测量学英文专业术语

1、测量学英文专业术语第一章绪论测绘Surveying测定survey测设layout普通测量学Generalsurvey大地测量学geodeticsurvey摄影测量与遥感学Photogrammetryandremotesensing海洋测绘学Marinesurveying工程测量学Engineeringsurveying制图学cartography测量基准面datumplane大地水准面Geoidalsurface水准面levelplane参考椭球面referenceellipsoid旋转椭球Rotatingellipsoid大地坐标系Geodeticcoordinatesystem空间直角坐

2、标系spatialrectangularcoordinates独立平面直角坐标系Independentplanerectangularcoordinatesystem高斯平面直角坐标系Gaussplanerectangularcoordinatesystem高斯投影Gaussianprojection高程系统Verticalsystem曲率curvity/Curvature平面控制测量Theplanecontrolsurvey高程控制测量Elevationcontrolsurvey第二章水准测量水准测量LevelingSurveying水平视线horizontalsight高程elevatio

3、nheight高差Differenceofheight后视backsight前视foresight水准尺Levelingrod水准仪TheLevel(instrument)尺垫turningpointplate微倾式水准仪slightlyleaninglevel(instrument)望远镜telescope水准气泡bubble基座base物镜objectives目镜eyepieces聚焦透镜thefocuslens十字丝分划板thecrosspartitionboard目镜调焦螺旋eyepieceopticalscrew物镜调焦螺旋objectivesopticalscrew管水准器tube

4、levelbubble圆水准器roundlevelbubble三脚架Thetripod视差parallax视准轴Collimationaxis水准点Benchmark水准路线Levelingline闭合水准路线closedlevelroute附合水准路线annexedlevelroute支水准路线spurlevelroute转点(Turningpoint)闭合差misclosures闭合差允许误差：Misclosureallowableerror检核check校正Calibration补偿器compensator第三章角度测量角度测量Anglessurveying水平角Horizontalan

5、gle(HA)竖直角Theverticalangle(VA)光学经纬仪opticaltheodolite照准部Collimationdevice望远镜Telescope,竖直度盘verticaldish,verticalcircle水准管Levelbubble读数设备Readingsequipment水平度盘Horizontaldish测微尺Micro-distancemeasuringsensor垂球Plumbbob对中centring整平level光学对中器opticalcenteringdevice侧回法Observationsetmethod方向观测法directionobservat

6、ionmethod竖直角指标误差Indexerrorofverticalangle竖轴TheverticalaxisVV水平轴ThehorizontalaxisHH望远镜视准轴ThetelescopecollimationCC对中误差Plummeterror目标偏心差Targeteccentricerror电子经纬仪Electronictheodolite第四章距离测量和直线定向距离测量Distancesurveying直线定向lineorientation钢尺Steeltape定线Fixingline视距测量Stadiameasurement电磁波测距仪Electromagneticrang

7、efinder微波测距仪Microwaverangefinder光电测距仪Photoelectricrangefinder激光测距仪Laserrangefinder红外测距仪Infraredrangefinder相位测距仪Phasetyperangefinder脉冲式测距仪Pulsedrangefinder全反射棱镜Totalreflectingprisms真北方向Truenorthdirection磁北方向Magneticnorthdirection坐标北方向Coordinatesnorthdirection方位角Azimuth真方位角Trueazimuth(A)磁方位角Magneticaz

8、imuth(Am)坐标方位角Gridazimuth(a)磁偏角Magneticdeclination子午线收敛角meridianconvergencermE罗盘compass第五章全站仪测量全站仪TOTALSTATION水平制动、微动螺旋Horizontalmotionclamp,Horizontaltangentscrew光学对中器Opticalplummettelescope粗瞄镜Sightingcollimator物镜Objectivelens整平脚螺旋Levelingscrew竖直制动、微动螺旋Verticalmotionclamp,Verticaltangentscrew目镜Tele

9、scopeeyepiece管水准器Platelevel圆水准器Circlelevel单棱镜组Singleprismsystem超站仪(Smartstation)Automatictotalstation,ultrastationinstrument交会测量Resectionmeasurement放样测量Setting-outsurvey对边测量MissingLineMeasurement(MLM)悬高测量RemoteElevationMeasurement(REM)第六章测量误差的基本理论测量平差：SurveyingAdjustment测量误差：surveyingerrors系统误差：Syst

10、ematicerror偶然误差：randomerror；accidentalerror最或是值：Themostprobablevalue多余观测：Redundantobservation算术平均值：arithmeticaverage；Arithmeticmeans精度指标：Accuracyindex中误差：Rootmeansquareerror(RMSE)允许误差：Allowableerror相对误差：Relativeerror观测值改正数：Observationcorrectionvalue误差传播定律：Lawoferrorspropagation全微分：Totaldifferential权

11、：Weight加权平均值：Theweightedaverage(mean)权倒数传播定律：Weightreciprocalpropagationlaw第七章控制测量控制测量：Controlsurveying碎部测量：detailedsurveying平面控制网:Planecontrolnetwork高程控制网:Elevationcontrolnetwork小区域控制网：Smallareacontrolnetwork控制点：controlpoints国家控制网：StateControlnetGPS测量：GPSsurveying导线测量：traversesurveying三角测量：trigonom

12、etricsurvey三边测量：trilateralsurveying光电测距仪：photoelectricrangefinder闭合导线：Closedtraverse;附和导线：Connectingtraverse;支导线：Opentraverse.野外勘察：Fieldreconnaissance坐标方位角：Coordinatesazimuth交会定点：Intersectionfixed-point测边交会：Side-surveyingintersection第八章大比例尺地形图测绘大比例尺地形图测绘：TopographicSurveyingandMappinginLargeScale地形:

13、Terrain地物:Groundfeature地貌:Landscape比例尺:Scale依比例符号：Proportionalsymbols非比例符号：Disproportionalsymbols半比例尺符号（线性符号）:Semi-Disproportionalsymbols（Linearsymbols）地形图图式:mapschemata地貌符号:Landscapesymbols等高线:Contourline注记符号:Notesymbols等高距:contourinterval等高线平距:contourhorizontaldistanee山头:Peak洼地:depressions示坡线:slop

14、eline山脊:Ridge与山谷:valley合水线:Closewaterline分水线:watershedline鞍部（垭口）:Saddle陡坡:Steep悬崖:cliff首曲线（又称基本等高线）:intermediatecontour计曲线（又称加粗等高线）:indexcontour间曲线（又称半距等高线）:half-intervalcontour地形图分幅与编号:Subdivisionandindex梯形分幅与编号:Trapezoidsubdivisionandindex平板仪及其使用:Planetable视距丝:Stadiasilk竖直角的竖盘:Perpendicularplate地形图的拼接:splice地形图的整饰:trim第九章大比例尺地形图的应用图号、图名和接图表：mapnumber,mapname,adjacentmapchart图廓：M