英语必修ⅰ译林牛津版unit 3 练习

1、Unit 3 Science versus natureWelcome to the unit & reading精讲典析1. Science is developing so fast that it is beyond our imagination.（page 41）科学的发展如此之快，超出我们的想像。(1) beyond是介词，常见用法为：（表示时间）迟于；过了以后 Dont stay there beyond midnight. 不要过了午夜还留在那儿。 超出（某种数量、限度）；超出的范围；非可及 The switch on the wall was beyond the b

2、abys reach. 装在墙上的开关婴儿是摸不到的。We saw a building some distance beyond the woods. 我们看见在树林之外不远的地方有一个建筑物。Its beyond human power. 它超出了人的力量。If the work is beyond Tom, it is certainly beyond me. 如果汤姆干不了这项工作，我也干不了。 除之外（常用于含疑问或否定意义的结构中）I didnt notice anything beyond his rather strange accent. 除了他那颇为古怪的口音以外，我没有注

3、意到别的。 beyond作副词时表示“再往前”或“再过去”。例如：There is nothing beyond. 再过去就什么也没有了。The hill blocks our view. Whats beyond? 小山挡住了我们的视线。再往前是什么呢？(2) imagination n. “想像力、空想、幻想物”，多用作不可数名词。例如：The story shows plenty of imagination. 这个故事表现出丰富的想像力。Poets and artists have imagination. 诗人和艺术家都有想象力。It does not take great imag

4、ination to guess what happened next. 随后发生的事情不难想象。2. A recent announcement by scientists that they have successfully cloned the first human embryo has caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world.（page 42, lines 13）科学家最近宣布，他们已克隆出第一个人类胚胎，这在全球范围内引起了沸沸扬扬的辩论，许多人为之感到震惊。(1) 句中that引导同位语从句

5、，对抽象名词announcement做具体说明。announcement 与引导词that之间被by scientists隔开。例如：They made a public announcement that the wages of the workers would be increased. 他们发布了通告，那些工人的工资将会提高。His sudden announcement that she was leaving took us quite by surprise. 他突然说要离去, 这使我们非常惊奇。(2) announcement n. “通告、公告”，可数名词。例如：

6、There are several announcements in the newspaper today. 今天的这张报纸上有好几个通告。The company put up an announcement on the wall. 那家公司在墙壁上贴了一个通告。The announcement about their marriage has appeared in the newspaper. 他们结婚的通告已经刊登在报纸上了。3. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you c

7、an produce valuable tissues and organs that could be used to save human life.（page 42, lines 35）一方面，一些科学家指出，如果你能够克隆出人类胚胎，就可以制造出拯救人类生命的宝贵的组织和器官了。 (1) on the one hand意为“一方面”，on the other hand意为“另一方面”。两个短语都是表连接作用的副词性短语。可以同时用在一个句子中。例如：On (the) one hand, I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I

8、 ought to be studying at home. 一方面我想去参加宴会，而另一方面我应当在家学习。On the one hand this job doesn't pay very much, but on the other hand I cant get another one. 一方面这份工作报酬不高，可另一方面我又找不到其他工作。(2) 辨析：point out, point to, point at注意这一组短语的区别。 point out“指出、使注意”的意思。例如：This guide book points out the main facts of ear

9、ly American history. 这本导游手册讲述了美洲早期的重要史实Can you point out the church in the picture? 你能指出图片里的教堂吗？He pointed out that the road was not safe that day. 他指出，那条道路那天不安全。 point to “显示的位置/方向”。例如：The building points to the east. 这座楼面朝东。The hands of the clock pointed to half past eight. It was time we put our

10、children to bed.钟的指针指在八点半上, 我们该让孩子们上床睡觉了。 point at (把.) “对准、指向”。例如：The guide pointed at a tower and told us that it was built hundreds of years ago.导游指着一座塔, 告诉我们说这是数百年前修建的。Its rude to point your fingers at people. 用手指指人是很失礼的。4. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists disagree and f

11、ear that if mankind interferes with nature in this way, they may be on their way to producing a real-life Frankensteins monster.（page 42, lines 57）另一方面，很多人，包括一些科学家都反对并担心如果人类以这种方式干涉自然的话，他们将制造出现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物。(1) interfere with sb./sth. “干涉、干预；摆弄、妨碍”。例如：I am not going to be interfered with. 我不想别人干预我的事情。

12、He was afraid this would interfere with his study. 他担心这会妨碍他的学习。I dont want to interfere with you; proceed with your work. 我不想打扰你了, 你继续工作吧。Who interfered with my camera? 谁擅自用过我的照相机?(2) on ones (the) way to/towards (doing) sth “即将做”, 如果to后接一表地点的名词，应理解为 “在去.的路上”。例如:Were on the way towards an election v

13、ictory. 我们即将赢得大选。Hes well on the way to establishing himself among the top ten players in the world. 他即将进入世界前十名顶尖选手的行列。I came across him on the way to work. 我是在去上班的路上遇见他的。I bought some bread on the way to the company. 我在去公司的路上买了些麵包。5. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderf

14、ul scientific breakthrough.（page 42, lines 1213）但整体而言，科学家因为杰出的科学突破而受到赞扬。辨析：in general, as a whole这两个短语意义比较接近，都有“总的说来；大体上；通常”的意思，在句子中位置也比较灵活，仔细斟酌还是有着微细的区别。 in general强调“个体或局部”。例如：Women in general like to shop for new clothes. 大多数妇女喜欢逛街买新衣服。The class are, in general, very bright. 总的说来, 这个班级的学生都很聪明。In

15、general, Alexander was a peaceful, loving man. 总的来说，亚历山大是个平和的、有爱心的人。I like games in general, and especially football. 各种运动我一般都喜欢，尤其是足球。 as a whole 强调 “整体或全局”。例如：Therefore, in order to understand the meaning of the text as a whole. (page 43) 因此，以便完整地理解文章的意思。We must consider these matters as a whole.

16、我们必须从整体上考虑这些事情。There are some areas of poverty, but the country as a whole is fairly rich.这个国家有些地区比较贫困, 但总的来说是相当富裕的。As a whole we tried our best. 总的来说我们尽力了。(2) praise的用法 praise sb. for sth. “因称赞、表扬某人”。例如：He was praised for his neat and careful work. 他因工作认真、利索而受到赞扬。He praised his team for their perfo

17、rmance. 他称赞他的团队表现出色。The teacher praised her for her courage. 老师赞扬了她的勇气。 做名词用“称赞、赞美、赞扬、表扬”。例如：He earned praise for their efforts 他们由于努力而赢得赞誉The audience was full of praise for the whole production. 观众对整部作品称赞不已。 in praise of短语常见在句中做状语。例如：He gave a speech in praise of the school. 他在讲话中称赞了这所学校。The

18、teacher spoke in praise of the child for his honesty. 他很诚实, 老师表扬了他。6. However, some people consider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.（page 42, lines 1820）但也有人认为，怀着摧毁它们的意图来克隆人类胚胎，是对人类生命的不尊重。(1) with the intention of “抱有目的、打算”，是一短语介词，在句中做

19、状语表目的。例如：He returned with the intention of spending New Year with his family. = He returned to spend New Year with his family. 为了和家人共度新年他回来了。I went to the supermarket with the intention of buying some food. = I went to the supermarket to buy some food. 我去了超市，打算买些食物。He left England with the intention

20、 of travelling in Africa. = He left England to travel in Africa. 他离开英国打算去非洲旅行。(2) 辨析：intention, goal, aim, purpose 这些名词都指人想要达到的 “目的”，但各有侧重。 intention 只指某人想要追随的行动方向。例如：Do you have any intention of applying for the job? 你打算申请这个工作吗？It is not my intention to argue with you. 我不是想和你争论。If I've hurt you

21、r feelings, it was quite without intention. 如果我伤了你的感情那完全是无意的。 purpose 强调决心或决定的想法。例如：He returned to his homeland with the purpose of serving his own people.他返回祖国, 意在为祖国人民服务。His purpose was to discover how long these guests intended to stay. 他想要知道这些客人打算呆多长时间。 goal 可指理想的或甚至遥远的目标。例如：Our goal is to earn

22、enough money to keep the business going. 我们的目标是赚足够的钱使公司支撑下去。We are all working towards a common goal. 我们都在为一个共同目的而努力。 aim 强调为追寻某种目的而努力奋斗的方向。例如：His only aim in life is to enjoy himself. 他人生唯一的目的就是享受生活。It is important to have a clear aim in view. 心中有明确的目标是十分重要的。(3) show respect for“对表示尊敬”，respect是名词可带

23、修饰语。例如：You make me wait and don't show me any respect. 你一点儿也不尊重我，让我等了这么久。You shall show greater respect for your elders. 你应该对长辈尊重些。The boss showed little respect for the employees. 那个老板对雇员一点也不尊重。He is a selfish fellow, who has no respect for anyone. 他是个自私的家伙，对人一点也不尊重。7. While cloning human embry

24、os is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby.（page 42, lines 2728）尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家属于非法，有些科学家已加紧研究，以便降生一个克隆的人类婴儿。(1) push ahead with短语在句中做“推进、推行”理解。例如：Whatever happens, we must push ahead with our plans to increase producti

25、on. 无论发生什么情况, 我们都必须推行我们的增产计划。He promised to push ahead with economic reform. 他允诺继续推行经济改革。We are pushing forward with our plan. 我们正坚决实施计划。(2) 辨析：push ahead，go ahead 两个短语都有“前进”的意义，ahead是副词，都是不及物词组，但其区别也是明显的。 push ahead强调“向前推进、急速前进”If we push ahead, we can get home before dark. 如果我们抓紧, 天黑前我们还能赶到家。I wan

26、t to push ahead on this project. 有关这个方案我想继续取得进展。 go ahead “前进、继续向前”, 在口语中有多种意义。例如： The project will go ahead. 这个项目会做下去的。We feel you should go ahead. 我们觉得您应该干。Go ahead and do what you like. 去吧，喜欢干什么就干什么。Can I use the bathroom? 我可以用一下卫生间么？Go ahead! 当然，请便！Go ahead, were all listening to you carefu

27、lly. 开始吧，我们都在认真听你说。8. Human life would no longer be unique; it would just be a product for sale. （page 43, lines 3940）到那时人类生命将不再是独一无二的了，将只是一个可供出售的产品。(1) 辨析：unique, only两个词做形容词用都有“唯一的”的意思，但意义上区别较大。 unique强调的是“区别和与众不同”。例如：The beauty of Dunhuang is unique in the world. 敦煌的美在世界上是独一无二的。Shes proud of her

28、ring because of its unique design.她为她的戒指而自豪，因为戒指的设计是独一无二的。 only强调的是“数量”。例如：It's the only place to be seen these days. 这是这些天惟一值得看的地方。He was an only child. 他是独生子。The only French city she enjoyed was Paris. 巴黎是她惟一喜欢的法国城市。Practice is the only way to learn a language well. 学好一门语言的惟一途径就是实践。(2) 辨析：for

29、sale, on sale for sale 是介词短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰a product。for sale 相当于intended to be sold “待售”。还可以做状语和表语。例如：These are cars for sale at reasonable prices. 这些是价位合理的待售小轿车。(定语)She has put her house up for sale. 她现在的房子在出售。(状语)Im sorry this painting is not for sale. 很抱歉，这幅画是非卖品。(表语) on sale 表示“出售”、“上市”的意思。on sale

30、还可表示“廉价出售”。在句中也可以做定语、状语和表语。例如：The new model is not on sale in the shops. 这种新款式在商店尚未上市。(表语)I got this hat on sale; it was very cheap. 我在大减价时买到这顶帽子, 价格很便宜。(状语)There are some nice apples on sale in that shop. 那家商店有些很好的苹果出售。(定语)9. The human race is using up Earths resources. （page 43, line 41）人类正耗尽地球上的资

31、源。(1) use up “用光、耗尽”，use仅指动作过程，而use up则强调结果；英语中不少动词都是如此。例如：He knows how to use the savings and before long he will use up all the money.他知道怎样使用这笔存款，用不了多久这笔钱会全部用完。She didnt want to end the relationship. But she finally had to end it up.她不想结束这种关系但最后她只好结束这种关系。He was eating a hot dog when I came in. A f

32、ew minutes later he ate up all the food on the table. 我进来时他正在吃热狗，不一会儿他吃完了餐桌上所有的食物。She had to dig the garden. As a result, an old coin was dug up in the garden.她得把花园挖一挖, 结果在花园里挖出了一枚古硬币。(2) 辨析：use up, run out, run out of表示“用完”时，这些词组意义相同，但用法不同。 use up是及物动词短语，其主语是人。例如：I ve used up all the glue. = All th

33、e glue has been used by me. 我把胶水都用光啦。 run out是不及物动词词组，表示“被用完了（become used up)”，含被动意义，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词。例如：His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。Food supplies had run out towards the end of the trip. 在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。 run out of 含有介词of，作及物动词用，“用完(=use up)”的意思。例如：He ran out of gas a mile from home. 他在离家

34、还有一英里的地方把汽油用完了。 What if I've run out of money？我把钱花光了怎么办？10. I am in complete agreement with human cloning.（page 43, lines 4950）我完全同意克隆人类。(1) in agreement with 是一短语介词，句中be in complete agreement with/about 是系表结构= quite agree with /about，意思是“完全同意；意见一致”，其介词短语还可以在句中做其他成分。例如：We are in agreement with t

35、heir decision. 我们同意他们的决定。I am quite in agreement with what you say. 我十分同意你说的话。I find myself in almost total agreement with Tony. (宾补)我发现自己的意见几乎完全与托尼一致。He nodded in agreement with me. 他点头表示同意我的意见。(状语)11. Seven years ago, my 10-year-old daughter died of heart failure.（page 43, lines 5253）七年前，我10岁的女儿死于

36、心脏病。辨析：die of, die from die of“死于”，常常表示由于疾病、情感、饥饿等原因死亡。例如：The baby died of a fever. 那婴儿因发高烧而死。In a cold winter, many wild animals may die of hunger. 在严寒的冬天，很多野生动物会死于饥饿。The old woman died of grief soon after her husbands death. 那位老太太在丈夫去世后不久因悲伤而死。 die from意思是“由于而死”，一般指除了疾病或情感以外的原因造成的死亡。He died from a

37、 chest wound. 他因胸部受伤而死亡。In a cold winter, wild animals may die from lack of food.在严寒的冬天，野生动物会由于缺乏食物而死亡。Hes so busy, I am worried hes going to die from work too much. 他那么忙，我怕他会因工作过劳而死。12. Question things you do not understand or that do not appear to make sense. (page 43) 对于你不了解的地方，或者似乎讲不通的地方，要提出问题。辨

38、析：appear, seem两个词做系动词用都有“似乎、好像”的意思，含义似乎没有多大差异，在句型结构上也基本一样，有时候也能互换，微细的区别仍然值得注意。 appear暗含“的确如此”含义，如果要表示某种判断而得出的印象最好用appear。appear还可以是行为动词“出现，显现”的意思。例如：It appeared that he had a taste for music. = He appeared to have a taste for music.看来他对音乐还有一定的鉴赏力。They appear / seem to have misunderstood me. = It app

39、ears /seems that they have misunderstood me. 他们似乎误解了我。The actress is thirty-five years old, but she appears a lot younger. = The actress is thirty-five years old, but it appears that she is a lot younger. 那个女演员三十五岁了，但是她看上去年轻得多。 seem所表示的“似乎”或“看来”是以客观的迹象为依据。还可以有It seems as if句型，而appear则不能用于此句型。例如：She

40、seems a clever girl. = It seems that she is a clever girl. 她好像是个聪明的姑娘。The baby seems (to be) asleep. = It seems that the baby is asleep. 那婴孩好像是睡着了。He seemed disappointed when the man refused his request. = It seemed that he was disappointed when the man refused his request. 当那个人拒绝了他的要求时他看起来很失望。It se

41、ems that you are lying. = You seem to be lying. 看来你在撒谎。It seems as if you are the first one here. 看起来你是第一个来这儿的。It seems as if she has been to England. 好像要下一场雷阵雨。13. Why do some people think they have the right to go against nature?（page 45）为什么有些人认为他们有权与自然对抗呢？辨析：go against, be against他们基本同义，都有“反对、违背、

42、不利于”的意思，仍有区别。 go against sb. /sth 指“动作”。例如：Dont go against your parents /your parents wishes. 不要违背父母亲的愿望。He went against the advice of his colleagues and resigned. 他不顾同事们的劝告辞了职。 be against指“状态”。例如：Are most people against the proposal? 是多数人都反对这项提议吗？It was against his will to do such things. 做这类事是违背他的

43、本意。14. I believe that strict laws should be put in place and governments should do more to stop human cloning.（page 45）我认为应该严格立法，政府也该采取更多的措施阻止人类克隆。in place 在句中作状语，意思是“在对的位置”、“在适当的位置”，其反义短语out of place“不合适; 不恰当”。在句中做表语有“合适的；恰当的”的意思。例如：She likes everything to be in place before she starts work. 工作前，她喜

44、欢把东西摆放得井然有序。Some of these books are out of place. Please put them in right order.有些书位置不对, 请把它们按顺序放好。With everything in place, she started the slide show. 一切就绪，她开始放幻灯片The proposal is not quite in place. 那提议并不十分恰当。课堂作业. 根据汉语意思或首字母完成句子。1. It has helped Chinese scientists make breakthroughs. 2. Other wo

45、men are desperate to get back to work.3. The aim is to reduce anxiety and help the patients relax.4. Nothing could stop the advance of the soldiers.5. He received four years of normal education at college.6. The building was totally(完全地) destroyed by the fire7. We shall do this for the benefit(利益) o

46、f the patients.8. Youll succeed (成功) only if you put all your heart into it. 9. Another agreement (协议) to be signed tomorrow will concern technical co-operation. 10. She finds it difficult to grasp the basic concept(概念).II. 选用表格内短语动词词语的适当形式完成下列句子。go against, interfere with, concentrate on, push ahea

47、d with, succeed in, point out,show respect for, end up, use up, praisefor, come across, be delighted to1. Anxiety can interfere with childrens performance when they take an exam. 2. The election went against him at first, but he won at last.3. You should concentrate on the road when youre driving.4.

48、 At last the climbers succeeded in climbing up the top of the mountains.5. Dont use up all the soap. Leave me some to wash with.6. Everyone shows respect for her contribution to peace in the country.7. They were praised by police for reporting the theft.8. If you go against nature and do things, you

49、 will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.9. I felt I could not move another step, but after lunch I pushed ahead with the rest.10Mistakes in the printing should be pointed out at once. 选用表格内所给短语完成下列句子。in general, with the intention to, for sale, in agreement with, on the one ha

50、nd, one ones way to, in place, on the other hand1. Im well on the way to completing the report.2. On the one hand theyd love to have kids, but on the other, they dont want to give up their freedom.3. In general, this type of cars is very functional and failures are rare. 4. I am in agreement with yo

51、u that she should be given more responsibilities. 5. Before the examination, please put everything for it in place.6. On the other hand, many women choose to go out to work.7. Last week my wife and I arranged to see a house that was for sale.8. I worked late into the night with the intention to earn

52、ing enough money. . 单项选择。1. Your tie goes very well with your shirt. A .A. Oh, I got it on sale B. I bought it at half priceC. Does it really look OK? D. No, not so nice2. What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has B ?A. run out B. put out C. held up D. used up3. In this state, al

53、l the adults who D laws were to be severely punished.A. went for B. stood for C. stood against D. went against4. Father likes everything to be D .A. in place B. in the place C. in its place D. in a place 5. The earths resources C very quickly. A. are used up B. will be used upC. are being used upD.

54、have used up6. Jim was very happy yesterday because he B the book that he wanted. A. came to B. came across C. came about D. came out 7. The couple are unable to have children of their own, but hope to C one. A. adapt B. receive C. adopt D. keep 8. Many children think they are A with when their pare

55、nts are trying to show concern about them. A. interfered B. separated C. disturbed D. informed 9. The baby reached out his hands, crying in B want of his mother. A. curious B. desperate C. sincere D. serious 10. Theyre travelling across Europe by train and are planning to end up in Moscow. A. ended

56、up B. ending upC. end upD. to end up Word power & Grammar and usage精讲典析1. This is the organ that controls the rest of the organs, just like the headmaster controls the school.（page 47）正是这个器官控制其他器官，正如校长控制学校一样。辨析：the rest, the other两者都有“其他的、其余的”的意义，但他们的区别较大。 rest是名词，即可指人也可指物，多指某一整体范围之内的其他；the rest (of +名词) 做主语时，谓语动词可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式，应视the rest所代替的那个名词而定。例如：I have got two bright students in the class, but the rest (of the students) are average. 这个班我有两个聪明的学生，其余的平常。Ill keep one third of the money and the rest (of the