第十讲：中西观念比较

1、Lecture 10: Comparison of Chinese and Western PerceptionPerception is the process of selecting, organizing and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our world.This process includes identification（识别）（识别）, interpretation （阐释）（阐释）and evaluation（评估）（评估）. Perception is ofte

2、n affected by culture. The same priciple causes people from different cultures to interpret the same event in different ways. 1. What is Perception?1. What is Perception?据说一位美国人、一位德国人、一位日本人和一位中国人一据说一位美国人、一位德国人、一位日本人和一位中国人一起餐馆水族馆，美国人会发出感叹：起餐馆水族馆，美国人会发出感叹：“Terrific!”赞美鱼硕大赞美鱼硕大优美的体型；德国人详细了解水温和鱼的习性；日本人考

3、察优美的体型；德国人详细了解水温和鱼的习性；日本人考察鱼缸的质地和成本；中国人则关注怎么烧成菜才好吃。鱼缸的质地和成本；中国人则关注怎么烧成菜才好吃。 Case StudyQuestion: What can you see from this case? Can you tell the characteristics of each person here? Different Interpretations on personal credit To Americans, the main index for personal credit is independence and cap

4、ability. Being frank and honest, or being aggressive and confident, or being rational and decisive, would receive respect in the society. To Chinese, the main index for personal credit is ones social status. Being modest and obedient, or being humble and benevolent, or being alert and resouceful, wo

5、uld receive respect in the society. Religion Time Family Self-identification Marriage & Sex 2. Main Categories of Social and Family Perception2. Main Categories of Social and Family Perception Religion Family Chinese:Chinese:home-focused;Confucian doctrine of filial piety;complicated family rela

6、tion.Westerners:Westerners:God first;self-centered;simple family relation. Case Study山东某地赵老汉有一个女儿和一个患癫痫病的儿子。女儿赴美国留学后留山东某地赵老汉有一个女儿和一个患癫痫病的儿子。女儿赴美国留学后留在美国工作并和一个美国男子结了婚，生了儿子。几年后女儿把儿子留在在美国工作并和一个美国男子结了婚，生了儿子。几年后女儿把儿子留在天津，独自带着丈夫回家探亲。赵老汉家境贫寒，为儿子看病欠下很多外天津，独自带着丈夫回家探亲。赵老汉家境贫寒，为儿子看病欠下很多外债。赵老汉认为全家曾为女儿读书付出很多，于是便

7、向女儿开口要债。赵老汉认为全家曾为女儿读书付出很多，于是便向女儿开口要3000美元，结果被拒绝。因为女婿认为，长辈不是皇帝，不能说要钱就要钱。美元，结果被拒绝。因为女婿认为，长辈不是皇帝，不能说要钱就要钱。赵父多次讨要未果，竟连到天津看望外孙的要求也被拒绝。赵老汉很生气，赵父多次讨要未果，竟连到天津看望外孙的要求也被拒绝。赵老汉很生气，一怒之下，竟用斧头砸死了熟睡中的女儿和女婿。最后，赵老汉被处以死一怒之下，竟用斧头砸死了熟睡中的女儿和女婿。最后，赵老汉被处以死刑。在法庭上，赵老汉表示自己并不后悔，但在接受记者采访时不禁伤心，刑。在法庭上，赵老汉表示自己并不后悔，但在接受记者采访时不禁伤心，老

8、泪纵横。老泪纵横。Question: How do you perceive this case? Is there anything related to culture and tradition? Marriage & Sex Time Chinese:Chinese:poly-chronic time systemWesterners:Westerners:mono-chronic time systemChinese:Chinese:flexible time control;focus on the pastWesterners:Westerners:strict time

9、 control;focus on the future Case Study Case Study迈克布格斯是来自德克萨斯州的一位项目经理，主管印尼的一支多元文迈克布格斯是来自德克萨斯州的一位项目经理，主管印尼的一支多元文化团队。周五早上开会时，他要求其团队成员化团队。周五早上开会时，他要求其团队成员9点到会。然而，直到点到会。然而，直到9点点20分，分，6位印尼成员中的最后位印尼成员中的最后3人才露面，而且每人还带来了人才露面，而且每人还带来了3名不速之名不速之客。本来会议已晚开客。本来会议已晚开20分钟，迈克还得重新布置会场，以安排这分钟，迈克还得重新布置会场，以安排这9名额名额外与会者

10、就座。尽管会议服务人员另外搬来了外与会者就座。尽管会议服务人员另外搬来了9把椅子，但是迈克发现把椅子，但是迈克发现有有4位日方成员被分隔开了，于是重新调整了座位，使位日方成员被分隔开了，于是重新调整了座位，使4位日方成员能坐位日方成员能坐到一起。然后大家都坐下等待印尼的高级成员布迪先生来做会议开场白。到一起。然后大家都坐下等待印尼的高级成员布迪先生来做会议开场白。但布迪到但布迪到9:35分才到场，原定的分才到场，原定的5分钟的讲话，他拖延到分钟的讲话，他拖延到10分钟，结果分钟，结果9点钟的会议直到点钟的会议直到9点点45分才正式开始。分才正式开始。Question: What kind of

11、 communicative conflicts can you find from this case? Self-identificationSelf-identification is the concept system about how you perceive yourself and what you choose to identify with. From the social aspect of the world, you are born without awareness of yourself as a separate individual, and a sen

12、se of self develops over time. What is Self-identification?What is Self-identification?Chinese Concept of Self-identification:Chinese Concept of Self-identification: humble oneself but respect others ones obligation is for others orientationWestern Concept of Self-identification:Western Concept of S

13、elf-identification: I is always in the first place self-orientation is ones obligation Comparison Case Study 一位华人木匠到新加坡一家美资家具公司应聘，美籍经理与他进一位华人木匠到新加坡一家美资家具公司应聘，美籍经理与他进行了下面的对话。行了下面的对话。 美：美：“你会干什么？你会干什么？” 华：华：“不敢说会，只能说打过家具。不敢说会，只能说打过家具。” 美：美：“从业时间有多长？从业时间有多长？” 华：华：“混了三十多年。混了三十多年。” 此时美籍经理颇为不悦，心想，论手艺此时美籍经

14、理颇为不悦，心想，论手艺“不敢说会不敢说会”，从业时间，从业时间三十多年，却是三十多年，却是“混混”过来的。但还是耐着性子问：过来的。但还是耐着性子问： “你能在本公司作坊打一张书桌给我看看吗？你能在本公司作坊打一张书桌给我看看吗？” 华：华：“在你这样的行家面前打桌子，岂不是班门弄斧吗？不敢！在你这样的行家面前打桌子，岂不是班门弄斧吗？不敢！不敢！不敢！” 经理一听，气得拂袖而去，木匠未被录用称谓当然的后果。经理一听，气得拂袖而去，木匠未被录用称谓当然的后果。Question: What has caused this interview fail? Social and Interpers

15、onal RelationChinese: Chinese: group interest precede overindividual interest;altruisticWesterners:Westerners:individual interest is the best self-realization of ones abilityChinese:Chinese:large circles of acquaitances;human relation, faces and destiny are essentialWesterners:Westerners:fair compet

16、ition and social contact; without sparing sensibilities3. How Perception Influence Communication3. How Perception Influence Communication Body Contact & ProxemicsAccording to American anthropologist Dr. Halls research: Intimate Distance (family members or bosom friends, 0-18 inches) Personal Distance (ordinary friends, teachers and students, 1.5-4 inches) Social Distance (clients, customers, 4-12 inches) Public Distance (public speeches, ceremonies and activities, over 12 inches)4. Conclusion4. Conclusion Peoples communication is inseperable from language and behaviors, in the m