2018高考全国Ⅰ卷英语试卷及答案

1、绝密启用前C.鸵15.C.Writeareport.C.Sheshelpful.C.At10:30.C.Bybike.C.Doctorandpatient.2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

2、到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.答案是Co1. WhatwillJamesdotomorrow?A.WatchaTVprogram.B.Giveatalk.2. Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.Shesgenerous.B.Shescurious.3. Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:

3、30.B.At8:30.4. Howdoesthewomangotowork?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.5. Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Whatdoesthe

4、womanregret?A. Givingupherresearch.B. Droppingoutofcollege.C. Changinghermajor.7. Whatisthewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?A.Ecology.B.Education.C.Chemistry.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。C.Ataxidriver.8. Whatistheman?A.Ahotelmanager.B.Atourguide.9. Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?A. Lookingforsomelocalfoods.B. Showinghe

5、raroundtheseaside.C. Offeringinformationaboutahotel.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Athome.11. Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening?A.Gotoaconcert.B.Visitafriend.12. WhoisAlicegoingtocall?A.Mike.B.Joan.C.Atarestaurant.C.Workextrahours.C.Catherine.听第9段材料，

6、回答第13至16题。13. Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?A. Tolookatanapartment.B. Todeliversomefurniture.C. Tohaveamealtogether.C.Itsquality.C.Itsadequatelyequipped.C.Makepayment.C.Collegestudents.C.Hesgrateful.14. Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?A.Itscolor.B.Itsdesign.15. Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?A.Itsa

7、goodsize.B.Itsnewlypainted.16. Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Godowntown.B.Talkwithherfriend.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Moviefans.B.Newsreporters.18. WhendidthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?A. Beforehelefthishometown.B. AfterhecametoAmerica.C. Whenhewas15yearsold.19. Howd

8、oesthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?A.Hesproud.B.Hessympathetic.20. Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A. Howeducationshapedhislife.B. Howhislanguageskillsimproved.C. Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryB

9、lossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear

10、!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours（4miles）JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,英语试题第3页（共14页）D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.Capi

11、talCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comforta

12、blebikesandasmoothtourroute（路线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours（7miles）JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequ

13、entstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21. Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A. CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B. WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C. CapitalCityBik

14、eTourinWashington,D.C.D. WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.22. WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.23. Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetylights.BG

15、oodMorningBritainSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtoprepare英语试题第4页（共14页）deliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoredu

16、cefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshesbeenabletoputalotofwhatsheslearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WdoveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,“sheexplains.Ipayh5f

17、oi),aDpoMatt(makesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswerenotawarehowcheaplywemakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系歹U节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITVSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthev

18、astrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.IntonightsEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamilyslongweekendccelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyr

19、ecipes.24. WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.25. HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D

20、.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.26. Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.27. Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A. KeepingFitbyEatingSmartC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefB. Providesomeadviceforthereaders.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.B.

21、BalancingOurDailyDietD.CookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbe

22、lievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-st

23、ateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesi

24、shugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themed

25、iannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheU

26、nitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.29.WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsA.Complex.C.Powerful.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.D.Theyw

27、erecloselyconnected.dominantunderlinedinparagraph2?B.Advanced.D.Modern.30. Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.31. Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A. Newlanguageswillbecreated.B. Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.英语试题第6页(共14页)

28、C. Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D. Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.Thatsbadnewsfortheenvironmeatidourwallets-astheseou

29、tdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslifefromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.

30、Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asw

31、eaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidnthrowoutouroldones.Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekidsroom,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,“saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.Werenotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-we

32、continuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbittsteam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhatthesolution（解决方案）？Theteamdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersa

33、lsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32. Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevice

34、s?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.33. WhydidBabbittsteamconducttheresearch?A. Toreducethecostofminerals.B. Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.英语试题第7页（共14页）C. Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D. Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionoft

35、hedevices.34. Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.35. Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A. Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，茜分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Colori

36、sfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyoullalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyoulovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthatfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overth

37、eyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthererereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38.Theyrethelttespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirro

38、rsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequire

39、abiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryourtookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.A.WhileallofthemareusefulB. WhateveryouelookingforC.

40、 IfyoureexperimentingwithacolorD. SmallcolorchoicesaretheonesweremostfamiliarwithE. ItnotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF. Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG. Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分

41、）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“freedourse,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn42a/fewtdollars?Morethanthat,Idalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren43e

42、noughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame46.Iscouldhardlywaitto47him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis48wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49thatourcredi

43、tswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto50theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,52,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat53andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,Iingtonsetwhatthe55me:Theabsolu

44、temostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood57.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent（对手）isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60asajournalist.41. A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddown42. A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay

45、43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest47.A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job49.A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51.A.addB.e

46、xposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.reb

47、uildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdonthavetorunfastorfor10ng62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,b

48、eoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycanmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdise

49、aseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwiseitpsobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles（肌肉）,avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyanditsalways69（energy）.Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的