kilometers long, 500 meters wide, the deepest part of more t

30、han 70 square meters, 1730 meters above sea level. Found in 1882 by Tom Wilson, then called the small lake. In 1883, renamed the Emerald Lake. According to legend, in 1884 ,because the fourth daughter of queen Victorias princess Louis walkes around the lake, they take the lake with her name, and the

31、n has been spread so far.Polar bears are the world largest land carnivore, also known as polar bear. Male polar bear in length about 240-260cm, weight is generally 400-800 kg. The shape of female polar bears than about half of male small, body length 190-210cm, weighs about 200-300 kg. Time to sleep

32、 before the arrival of the winter, due to the massive accumulation of fat, their body weight up to 800 kg. Vision and hearing of polar bears and humans a considerable, but their extremely sensitive sense of smell is seven times the dogs, speed of up to 60 km, is 1.5 times the world 100 meters champi

33、on designed by xie pengEarly American History 06122699 廖伟志廖伟志 采矿采矿12-9United States It comprises 48 contiguous states occupying the mid-continent, Alaska at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The territory was originally inhabited for

34、several thousand years by numerous American Indian peoples who had probably emigrated from Asia. European exploration and settlement from the 16th century began displacement of the Indians. Declaration of Independence(17541783) In 1774, from 12 delegates, gathered in Philadelphia, the first continen

35、tal congress convened, hoping to find a reasonable way, and Britain a peaceful solution to the problem, however, king had insisted on colonies must unconditional surrender to the king, and accept the sanctions.In 1775, in a Massachusetts lit war, may, at the second continental congress, established

36、the war and independent determination, and publication of the famous declaration of independence, put forward the good reason to play the battle, this also is finally winning elements.In 1781, American forces won a decisive victory,In 1783, U.S. and British sign the treaty of Paris, the end of the w

37、ar of independence.The new government was established(17841819) George Washington The success of the revolution and the American people to have legislation to express their political ideas form chance. In 1787, a federal meeting in Philadelphia, the election for President George Washington.Westward

38、Movement(18201849) Is a constantly to the west, the process of immigration to extend territoryIs an economic development processThe industrial revolution is the unique characteristicsIs the American people hard working processAlso is flooding kill aboriginal Indian movementAmerican Civil War(1850186

39、9) Cause the cause of the civil war, is not only economic, political and military issues, and include the ideological conflict. Civil war exposed the weaknesses of the United States. For the existence of this country, made a test.Industrialization and reform(18701916) The 19th century, the United St

40、ates began industrialization, and after the civil war, then into mature stage.The world of the new position(19171929) In the post-war 10 years, American society and culture is a lifeless, no feelings, belong to the merchant class 10 years. Car, telephone, radio, washing machine, has become the neces

41、sities of life. On the extreme post-war economic prosperity.1930So farThe people of the United States is a brave and the love of freedom people. They had come from all over the world, is a lot of different cultural, racial and religious, after a long period of the coexistence of the formation of the

42、 combined, gradually to be Americans their proud.Made by: 刘中青刘中青Index Brief introduction History and politicsDo you know New Zealand?Brief Introduction of New Zealand National flag and national emblem Acreage :27.0534 square kilometersPopulation:447 million, European immigrants descendant accounts f

43、or 67.6%; Maori accounts for 14.6%; Asian accounts for 9.2%. The official language is English, Maori. 70% inhabitant believe in protestant and Roman Catholic. Capital: Wellington Geography:It situates in the southwest Pacific Ocean.Geography New Zealand is a large, long group of islands which is mad

44、e up of two main landmasses, the North Island and the South Island. A huge diversity of physical geography has produced a wide variation. Lets have a lookHistory New Zealand -land of the long white cloud-was settled over 1000 years ago by voyagers from East Polynesia(玻利尼西亚 ). These settlers are the

45、forebears of todays Maori. Maori has played a very significant role in New Zealands history. Maoris are talented artists, especially in music and dancing. The most popular dancing is Haka, a dance often performed to terrify the enemy and to prepare warriors for battle. Wood carving Maoris put wood c

46、arvings into every aspect of life. Now the wood carving has become the best choice as a present.Special greeting method Hongi(毛利族人的以鼻相触的见面礼) : nose touches nose The times and length of noses-touching represent the level of courtesy. The host and the guest must make noses touching more than 2 times t

47、o show courtesy.System of government It is an independent state, governed by democratically elected parliament. The two main parties: the National Party and the Labour Party. The prime Minister is the leader of the party in power.Local government Local government are responsible to their electorates

48、, and council elections are held every three years.: resource management, soil conservation, river, pest control, habours, some transport and regional civil defence. Community boards promote local community interests.AUSTRALIABY刘中维CONTENTA.AnimalsB.The landC.Cultural heritage of the world The animal

49、s of Australia There are many different species of wildlife in Australia. Marsupials（有袋类）are the most successful group in Australia. This group includes kangaroos, wallabies, koalas, Tasmanian wolves（塔斯马尼亚狼）, Tasmanian devils（袋獾）, and many others. The platypus（鸭嘴兽） and the echidna （针鼹）are egg-laying mammals.