2018上海高考试题及答案英语

1、2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。2,本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。第I卷（共103分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwos

2、peakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.Itissatisfactory.B.Itisluxur

3、ious.C.Itisold-fashioned.D.Itisdisappointing.2. A.OnAugust5th.B.OnAugust6th.C.OnAugust7th.D.OnAugust8th.3. A.Awaiter.B.Abutcher.C.Aporter.D.Afarmer.4. A.Inatheatre.B.Inalibrary.C.Inabookingoffice.D.Inafurniturestore.5. A.Sheexpectedtoabettershow.B.Shecouldhardlyfindherseat.C.Shewasn'tinterestedi

4、ntheshow.D.Shedidn'tgetafavourableseat.6. A.Thewomanofteneatsoutforbreakfast.B.Thecafeteriaservesgoodbreakfast.C.Thewomandoesn'thavebreakfast.D.Thecafeteriadoesn'tservebreakfast.7. A.Sellingcucumbers.B.Plantingvegetables.C.Cookingameal.D.Pickingtomatoes.8. A.Themanshouldworkhard.B.Theman

5、shouldturndownthejoboffer.C.Themanmayhaveanotherchance.D.Themancanapplyforthejobagain.9. A.Itisahotandsmoggyday.B.ThereisatrafficjamonKingStreet.C.Avehicleispollutingtheair.D.Themanisreadingareportonline.10. A.Itsendingisnotgoodenough.B.Itsspecialeffectsarenotsatisfying.C.Itdeservesanaward.D.Itisgoo

6、dexceptforthescarypart.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequest

7、ionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11. A.$1.B.$2C.$3D.$52.12. A.Paythebillsfirst.B. Spend2%ofthesalaryonlivingexpenses.C. Deposit$1000everymonth.D. Putpartofthemoneyinasavingsaccount.13. A.Methodsofsavingmoney.B. Savingmoneyforfamilyemergencies.C. Theimportanceofsaving

8、money.D. Secretsofspendingmoneywisely.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14. A.Freeeducation.B. Asumofmoney.C. Donationsfromalocalnewspaper.D. Giftsfrommanypeople.15. A.Letstudentsinbeforeschool.B. Offericecreamandcoffee.C. Introduceabankintothecampus.D. Reducethetrafficjamsaround.16.

9、 A.Itlackspositivenews.B. Itshouldgrowintoabigcity.C. Itisaplaceworthlivingin.D. Itremainspeacefulandquiet.SectionCDirections:InsectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhavehear

10、d.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.ClassDiary(June13-19)5!sun寇MON17forafter-classactivityapplicationS5TUEE6WEDHandinginthreestudent1857THUBasketballClubmeetingTime:12:451:30pmPlace:The19亚FRIFillinginaformw

11、ithup-to-datepersonaldataTime:20breakPlace:Thecomputerroom19SATBlank21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.WhoisSueWalter?Sheis21incourtandawriter.WhatisSuessuggestionforpeoplewithdifficulties?22InSueseyes,whatisthebestpartaboutherjob?23i

12、ndecision-making.WhatdoesSuethinkhappinessis?24II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperform.ofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseac

13、hblank.(A)BagsofLoveLastyear,Iwasassignedtoworkatanofficenearmymothershouse,soIstayedwithherforamonth.Duringthattime,Ihelpedoutwiththehouseworkandcontributedtothegroceries.Afterlessthanaweek,Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquicklywewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething.(25)(wonder)how

14、mymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.Tomysurprise,Ifoundthatshewouldpackapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine.Eventually,Idecidedtofollowherand(26)happenedtrulyamazedme.Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,in(27)shedistributedittochildren.Iask

15、edaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellknowninthearea.Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother.Thenithitmeshywouldshemotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe(28)(do)?WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop(29)(buy)thegroceriesifIfoundout?Whenshegothome,Itoldheraboutmyd

16、iscovery.(30)shecouldreact,Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidntneedtokeepitasecret(31)me.Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.Foryears,mymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare.Iwassoimpressedby(32)selflessshewas.(B)Stress:GoodorBad?

17、Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyears,stress(33)(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomental川ness.Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress(34)doesyouhar

18、m.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the(35)(good)yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessan

19、dfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself(36)numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof(37),andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientof(38)(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?.Iftheanswertoallthosequesti

20、onsisyes,youhadbetter(39)(control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyou

21、rlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely(40)(get)ill.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accountB.adjustableC.appliancesD.captureE.decorationsF.directG.experimentH.intendedI.operatedJ.soullessK.squeezeGolde

22、nRulesofGoodDesignWhatmakesgooddesign?Overtheyears,designersandartistshavebeentryingto41theessentialsofgooddesign.Theyhavefoundthatsomesayingscanhelppeopleunderstandtheideasofgooddesign.Therearefourasfollows.Lessismore.ThissayingisassociatedwiththeGerman-bornarchitectMiesvanderRohe.InhisModernistvie

23、w,beautyliesinsimplicityandelegance,andtheaimofthedesigneristocreatesolutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.Designshouldavoidunnecessary42Moreisnotabore.TheAmerican-bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly,theresultis43design.Post-Modernistdesignersbeganto44withdecorati

24、onandcoloragain.Productdesignwasheavilyinfluencedbythisviewandcanbeseeninkitchen45_suchasovensandkettles.Fitnessforpurpose.Successfulproductdesigntakesintoconsiderationaproductsfunction,purpose,shape,form,color,andsoon.Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatis46.Forexample,thinkofa（

25、n）47desklamp.Itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustmentsbytheuser.Italsoneedstobestable.Mostimportantly,itneedsto48lightwhereitisneeded.Fromfollowsemotion.ThisphraseisassociatedwiththeGermandesignerHartmutEsslinger.Hebelievesdesignmusttakeinto49thesensorysid

26、eofournaturesight,smell,touchandtaste.Theseareasimportantasrational（理性的）.Whenchoosingeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste,weappreciateacool-lookingdevicethatallowsustoeasily50thetoothpasteontoourbrush.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesm

27、arkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofinds

28、atisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,53,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian（专制的）managers.Differentcultureshavediff

29、erentwaysof55people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-makingallmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto56tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings

30、,whicharebasedongeneral57.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout59managersfirst.Thisempowerment（授权）hasb

31、eenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:60thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation（委托）muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddel

32、egationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto_63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluate

33、the65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51. A.desireB.seek52. A.contraryextreme53. A.viceversaotherwise54. A.outsideabove55. A.replacingencouraging56. A.refer57. A.agreement58. A.bossy59. A.asking60. A.doubling61. A.honoured62. A.economically

34、63. A.deny64. A.virtualon-the-scene65. A.opinionattractivenessB.expectationB.forexampleB.insideB.assessingB.contributeB.practiceB.experiencedB.trainingB.maintainingB.leftB.traditionallyB.admitB.ineffectiveB. riskC.loseD.dislikeC. degreeD.C.howeverC.belowC.managingC.objectC.electionC.westernC.warning

35、C.reducingC.crowdedC.inadequatelyC.assumeC.day-to-dayC.performanceD.D.D.D. applyD.impressionD.maleD.firingD.estimatingD.comparedD.occasionallyD.ensureD.D.SectionBDirection:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedsattments.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarke

36、dA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Oneearlymorning,IwentintothelivingroomtofindmymotherreadingathickbookcalledBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain.MyinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthatthewordPoems"appearedinbig,hotpinkletters.Isitgood?”I

37、askedher.Yeah,"sheanswered.TheresoneIreallylikeandyou'lllikeit,too."Ileanedforward.PattyPoem,'"shereadthetitle.WhoisPatty?Iwondered.Thepoembegan:Sheneverputshertoysaway,Justleavesthemscatteredwheretheylay,散舌L的Thepoemwasjustthreeshortsections.Thefinalonecamequickly:Whenshegrows

38、andgatherspoise，稳重I'llmissherharum-scarumnoise,莽撞的Andlookinvainforscatteredtoys.徒力地AndI1lbesad.Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme.WhoeverPattywas,shewasameangirl.Then,theshock.Ifsyou,honey,Mymothersaidsadly.Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparentsaffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves.Tome,theshe“inthepoemwas

39、horror.Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad.ItwassoterribleIburstoutcrying.Whatswrong?”mymotherasked.OhMama,"Icried.I"dontwanttogrowupever!”Shesmiled.Honey,itsokay.Yourenotgrowingupanytimesoon.Andwhenyoudo,I'llstillloveyou,okay?”Okay,"Iwasstillweeping.Mypanichasgone.ButIcouldnothelpthinkingab

40、outthatsillypoem.Afterwhatseemedlikeasafeamountoftime,Ireadthepoemagainandwasconfused.Itallfitsowelltogether,likeapuzzle.Thelanguagewassimple,sosimpleIcouldplainlyunderstanditsmeaning,yetitwasstillbeautiful.Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthepowertomakeorbreakapersonsworld.Ihavesincef

41、alleninlovewithotherpoems,butPattyPoem“remainsmypoem.Afterall,PattyPoem“gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.66. WhywasthewriterattractedbythebookBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain?A. Itwasathickenoughbook.B. Somethingonitscovercaughthe

42、reye.C. Hermotherwasreadingitwithinterest.D. Ithasameaningfultitle.67. Afterhermotherreadthepoemtoher,thewriterfeltatfirst.A.sadB.excitedC.horrifiedD.confused68. ThewritersmotherlikedtoreadPattyPoem“probablybecause.A. itreflectedherownchildhoodB. itwaswritteninsimplelanguageC. itwascomposedbyafamous

43、poetD. itgaveherahintofwhatwouldhappen69. Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat“PattyPoem“leadsthewritertoA. discoverthepowerofpoetryB. recognizeherloveforpuzzlesC. findhereagernesstogrowupD. experiencegreathomesickness(B)Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheear

44、ly1900s.Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth'changingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions(排放)from2018to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stuc

45、kbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofa

46、llspeciestoextinction.一2cTomeetthisminimumgoal,theAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislands,worsedrought（干旱）anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.1.5CThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushb

47、ylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5Ccouldsavethemfromsinking.0.8CThisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebegan,puttingus40%ofthewaytothe2Cpoint.0cThebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialage.70. Itcanbeconcludedfrompara

48、graph1that.A. theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020B. gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC. theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD. humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming71. IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAg

49、reement,whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?A. Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird.B. Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C. Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.D. TheAgreement'sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.72. Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaximumtempe

50、raturerise,sincethestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe.A.0.8CB.1.5CC.2CD.3.5C“，©Enoughmeaninglessdrivel”.That'sthemessagefromagroupofmembersoftheUKgovernmentwhohavebeenexamininghowsocialmediafirmslikeLinkedIngatherandusesocialmediadata.TheHouseofCommonsScienceandTechnologyCommittee'sreport

51、,releasedlastweek,hasblamedfirmsformakingpeoplesignuptolongincomprehensiblelegalcontractsandcallsforaninternationalstandardorkitemark（认证标t己）toidentifysitesthathavecleartermsandconditions.“Thetermandconditionsstatementthatweallcarelesslyagreetoismeaninglessdriveltoanyone,“saysAndrewMiller,thechairoft

52、hecommittee.Instead,hesays,firmsshouldprovideaplain-Englishversionoftheirterms.Thesimplifiedversionwouldbecheckedbyathirdpartyandawardedakitemarkifitisanaccuratereflectionoftheoriginal.Itisnotyetclearwhowouldadministerthescheme,buttheUKgovernmentislookingatintroducingitonavoluntarybasis.weneedtothin

53、kthroughhowwemakethatworkinpractice,”saysMiller.Wouldwepayanymoreattentiontoakitemark?”Ithinkifyouwentanddidthesurvey,peoplewouldliketothinktheywould,"saysNigelShadboltattheUniversityofSouthampton,UK,whostudiesopendata.“Wedoknowpeopleworryalotabouttheinappropriateuseoftheirinformation."But

54、whatwouldhappeninpracticeisanothermatter,hesays.Otherorganisationssuchasbanksaskcustomerstosignlongcontractstheymaynotreadorunderstand,butMillerbelievessocialmediarequiresspecialattentionbecauseitissonew."Westilldon'tknowhowsignif-temrtithelongimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatkidsputonsoc

55、ialmediathatcomebackandbitethemin20years'time,"hesays.Shadbolt,whogaveevidencetothecommittee,saystheproblemisthatwedon'knowhowcompanieswilluseourdatabecausetheirbusinessmodelsandusesofdataarestillevolving.Largecollectionsofpersonalinformationhavebecomevaluableonlyrecently,hesays.Theshoc

56、kandangerwhenasocialmediafirmdoessomethingwithdatathatpeopledon'texpect,evenifusershaveapparentlypermission,showthatthecurrentsituationisn'tworking.Ifproperlyadministered,akitemarkontermsandconditionscouldhelppeopleknowwhatexactlytheyaresigningupto.Althoughtheywouldstillhavetoactuallyreadthe

57、m.73. Whatdoesthephrase“meaninglessdrivel"inparagraphs1and3referto?A. Legalcontractsthatsocialmediafirmsmakepeoplesignupto.B. WarningsfromtheUKgovernmentagainstunsafewebsites.C. Guidelinesonhowtousesocialmediawebsitesproperly.D. Insignificantdatacollectedbysocialmediafirms.74. Itcanbeinferredfr

58、omthepassagethatNigelShadboltdoubtswhetherA. socialmediafirmswouldconductasurveyonthekitemarkschemeB. peoplewouldpayasmuchattentiontoakitemarkastheythinkC. akitemarkschemewouldbeworkableonanationwidescaleD. thekitemarkwouldhelpcompaniesdeveloptheirbusinessmodels75. AndrewMillerthinkssocialmedianeedsmoreattentionthanbanksmainlybecause.A. theirusersconsistlargelyofkidsunder20yearsoldB. thelanguageintheircontractsisusuallyhardertounderstandC. theinformationtheycollec