医学英语——常用解剖术语

1、医学英语一一常用解剖术语1、总论Introductionsuperior上inferior下Cranial头侧Caudal尾侧anterior前posterior后ventral腹侧dorsal背侧medial内侧lateral外侧internal内external外superficial 浅profundal深proximal近侧distal远侧ulnar尺侧radial模侧tibial胫侧fibular腓侧2、运动系统locomotor(kinetic ) system融昌映(lunujajsajd)lujajs lunuqnueiu昌叔H ( suoq jseajq) tunujajs寻

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4、njaiuni|为蹲 IPioqdjx#11 ujnuja;sp!ujpronation旋前supination 旋后circumductoin 环转vertebral column脊柱intervertebral disc椎间盘temporal-mandibular joint 颗下颌关节shoulder joint 肩关节elbow joint肘关节radiocarpal joint肩关节radiocarpal joint挠腕关节pelvis骨盆hip joint懿关节knee joint膝关节ankle joint踝关节muscle 肌肉tendon肌腱fascia筋膜tendinous

5、 sheath 腱鞘trapezius斜方肌latissimus dorsi背阔肌sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突的scalenus 斜角肌pectoralis major胸大肌intercostales肋间肌diaphragm膈肌inguinal canal 腹股沟管masseter 咬肌temporalis 颗肌deltoid三角肌biceps brachii 肱二头肌triceps brachii 肱三头肌axillary fossa 腑窝gluteus maximus 臀大肌piriformis梨状肌sartorius缝匠肌quadriceps femoris 股四头肌t

6、riceps surae 小腿三头肌femoral triangle 股三角3、内脏Visceraviscera内脏oral cavity 口腔lip唇cheek颊palate腭tooth牙dentes 牙 tongue舌parotid gland 腮腺pharynx咽esophagus食管stomach gaster 胃duodenum十二指肠jejunum 空肠ileum 回肠large intestine 大肠caecum盲肠vermiform (appendix )阑尾colon结肠rectum直肠anal canal 肛管dentate line 齿状线anus肛门liver (he

7、par )月干porta hepatis 月干gallblader胆囊pancreas月linose鼻nasal cavity鼻月空paranasal sinus鼻旁窦larynx喉laryngeal cavity 喉月空vocal cord声带trachea气管bronchi 支气管lung 肺pulmonary 肺的pleura胸膜mediastinum 纵隔kidney肾renal pilvis 肾盂ureter输尿管urinary bladder膀胱urethra 尿道testis睾丸epididymis 附睾ductus deferens输精管spermatic cord 精索pro

8、state前列腺scrotum阴囊penis阴茎ovary卵巢uterine tube输卵管uterus子宫vagina阴道clitoris阴蒂mamma(breast )乳房mammary papilla(nipple )乳头perineum会阴pelvic diaphragm 盆膈peritoneum 腹膜omentum网膜4、心血管系统Cardiovascular systemheart心artery动脉vein静脉capillary 毛细血管atrium心房ventricle心室tricuspid valve三尖瓣bicuspid valve二尖瓣aortic valve主动脉瓣pul

9、monary valve肺动脉瓣sinuatrial node窦房结atrioventricular node 房室结atrioventricular bundle 房室束right/left bundle branch 右 /左束支coronary artery冠状动脉coronary sinus 冠状窦pericardium 心包aorta主动脉innominate artery无名动脉（头臂干）common carotid artery 颈总动脉carotid sinus 颈动脉窦internal （external ） carotid artery 颈内（外）动脉facial arte

10、ry 面动脉subclavian artery锁骨下动脉mesenteric artery肠系膜动脉common iliac artery骼总动脉popliteal artery 月国动脉vena cava 腔静脉internal jugular vein 颈内静脉cephalic vein 头静脉basilic vein贵要静脉saphenous vein 隐静脉lymphatic duct 淋巴导管thoracic duct 胸导管lymph node 淋巴结spleen月thymus胸腺5、感觉器 sense organssensory organ感觉器receptor感受器visual

11、 organ 视器eyeball 眼球cornea角膜sclera巩膜choroid 脉络膜ciliary body 睫状体iris虹膜retina视网膜optic disc 视神经盘macula lutea 黄斑aqueous humor 房水lens晶状体vitreous body 玻璃体eyelid 眼睑conjunctiva 结膜lacrimal gland 泪腺vestibulocochlear organ 前庭蜗器ear ( auris ) 耳auricle耳廓acoustic meatus耳道tympanic cavity鼓室tympanic membrane 鼓膜pharyng

12、otympanic tube 咽鼓管bony (membranous ) labyrinth 骨(膜)迷路vestibule 前庭semicircular canal 半规管cochlea耳蜗cochlear duct 蜗管olfactory organ嗅器gustatory organ味器taste bud味蕾skin皮肤6、神经系统Nervous systemcentral nervous system中枢神经系统 peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统 visceral nerve 内脏神经医学教.育网搜集afferent nerve 传入神经efferent

13、nerve 传出神经neuron 神经元axon 轴突dendrite树突glia 神经月交质gray matter 灰质white matter白质cortex皮质madulla髓质nucleus神经质ganglion神经节fasciculus神经束nerve神经spinal nerve 脊神经cervical plexus颈丛brachial plexus臂丛lumbar plexus腰丛sacral plexus舐丛phrenic nerve膈神经median nerve正中神经ulnar nerve尺神经radial nerve模神经femoral nerve股神经ischiatic

14、nerve坐骨神经common peroneal nerve腓总神经cranial nerve 颅（脑）神经olfactory nerve 嗅神经optic nerve视神经oculomotor nerve 动眼神经trochlear nerve滑车神经trigeminal verve三叉神经abducent nerve展神经facial nerve 面神经vestibulocochlear nerve前庭蜗神经glossopharyngeal nerve舌咽神经vagus nerve迷走未申经accessary nerve 副神经hypoglossal nerve舌下神经autonomic

15、nervous system自主神经vegetative nervous system植物神经sympathetic nerve交感神经parasympathetic nerve副交感神经spinal cord 脊髓encephalon (brain )月商brain stem 月百干medulla oblongata 延髓pons 脑桥mesencephalon 中脑midbrain中脑cerebellum小脑diencephalon 间月百thalamus丘脑hypothalamus 下丘脑hypophysis垂体telencephalon端脑cerebrum大脑cerebral cort

16、ex 大月百皮质corpus striatum 纹状体internal capsule 内囊spinothalamic tract皮质脊髓束medial lemniscus内侧丘系lateral lemniscus外侧丘系spinal lemniscustrigeminal lemniscus7、体表标记Anatomic marksnaso-labial groovesuprasternal fossasupraclavicular fossainfraclavicular fossaarmpit (axillary fossamidsternal (midian )anterior midi

17、an lineparasternal linemidclavicular linemammillary (nipple , posterior ( midscapular linemidspinal linedorsomedian linelinea paravertebralis the left (right ) upper abdomen epigastrium脊髓丘系三叉丘系鼻唇沟胸骨上窝锁骨上窝锁骨下窝）腋窝anterior ) axillary lineline胸骨中线（正中线）前正中线胸骨旁线锁骨中线milk ） line乳线腋后（中，前）线肩胛线脊柱中线后正中线脊椎旁线（quadrant ）左（右）上腹上腹部the middle abdomen 中腹部the lower abdomen 下腹部linea pararectalis 腹直肌旁线anterior superior spine