birdflu禽流感英语介绍

1、What is the influenza A(H7N9) What is the influenza A(H7N9) virus? virus? Influenza A H7 viruses are a group of influenza viruses that normally circulate among birds. The influenza A(H7N9) virus is one subgroup among the larger group of H7 viruses. Although some H7 viruses (H7N2, H7N3 and H7N7) have

2、 occasionally been found to infect humans, no human infections with H7N9 viruses have been reported until recent reports from China. 什么是甲型什么是甲型H7N9流感病毒？流感病毒？甲型流感的甲型流感的H7病毒是一组通常在鸟类中传病毒是一组通常在鸟类中传播的流感病毒。甲型播的流感病毒。甲型H7N9流感病毒属于流感病毒属于H7病毒大类下的一个亚群。虽然偶尔会有某病毒大类下的一个亚群。虽然偶尔会有某些些H7病毒病毒(H7N2、H7N3、H7N7)感染人类感染人类的报告

3、，但过去没有人类感染的报告，但过去没有人类感染H7N9病毒的病毒的报告，直到中国最近报告出现了这种病例报告，直到中国最近报告出现了这种病例。 What are the What are the main symptomsmain symptoms of of human infection with influenza human infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus? A(H7N9) virus? Thus far, most patients with this infection have had severe pneumonia. Symptom

4、s include fever, cough and shortness of breath. However, information is still limited about the full spectrum of disease that infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus might cause. 到目前为止，感染到目前为止，感染H7N9病毒的绝大多数病人会出现严重病毒的绝大多数病人会出现严重肺炎，症状包括发烧、咳嗽、气短。不过，对于感染甲肺炎，症状包括发烧、咳嗽、气短。不过，对于感染甲型型H7N9流感病毒后可能产生的全部症状的认知仍是有

5、限流感病毒后可能产生的全部症状的认知仍是有限的。的。All three viruses are influenza A viruses but they are distinct from each other. H7N9 and H5N1 are considered animal influenza viruses that sometimes infect people. H1N1 viruses can be divided into those that normally infect people and those that normally infect animals. 这三

6、种病毒都是甲型流感病毒，但它们有明显区别。这三种病毒都是甲型流感病毒，但它们有明显区别。H7N9和和H5N1被认为是动物流感病毒，只是偶尔会感被认为是动物流感病毒，只是偶尔会感染人类。染人类。H1N1病毒可以分为通常感染人类与通常感染病毒可以分为通常感染人类与通常感染动物的两种。动物的两种。 Is the influenza Is the influenza A(H7N9)A(H7N9) virus virus different from different from influenza influenza A(H1N1)A(H1N1) and and A(H5N1)A(H5N1) viru

7、ses?viruses?Some of the confirmed cases had contact with animals or with an animal environment. The virus has been found in a pigeon in a market in Shanghai. It is not yet known how persons became infected. The possibility of animal-to-human and person-to-person transmission is being investigated. 一

8、些已被确认的病例有与动物或者动物所处环境接触的一些已被确认的病例有与动物或者动物所处环境接触的经历。上海禽类市场的鸽子中发现了经历。上海禽类市场的鸽子中发现了H7N9病毒。但人病毒。但人是如何被感染的尚不清楚。现在正在调查动物传染人的是如何被感染的尚不清楚。现在正在调查动物传染人的可能性，以及人传人的可能性。可能性，以及人传人的可能性。How did people become infected How did people become infected with the influenza A(H7N9) virus?with the influenza A(H7N9) virus?How

9、 can infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus be prevented?Although both the source of infection and the mode of transmission are uncertain, it is prudent to follow basic hygienic practices to prevent infection. They include hand and respiratory hygiene and food safety measures. 尽管感染的来源及传播模式尚不能确定，但注意尽

10、管感染的来源及传播模式尚不能确定，但注意以下基本卫生来预防感染是一种谨慎的做法，包以下基本卫生来预防感染是一种谨慎的做法，包括手部卫生、呼吸卫生、食品安全措施括手部卫生、呼吸卫生、食品安全措施.Hand hygieneHand hygiene: : Wash your handsWash your hands before, during, and after you before, during, and after you prepare food; before you eat; after you use the prepare food; before you eat; after

11、you use the toilet; after handling animals or animal waste; toilet; after handling animals or animal waste; when your hands are dirty; and when providing when your hands are dirty; and when providing care when someone in your home is sick. Hand care when someone in your home is sick. Hand hygiene wi

12、ll also prevent the transmission of hygiene will also prevent the transmission of infections to yourself and in hospitals to infections to yourself and in hospitals to patients, health care workers and others. patients, health care workers and others. Wash your hands Wash your hands with soap and ru

13、nning waterwith soap and running water when visibly dirty; if not visibly dirty, wash when visibly dirty; if not visibly dirty, wash your hands with soap and water or your hands with soap and water or use an use an alcohol-based hand cleanseralcohol-based hand cleanser. . 手部卫生：手部卫生：在准备食物前、中、后，饭前、便后，

14、处理动物或动在准备食物前、中、后，饭前、便后，处理动物或动物排泄物后，手脏时，照顾家中病人时要洗手。物排泄物后，手脏时，照顾家中病人时要洗手。 当手部明显较脏时，用肥皂和流水清洗。如不明显脏当手部明显较脏时，用肥皂和流水清洗。如不明显脏时，用肥皂和水洗手或者使用酒精洁手液洗手。时，用肥皂和水洗手或者使用酒精洁手液洗手。Respiratory hygiene:Respiratory hygiene:Cover your mouth and nose with a medical mask, Cover your mouth and nose with a medical mask, tissue

15、, or a sleeve or flexed elbow when tissue, or a sleeve or flexed elbow when coughing or sneezing; throw the used tissue coughing or sneezing; throw the used tissue into a closed bin immediately after use; into a closed bin immediately after use; perform hand hygiene after contact with perform hand h

16、ygiene after contact with respiratory secretions.respiratory secretions. 在咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用医用口罩、纸巾、袖子、肘在咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用医用口罩、纸巾、袖子、肘部遮盖口鼻，用过的纸巾在使用后尽快扔入有盖垃部遮盖口鼻，用过的纸巾在使用后尽快扔入有盖垃圾箱，在接触到呼吸道分泌物后采取手部卫生措圾箱，在接触到呼吸道分泌物后采取手部卫生措施。施。 ” ”Is it safe to eat poultry and Is it safe to eat poultry and poultry products? poultry pro

17、ducts? In areas experiencing outbreaks in poultry, raw eggs should not be used in foods that will not be further heat-treated as, for example by cooking or baking.Avian influenza is not transmitted through cooked food. To date, no evidence indicates that anyone has become infected following the cons

18、umption of properly cooked poultry or poultry products, even when these foods were contaminated with the H9N7 virus.家禽在正经历禽流感暴发的地区，烹调食品在不进一步加热家禽在正经历禽流感暴发的地区，烹调食品在不进一步加热 （如烧煮、烘烤）（如烧煮、烘烤） 的情况下的情况下，不应，不应食用生蛋。食用生蛋。禽流感不通过熟食传播。迄今，无证据表明任何人在食用经妥禽流感不通过熟食传播。迄今，无证据表明任何人在食用经妥善烹调的家禽或家禽产品之后受到感染，即便这些食物曾有善烹调的家禽或家禽产

19、品之后受到感染，即便这些食物曾有H9N7病毒污染。病毒污染。Is there a vaccine for the Is there a vaccine for the influenza A(H7N9) virus?influenza A(H7N9) virus?No vaccine for the prevention of influenza A(H7N9) infections is currently available. However, viruses have already been isolated and characterized from the initial cas

20、es. WHO, with partners, will continue to characterize available influenza A(H7N9) viruses to identify the best candidate viruses. These candidate vaccine viruses can then be used for the manufacture of vaccine if necessary. 目前没有预防甲型目前没有预防甲型H7N9流感病毒感染的疫苗。不过，已从最流感病毒感染的疫苗。不过，已从最初的病例中分离并分型了病毒。世卫组织将和其合作伙伴继初的病例中分离并分型了病毒。世卫组织将