英语读音规则2016

1、英语读音规则 2016开音节绝对开音节单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如: we no blue baby student secret 相对开音节单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母(r 除外),再加一个不发音字母e或一个元音字母后有一个不发音的 e。如：die 死，keep 保持。多元音相连省略发音， 元音a, e, i, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音), 紧音(小口音)表示语音持续不断的时间较长，长元音和双元音是紧音例外second，present，ever，hover，modern，proper。 闭音节绝对闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅

2、字组结尾的重读音节.如：map bag egg fish not cup 相对闭音节第二音节中是非重读音节i时，应将两元音字母中间的辅音字母划归前一音节，形成重读闭音节，使第一音节中的a，e，i，o大多读短元音。如：pit'y 同情，bod'y 身体。spanish，habit，message， system， profit 元音a, e, i, o, u在闭音节读短元音元音开音节发小口音（紧音），闭音节发大口音（松音）表示语音持续不断的时间较短。短元音是松音active，mentality，improbable，prosperityFrustration但u一般读其字母音。如

3、student，human，funeral，university等。 成节音/l/，/n/是响音在词尾也可构成非重读音节。词尾的-le可以和其前边的辅音组成一个音节。如able，peo-ple apple。telltel前的元音读得并不长，而把尾辅音读得长些。双元音后续清辅音或另一音节发得短干脆些。浊辅音/m/，/ng/m，n，既响亮，其长度相当于一个元音。comekm， manmæn， singsi，多音节多音节词的重音一般落在倒数第三个音节上，倒数第五个音节是次重音。在多音节词中，应将中间的辅音字母划归前一音节，形成重读闭音节。如capital，medical，ability，p

4、roperty，democracy等。但u一般读其字母音。如student，human，funeral，university等。 少数情况下受相邻字母等因素的影响字母发次音(字母的次要读音) 轻音节尽量保留字根的发音，最后要有声验证发音,不顺口调整发音， 多音节一重多轻 (重音在最顺口的位置尽量发大口音)， 古老、外来单词不规则发音单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic), 重读音节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音lit tle. pr,pl,fr,cl,sp,st, sk, scr, gr这类组合字母在划分音节时一般不拆开，

5、 fa'ther 父亲，tea'cher教师。单词尾加er、est、ing等第一个元音字母肯定发音的词尾时,通常增加一个音节,并且把单词尾的辅音字母“抢”过来当音节头。如rest-room, it-self，how-ever这种情况下两个单词一般分开发音,不合并。若两个单词的头尾相接字母是字母表里的固定组合字母，一般也要拆开发音，不合并。 一个元音处于音节、单词或语句末尾时，要比它后面还有辅音或另一音节时发得长。元音后面跟浊辅音时要比跟清辅音时发得长。区别其清浊就主要靠前面元音的长度。英国人把以清辅音为结尾的音节总是读得特别干脆，对浊辅音前的元音拉长，清辅音前即使是长元音，也要

6、发得短，浊辅音前即使是短元音，也要发得长些。长元音、双元音还是比短元音要长些。在ei，u，ai，au前半部都比后半部长而清楚，后半部则短而含混。i，/，u相反。 单音节单词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop-hop ped). 但是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个音/ks/. 双音节词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin- be gin ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud

7、get). 辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破Sit down: 发音再次的老师都不会发出 t 音 Contact lens: ig cake told me e change d night, 以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词  Id li(ke a)nother bow(l o)f rice. like / laik /，another 以元音开头（h开头的单词h不发音）what wil(l he) wilido? Ha(s he) done it before? s(t he) ti go n he do it? Should he.?&#

8、160; Tell him to ask her.Lea(ve him) vim. or him (连读这个词，会发现和forum 很相似) 重音定位规则 捷克语重音首音节上 ，波兰语重音倒数第二个音节上 ，法语重音末音节上，英语和俄语的是自由重音,词缀在派生词中，词根重读词缀不重读。单音节加前缀构成的双音节词，重音在第二音节，双音节或多音节词加了前缀或后缀后，按原来词根的重读音节读音，重音落在倒数第二个音节的字母组合：加前缀后，原重读位置不受影响，但前缀的字母组合作为一个音节可重读或次重读，一些词缀需要重读，rebuild，antibody examineexamination，econom

9、economic about' 关于，report' 报告 Research television advertisement Anticipatorily laboratory preparatory 'dazzlebe'dazzle co'operate  'operate'forceen'force    'logicalil'logical literateil'literate  'constantin'constant词性实词（动

10、词、名词、副词）重读，； 虚词（介词、代词）弱读，元音音节弱化成 或：for/to/some/does/of for: 重读时f: , 弱读时 f 动词重音在第二个音节，名词或形容词在第一个音节，有些单字当它做名词或形容词时，重音一般放在第一音节；而当做动词时，重音则放在第二音节上，动词或副词有次重音和重音，Overhead Overload Attribute Contract Extract abstract   Perfect Suspect Object Project Subject Conflict Conduct Contrast Relay Contest Prote

11、st Digest Convert Exploit Present Produce Record Decrease Transport Export Import Permit Insult Perfume Progress 名词 动词'abstract ab'stract 'digest di'gest 'torment tor'ment 'compress com'press'conduct con'duct 'progress pro'gress 形容词   &#

12、160;  动词'absent    ab'sent 'frequent   fre'quent'perfect    per'fect音节（1）最后音节的是短元音，重音就落最后音节上。ca'jole ca'rouse de'vote e'rase main'tainex'treme i'nane obs'cure re'mote sin'cere最后音节的是长元音和双

13、元音，后又跟着两个辅音，重音就落在最后这个音节上。a'dapt co'llapse e'lect de'fend la'ment au'gust co'rrupt di'rect i'mmense suc'cinct有些以长元音和双元音结尾的名词重音落在词尾的长元音和双元音上。ba'zaar ca'reer chimpan'zee kanga'roo ma'chine Addict accent abstract annex（2）最后音节是短元音，倒数第二音节是长元音和双元音

14、，重音就落在这个长元音和双元音上即落在倒数第二音节上。an'ginza a'roma bala'laika ho'rizon throm'bosis最后音节是长元音和双元音，倒数第二音节元音后跟有两个辅音，重音就落在倒数第二音节的短元音上。a'genda as'bestos pla'centa sy'nopsis ve'randa 最后音节和倒数第二音节都是长元音和双元音，重音就落在倒数第二音节上。as'tonish 'cancel con'sider e'licit em'

15、barrass'common 'frantic 'handsome 'solid 'vulgar（3）有些尾音节是长元音和双元音的名词或形容词，重音不落在元音上，而是落在倒数第三音节上。Anecdote 'candidate 'comatose 'erudite 'pedigree最后三个音节都是长元音和双元音，重音就落在倒数第三音节上。A'merica as'paragus 'asterisk 'labyrinth 'venison同音词mite /mait/ might mare

16、/m/ mayor hare/h/ hair while/wail/ wilr hi/ai/ highsay says hand handkerchief unifit unitil nation national worth worth some handsome know knowledge cone incone nature natural face surface fast nreakfast house houses，bear beard table vegetable up upon south southem body nobody woman women office off

17、icial mean mean deal dealt politice polite breath breath break breakfast child child Bow Desert Incoporate Invalid Lead Minute Present Refuse Tear Used Wind Approximate Associate， Duplicate Elaborate Estimate Experiment Graduate Live  rient Ornament Postulate Separate Sow bow row advert affix a

18、nnex bass console corps consort content converse convict defect collect suspect defile desert dove essay diffuse aget cursed blessed learned bclovcd use impress abssed boat swain chaos preface gunwale handkerchied汉语拼音与英语语音 音素方面1单元音汉语拼音中的扁唇前元音韵母i，而英语中有类似音素/i:/和/i/。/bi:t/beat和/bit/bit汉语普通话“衣服”或“医院”中的韵

19、母i，英语中的/:/；/u:/u/；/:/和/a:/和汉语拼音o、u、e、a的音位相近。2在双元音方面，集中双元音/i/、/、/u/。汉语拼音中的合口双韵母外，开口双韵母， ia、ie、ua不等于由半元音和单元音构成的音节。不能把/ja:d/、/jes/读成iad和ies。3六个爆破音分为送气清辅音和不送气浊辅音汉语拼音中的爆破音分为送气和不送气清辅音b、g、d和英语中的/b/、/g/、/d/在清音和浊音方面的区别。清浊不同的辅音音素/s/z/，/f/v/；汉语拼音中只有s和f。（清辅音破擦音，英语中的/z/在发音部位方法上相差甚远。浊辅音唇齿音/v/在偶尔也被用来代替音节前的韵母w， “晚间

20、新闻”读作vn jin xn vén。4辅音的位置除了/h/和/辅音可位于音节前后。/v:b/、/s:v/、/reis/、/trai/、/pleis/。在汉语拼音的鼻辅音/n/和/可以后置，一般都位于音节之前。把/pa:ti/读成/'p:ti/；把/w:k/读成/w:k/。5辅音连缀汉语拼音中的辅音都是单独出现在音节前后在辅音连缀之间夹进一个元音。把/p'li:z/读成/pli:z/；把/splæ/读成/splæ/。音渡方面1连读在同一个意群中，凡是以元音开始的音节，它都可以与其前一音节的最后一个音素发生连读。'll beback in h

21、alf an hour。读作：/ail bi'bæk in'ha:f n au/ ayask how old you are？ /mei ai'a:sk hau'uld ju /汉语普通话以韵母开始的音节都用了一个声门阻塞音/?/ （glottal stop）。棉袄mián ?o，不被读成miáno（棉脑）；天安门tin ?n mén，不变成tinán mén（天南门）了。2同化英语中还有顺同化现象和溶同化现象等。/faiv pens/（five pence），浊辅音/v/由于受到清辅音/p/的影响而读

22、成/faif pens/；/hæz t/（has t）读成/hæs to/。/hæs u:/（horse shoe），齿龈摩擦音/s/由于受到硬颚齿龈摩擦音/的影响，在发音部位上发生了逆同化现象而读成/h:u:/；/ten'minits/'ten minutes）发生逆同化现象，读成/ten'minits/。在汉语普通话中，cupboard同化现象却十分罕见。例如，“好吧”ho ba，cupboard1从单词重音英语中只有一个重音，多音节词还有次重音，次重音和重音绝没有紧挨在一起的；汉语中组成词的每一个字（都有重音。英语介词、连词、冠词、助

23、动词等使用率很高的词，一般都用弱读式，英语的句子重音就难得挨在一起；在汉语的句子中，句子重音一个紧挨着一个。2音速英语是重音节拍语言。重读音节有规律地出现，节奏组以大致相等的时间间隔先后出现，汉语则属音节节拍语言。句子中的每个音节所占的时间大体上相等。就会把英语的节奏全给破坏了。3语调和声调英语是一种语调语言。语调属于整个句子不属于某个单词。汉语则属于声调语言。而必须把视线转移到语调上来。 字母A的发音规则在重读开音节中/ei/绝对开音节face place race space palace grade trade age page cake lake shake make take mis

24、take wake awake snake pale tale sale game lame name shame same plane shape paper tape phase fate hate date gate late state skate haste taste plate cave save wave slave brave nature native Asia able table potato Radio baby lady lazy /hæv/ have.shakeshookshakenmakemademadetaketooktakenmistakemist

25、ookmistakenwakewokewokenawakeawokeawokenHave(has)hadhad相对开音节ai/ayafraid rain wait aid relaymaid waist strait straight raise praise tail tailor fail failure sail sailor nail rail aim pain paint chain main remain mainly gain plain train grain brain dail trail waiter spray bayonet Quay hay relay lay ma

26、y pay say way away railway stay gray tray maybe play delay curtay daytime daylight day today everyday laylaidlaidmaymightpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaid 除外/ai/ aisle /e/again againest saidtion前Nation examination imagination station situation graduation education relation population congratulation information

27、 operation liberation celebration pronunciation -ation结尾的英语词汇保留了法语的词重音总是落在末音节nge前strange stranger danger dangerous Change arrange在重读闭音节/æ/绝对闭音节flash ash Cap map wrap cat fat hat bat rat that flat tax gas mass catch hatch match snatch add dad sad bad mad bag rag drag fan can man ant sand hand ga

28、ther travel jacket habit rapid practice flag glad plastic plastics Paris captain action absent camel pal candle plan planet blanket thank thankful bank rank Frank mankind handsome handwriting handkerchief understand grandson angry hang anger anxious perhaps exact satellite satisfy passenger family e

29、xactly imagine transcriptional canade atter carry marry hammer grammar manner channel banner apple happy happen arrow narrow sparrow carriage barrel matter cattle battle altogether age ally camp lamp stamp land stand understand grand cancould-catchcaughtcaughthandhunghungedhandhandedhandedstandstood

30、stoodunderstandunderstoodunderstood/a: /ss，st，sk，sp前ask Task basket basketball grasp gasp cast fast past last master Class classroom pass glass glasses grassland plantN,th,lm，lf，f前demand command after bath Path rather father calf Half Calm palm Advance advanced dance chance France （重读闭音节中的a后遇爆破音/t/，

31、/d/，/k/，/g/，/p/，/b/或破擦音/t/时，都发成/æ/。Cat bag catch n，m前的重读字母a，都读成/æ/。plan，sand，ramble，jam）  /f/，/m/，/n/，/s/ ，/，/ð/ 后askcalfexamplechancepath英语（BE）/a: /a:sk/ka:f/ig'za:mpl/t a:ns/pa: /美语（AE）/æ/æsk/kæf/ig'zæmpl/t æ ns/pæ/e/相对闭音节Any many ate/:/ala

32、ll tall ball call recall hall wall small Chalk walk talk fall/:l/ always almost also salt bald false valley shall shallow challenge Allanshallshouldau/ awCause pause author August astronaut autumn caught daughter taught naughty launch fault Law lawyer jaw raw draw drawing saw sawmill hawk crawl awfu

33、l/ / Australian because /a:/Aunt laughdrawdrewdrawnsawsawedSawn,sawed/w，wh，qu/w/音后What whatever watch watchtower wash Washington wallet swallow wander want quality quantity was 例外whale Water wake wave非重读音节/ei/动词和ate中alace elebrate Operate liberate celebrate hesitate Calculate translate omrade persua

34、de centigrade 例外comrade/i/a+辅音 (r外) +eVillage Manage cottage cabbage language courage message savage comrrade surface private ai, ay, Monday holiday Sunday fountain mountain portrait /Canada across agree again china woman captain breakfast curtain词尾为长音a时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay) a-,ab-,ac-,ad

35、-,al-重音在第二音节前 a-a-名词在-这上，ahead在头顶上 abroad在国外 aside在外面 Above在上面 about在周围a-不及物动词处于-状态 alive 活着 awake醒着Extra-外Extraordinary 非常的，格外的 Extra-curricular课外的Ultra-之外，极，超Ultra-violet紫外线 ultra-leftist极左分子Arch-主要的Arch-reactionary arch-Anti-反对Anti-imperialist反帝的 antitibiotic抗生的Trans-Transoceanic横渡大西洋 transformat

36、ion 改造 transslate翻译Mal-恶Maltreat 虐待 malpractice不法行为字母E/e发音规则 重读开音节/i:/绝对开音节be he she me we eve scene Negro these Chinese Japanese complete appreciate metre kilometre 例外theBe(am is,are)Was,waerebeeneasea Lead leader read leadship cheap leap eat seat heat beat meat neat repeat defeat wheat treat east

37、beast least weak speak speaker leaf each tea teach teacher reach league leave peace weave weaver please pleased increase breathe deal meal steal team steam stream scream dream lean clean mean meaning European season reason reasonable easy easily eager plead/e/dead head ahead behead ready already ins

38、tead thread bread spread deaf death breath health wealth healthy sweat weather measure pleasure heaven heavy peasant breakfastbreast /i/ area idea Real realize really reality theatre /ei/ Break greatleadledledreadreadreadleapLeapt,leapedLeapt,leapedeatateeatenspeakspokespokenteachtaughttaughtdealdea

39、ltdealtstealstolestolendreamDreamt, dreamedDreamt, dreamedleanLeant,leanedLeant, leanedpleadPleaded,pledPleaded,pledbreakbrokebrokeneesee bee knee kneel flee freel free freeze freezing three tree agree degree Feel feeling reel steel keep sheep deep jeep weep sweep sleep seek week speech feed bleed b

40、reed seed deed need Indeed Succeed speed sleeve seem between seventeen seen queengreen been screen freedom sheet meet meeting street 除外/i/coffeeseesawseenkneelKnelt, kneeledKnelt, kneeledfleefledfledfreezefrozeforzenfeelfeltfeltkeepkeptkeptweepweptweptsweepsweptsweptsleepsleptsleptspeedspedspedfeedf

41、edfedbleedbledbledbreedbredbredspeedspeededspeededseeksoughtsoughtmeetmetmeteoPeople leopard leotard除外geography重读闭音节/e/绝对闭音节step debt bet get forget let set wet jet net yet check neck yes flesh fresh pest test chest best rest west desk left text next egg beg leg length strength help helpful them pen

42、 ten hen then when fetch bench French bed red Fred end bend lend send spend ever clever never however expert desert metal special western question second elder seldom welcome member empire temple chemist enter century centre entrance splendid upset accept inspect protect elect correctly collect corr

43、ect connect connected suggest hotel myself percent invent attend recognize technical medical chemistry chemical gently gentleman together whether November expensive attention invention development french Henry plenty twenty empty separately better letter settle yesterday memory attentively Betty ess

44、ay terrify Bell tell smell sell spell swell shell well fellow yellow spelling umbrella penny Jenny merry errand terrible unless less bless lesson dress address express oppress impress press pressure progress message success successful professor depression expression possession procession rebellionbe

45、tbetbetgetgotGot,gottenforgetforgotforgottenletletletsetsetsetwetWet, wettedWet, wettedbendBentbentlendlentlentsendsentsentspendspentspenttelltoldtoldsmellSmelt,smelledSmelt,smelledsellsoldsoldspellSpelt, spelledSpelt, spellswellswelledSwellen, swelledblessblessedBlessed,blest/ ei/ei/ eyvein Eight e

46、ighth eighty freight weigh weight hey they obey grey neighbour monkey money valley /i：/key Seize ceiling receive protein/ai/eithe height leisure heifer eitherneitherBE/ai/'aið/'naið/AE/i:/'i:ðr/'ni:ðr/ ju: /eu/ ewneutral blew few flew Jew jewel new news newspaper

47、newsreel chew crew threw drew grew review nephew除外sew重音在末音节-ee/i: /Appellee chimpanzee conferee decree drawee evacuee employee grandee indictee contestee inductee goatee guarantee addressee licensee refugee-ee结尾的英语词汇重音总是落在末音节上,保留了法语的词重音总是落在末音节-een/i:n/colleen canteen preteen thirteen velevteen spalp

48、een yestreen shagreen Salween 非重读音节/i/前后辍中前辍em-,en- pre-,re- be- de- 后辍-et essbegin behind before between decide repeat actress cinema college wanted necessary basket carpet describe pocket planet ticket enemy  eleven  excuse pretty avenuken money monkey valleycounterfeit forfeited/careles

49、s Arithmetic children  open weekend silent student excellent sentence hundred 尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承担一项工作) 1使他前面的元音字母发字母音.bake gene time/type code cute. 2使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.love give blue true 3使g和c读软音/j/和/s/chance bodice charge allege. 4避免一个音节没有一个元音字母. lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble

50、fid dle 5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e. 1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是 fals). 2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye 3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如or/ore for/fore. 4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音. 如treatise giraffe 以不发音的e结尾

51、的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的e.(come-coming)-ee，-e，-é保留了法语的词重音总是落在末音节， De- re- pre- tele- em- en- ex- super- inter- courter-De-除去，否定Demilitarize非军事化 De centralization 分散，集中 Dethrone废立Re-重，再，复Re-write 重写 review复习Pre-先于Pre- war 战前的 pre-conditionTele-远Telephone电话 telescope 望远镜 television电视En- ,em-使成

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