情态动词和非谓语动词

1、中考总复习六：情态动词和非谓语动词讲解与训练【考点直击】1. 情态动词can, could, may, must, need等的用法和意义；2. 情态动词表推测，判断的用法；3. 动词不定式的用法。可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语等；还可和疑问词连用充当句子成分。4. 动名词的用法。5. 分词（现在分词，过去分词）用法。 一 情态动词一 情态动词的用法1. can 用法1）表示能力，与be able to同义但can只用于现在时和过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。Two eyes can see more than one. 注：Can you ? Yes, I can / No,I c

2、ant.2). 表示允许、请求用could比can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于could I /you .?句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而不用could .Could I borrow the book ? No, you cant .3). 表示推测 “可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。（cant表示一定不是）It cant be true . Can it be true ?2.could的用法1).是can的过去时，表过去的能力。Lucy could swim at the age of five.2).could也可表示较can更为委婉的语气Could you help me？3).还

3、可以表示猜测，“很可能”Whose French book is this?This could be Alices. She studies French.3. may 用法1）表允许，请求= can 表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。注：May I .? Yes ,you may No, you cant / mustnt .在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly.2）表推测，可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。Maybe he knows the news .= He _ _ the news. 4.might 是m

4、ay的过去式，表猜测，可能性比could小。Whose guitar is this?It might belong to Alice. She plays the guitar.5.should 意为“应该”。You should go to see the doctor.6. must1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。We must do everything step by step. 注：Must I .? Yes, you must / No,you neednt(dont have to ).-Must we hand in our exercisebooks now? -N

5、o, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 2）mustnt 表禁止、不允许。 You mustnt talk to her like that.3）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can .He must be ill. He looks so pale. Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。There must be something wrong ,_ _? 7

6、.need的用法 need既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1).用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。a).Need I .? Yes , you must / No, you neednt . Need we finish the work today ? Yes you _. A.need B.can C.may D.must b).need + do sth . 变否定句：neednt do sth 变疑问句：Need sb do sth ?2).用作实义动词a).need + to do sth . We need

7、 _(buy) some school things . 变否定句：dont /doesnt /didnt +need to do sth . 变疑问句：Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ? Yes , do/ does / did No, sb dont / doesnt /didnt .You dont need to do it yourself. b).当主语是物时。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done .The table needs painting . = The table needs _ _

8、_ .8.had better 的用法1). had better + 动词原形 = Its best to do sth . You had better _ (stay )at home . = _ _ _ stay at home .2). Had better not +动词原形 We had better _(not play ) the computer games .9.must 与have to1).一般情况下，两者可互换。 must = have to 2).must “必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。（内在原因） have to “必须，不得不”强

9、调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因） I cant stop playing the computer games . For your health ,Im afraid you _. A.can B.may C.must D.had to 二情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法1.情态动词后跟完成式，表“原本应该干某事，而实际上没干”I should have finished the work earlier. He isnt here. He must have missed the train. 2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在”，“可能正在”，“应当正在”等

10、意。Its twelve oclock. They must be having lunch. They may be discussing this problem. He cant be telling the truth. She shouldnt be working like that. Shes still so weak.三情态动词的同义转换.1.can = be able to 2.must = have to 3.neednt = dont have to 4.need do sth = need to do sth .二 非谓语动词包括动词不定式，V-ing，和过去分词。一

11、、动词不定式 在句中除不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可充当。如宾语，表语，主语等。1.动词不定式作宾语。1) 在动词want , hope, would, like, decide, wish,choose, try , need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。I hope _(hear)from you soon .2) think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth He found it difficult _(get) to sleep.3) stop to do sth / stop doing sth stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 st

12、op doing sth 停止正在做的事。After working for a long time , He has to stop _(have ) a rest .He was very tired , so he had to stop _(work).2.动词不定式作宾语补。1).带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth Please ask him _(come) quickly.2).省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make /have / hear /se

13、e /notice /feel/watch+sb +do sth 注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to .He made the baby _(stop) crying .The baby was made _ _ crying.3.动词不定式作主语 三个考点1).动词不定式作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To learn English well _ not easy.2).常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n = It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth To get an injection is a

14、 little painful ._ a little painful _ _ an injection3).动词不定式常考结构句型: 想要做某事_ 想要（某人）做某事_ 帮助某人做某事_ 需要做某事_ 计划做某事_ 决定做某事 _ 尽力做某事_ 希望做某事_ 忘记做某事_ 记得做某事_ 要求某人做某事_ 告诉某人做某事_It + be + 名词 + to do sth.It takes sb. + some time + to do sth.It + be + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth.It + be + 形容词 + of sb + to do sth.It + se

15、ems(appears) + 形容词 + to do sth.4.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后名词或代词+to do(介词)注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词，但不定式若修饰 _ _ _ 词时，介词可以省略。I want a pen to write _.I want a piece of paper to write _.He has no place to live.5.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词+ to do sth 注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”.Can you tell me how

16、 I can get to the hospital ?Can you tell me _ _ _ the hospital.6.动词不定式作状语1).动词不定式可作目的状语 在come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。He came here _(get)his book.2).动词不定式可作原因状语表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语He was glad _(see) his wife.3).动词不定式可作结果状语在tooto , not enough to 句型中的动词不定式作结果状

17、语。He was too tired _(walk) on .7.动词不定式作表语 be + to do sth 注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。Her wish is _(become) a doctor ._ _ is her wish .8.动词不定式的否定形式 在动词不定式的前面加not .He told me _(not stay) here .9.动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。1).动词不定式符号的省略情况若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to .但两者有对比关系时，to都不能省略。Edisons mother taught

18、 him to write and _(read).I havent decided to go home or _(go) to the cinema.2).省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。Will you take a walk with me ? Im glad to .-Would you like to join my birthday party ?-I would love to .二、V-ing形式 包括动名词和现在分词，具有名词，代词，形容词，副词的特性，1、动名词1).动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Reading in bed _(be) bad

19、 for your eyes.2).有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。完成 实践 值得忙（_, _, _, _）继续 习惯 别放弃（_, _, _）考虑 建议 不禁想（_, _, _, _）喜欢 思念 要介意（_, _, _）常考句式：see sb. doing sth. hear sb. doing sth. watch sb. doing sth. notice sb. doing sth. find sb. doing sth. spend time doing sth.have difficulty doing sth. have fun doing sth. How abo

20、ut/What about doing? 有些些动词后用V-ing与动词不定式意义大不相同，这也是历年中考经常考查的内容。1.停止做某事_ 停下来去做某事_2.忘记/记得曾经做过某事_ 忘记/记得去做某事_3.继续做某事_ 做完一件事，接着做另一件_4.试着做某事_ 尽力做某事_三、现在分词1.现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。I saw the boy_(play)in the street just now .2.现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。A sleeping baby = a bab

21、y who _ .Did you know the man talking to Mr Li? =Did you know the man who _to Mr Li?3.现在分词表伴随情况He came into the classroom ,_(carry)a book.四、过去分词1.作宾补 这类动词有see, hear, notice, keep, find, get, have have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事I had my TV repaired last night .2.作定语单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰

22、词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?Have you ever read any books _ _ written by Luxun?3.作表语 过去分词作表语已经形容词化My cup is broken .中考演练一 单项选择( )1. Everyone _ go through the security check (安检) when enteringthe World Expo Park. A can B. may C. must D. could( )2. - Must I clean the ro

23、om now? - No, you _. You can do it tomorrow. A mustnt B. must C. neednt D. need( )3. - Look at that girl! Is it Susan? - No, it _ be her. She has gone back to her hometown. A mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wouldnt( )4. - This desk is too heavy. I _ move it. Could you help me? - No problem. A can B. can

24、t C. should D. shouldnt ( )5. - What will the weather be like tomorrow? - It _ be rainy, cloudy, or sunny. Who knows. A must B. might C. should D. shouldnt ( )6. - Must I _ my camera, Lily? - No you _. Dont worry. Ill take one myself. A to take; mustnt B. take; neednt C. to bring; neednt D. bring; m

25、ustnt( )7. - Whose exam papers is it? - It _ be Li Leis, He always forgets to write his name on it. A cant B. must C. shouldnt D. may( )8. - What should we do first if we want to develop our village? - A lot of roads _ , I think. A must build B. have to build C. must be built D. have built( )9. The

26、yellow coat _ be Lindas, because nobody likes yellowexcept her. A cant B. can C. mustnt D. must( )10. - Shall I tell John about it? - No, you _. I told him just now. A neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. shouldnt( )11. - Will you answer the telephone? It _ be your mother. - Sorry. I _. Im very busy. A can;

27、mustnt B. will; cant C. may; cant D. need; will( )12. - You _ play football in the street. Its dangerous. - OK. I wont. A can B. must C. may not D. mustnt( )13. Mr. White is of great help, so you _ let him go. A had not better B. had better dont C. had better not D. had no better( )14. - _ the exam

28、paper be handed in right now? - No it doesnt have to. You may hand it in before 11:30. A Can B. Must C. Should D. May( )15. - _ I use your mobile phone? - Certainly. Here you are. A May B. Must C. Should D. Need( )16. Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby_. A to stop cry B. stop crying C. t

29、o stop to cry D. stop to cry( )17. We have two rooms _, but I cant decide _. A to live; to choose which one B. lived; choose which one C. to live in; which one to choose D. live; which one( )16. - How would your family like to travel? - Its a problem in my family. Mother prefers to take a bus to tra

30、vel, while father always sticks _ to travel. A to drive B. to driving C. driving D. drive( )17. At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by MaHuateng to chat on line. A create B. creates C. creating D. created( )18. - What are on show in the museum? - Some photos _ by the children of Yushu,Qinghai

31、. A have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken( )19. - Are you going to the party _ at Smiths home this evening? - I will if I am free . A holding B. held C. to hold D. to be hold( )20. If people _ cutting down the forest, they will have nowhere _ A keep; to live in B. will keep; to live in C. keep; to live D. will keep; to live ( )21. His parents often encourage