初中英语语法代词讲解

1、初中英语语法代词代词：为了避免重复而用来代替其他词的词。种类：1）人称2）物主3）反身 4）指示5）不定6）疑问7）相互代词：each other, one another互相，其所有格加-'s8）关系代词：which , who, that, whom, whose等 引导定语从句9） 连接代词： who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever10）替代词：one（单数），ones（复数） 用于替代前面出现的同类事物。但 ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名 词时无形容词在前，贝U用some

2、, any,而不用 ones。如： Have you bought any rulers? Yes, I 've bought some.一、人称代词1 .人称代词的形式单数复数r a人称第二人称第三人称第一第二第三主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem2 .人称代词的句法功能功能例句主格作主语They are fourteen years old. / She is a Chinese teacher.宾格作动词宾语The box is too heavy. Let me help you. / I like it very mu

3、ch.作介词宾语Mary didn ' t want to go withme.作表语-Who is standing over there?It，me.it的特殊 用法指时间It is early spring, but it ' s already very hot.指天气It rained (大)last night.指距离It' s about five(minute) walk from here to the library.How far is it from your school to your home?作形式主语、 形式宾语It is very n

4、ice of you to help me.I find it easy to learn English well.指前文提到 的物-Where 's my book?-It 's over there.指不知性别 的婴儿或不 确指性别的 人The baby is crying. It may be hungry.3 .人称代词的排列顺序（ 单娄攵231,复数123）当两个以上的人称代词一起作主语时，单数按二、三、一人称排列（即 you, he / she, I ）;复数按一、二、三人称排 列（即we, you, they）。但是如果做错了事需要承担责任时，要把说话人（ I）

5、放在第一位。如：It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。二、物主代词1 .物主代词的形式单数复数物主 代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2 .物主代词的基本用法功能例句特别提示形容词性作定语Her mother is a kind-hearted doctor.形容词性物主代词作定语，相当于形物主代词Their room is clean and tidy.容词。名词性物主代词 （相当于省 略了中心名 词的-'s属格结构）作

6、主语That is his computer. Mine doesn' t work.名词性物主代词在句中不能单独作定语。如：Hers math is better than mine.（错！句中的应改为）作宾语Her spoken English is better than yours.作表语This ballpen is hers. Where is mine?与of连用 作定语The red skirt of hers is very beautiful.3 .物主代词的特殊用法在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。如：我的个朋友 a friend of mine ,她的个同学

7、a classmate of hers , each brother of his. 三、反身代词1 .反身代词的形式反身代词又叫自身代词，表示动作返回到动作发出者本身。人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself,herself, itselfthemselves2 .反身代词的句法功能功能例句特别提示作宾语Little Jimmy can dress himself now.She cooked herself a good meal.两句中动作的执行者与承受着 均是同一个人，故宾语只能用反 身代词，不能用him和he

8、r。作表语The boy in the photo is myself, not Tom.I am not myself today. 我今大不舒服。作同位语（强调）The baby itself laughed.I myself went to visit my teacher.此句中，反身代词itself也可放在laughed的后面。和by等介词搭配, 构成固定短语Never leave the child by himself at home.I don ' t think I can do it bmyself.初中常用的由反身代词构成的 短语有：（见下）3 .由反身代词构成的

9、习惯用语help oneself to随便吃come to oneself 苏醒过来，醒悟，恢复知觉dress oneself自己穿衣服 say to oneself自言自语enjoy oneself 玩得开心 lose oneself in迷路于，全神贯注于 之中，消失于 teach oneself 自学 look after oneself by oneself 亲自learnby oneself 自学一leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下hurt oneself 伤了自己make yourself/yourselves at home 不必拘束四、指示代词单数this

10、这，这个that那,那个such这样的人或物same同样的人或物复数these这些those那些例句This is Bill speaking. Who is that?Where will these pupils go?Do you like those? They are the latest fashion.I have never seen such a clever child before.Those two dresses arethe sameHe said the same thing again and again.1. that用来代替前面提到的不可数名词，those代

11、替复数名词。The weather today is finer than thaLyesterday.The students in this school are different from those in that one.2.打电话时，用 that 询问对方是谁，用 this 介绍自己。This is Jack speaking. Is that Mrs Black speaking?说明：That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较:（） He admired that which looked beaut

12、iful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。（） He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those 指人）（错）He admired that who danced well. （that 作宾语时不能指人）（） He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。 （those 指人）（） He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those 指物）五、疑问代词疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what和which等。在句子中用

13、来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）如：Tell me who he is.告诉我他是谁。格指人指物指人或物主格who谁what什么which哪个，哪些宾格whom 谁所有格whose谁的whose谁的whose谁的说明1:无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which和what所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而 which则指在一定的范围内，例如：Which girls do you like best?你喜欢哪几个姑娘？What girls do you like best?你喜欢什么样的姑娘？说明2:Whom是who的宾格，在书面

14、语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom,例如： Who（m） did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）Who（m） are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了 ？（作介词宾语， 置介词后，不能用who取代。）六、不定代词：不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11, both, each,every等，以及含有 some-, any-

15、, no-等的合成代词，如 anybody, something, no one 这些不定代词 大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some, any, no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：-Do you have a car?-你有一辆小汽车吗？- Yes, I have one. -是的，我有一辆。-I don't know any of them. 他们，我一个也不认识。不定代词的形式例词普通不定代词some / anysomebody / anybody / nobody, someone / an

16、yone / no one something / anything / nothingone / none个体不定代词every / each, other / another, either / neithereverybody / everyone / everything数量不定代词many / much, few / a few / little / a littlea lot of / lots of / a great deal of / a great many辨析:不定代词用法1some1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。2)当做"某一"解时，也可与单数名词

17、连用。(=a certain)You will be sorry for this some day. 总有,天,你会后悔这件事的。A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.某些人/、同意你的看法。3)用于肯定句中4)表请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答时的疑问句中。Would you like some coffee?*a.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：If you need some help, let me know.*b.当否te的是整体中的部分时，some引用,有te句。如：I haven't heard fro

18、m some of my old friends these years.这些年我没有收至 U些老朋友的信。any1）多附于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。He doesn't have any money.Are there any people in the room?If you have any questions, please ask me for help.2）表“任何”时，any可用于肯定句。Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有二本小说, 你可任读一本。You may come at any time; I 'l

19、l be home the whole day.2both网乍(都Her parents are both doctors.*a. both, all都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前，be动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.all三者及以上都 可作主、宾、表、 定、同。We all want to go to the zoo.*all的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。如： All goes well.一切进展得很好。All that you

20、have done is very helpful.*all在定语从句中作先行词时，关系词只能用that。*all通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说all the book,而说the whole book。但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如all day, all night , all the year；但习惯上不说 all hour, all century。all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如all China , all the city , all my life ,all the wayeither网若之一Either of the answers is correct

21、.neither网后都不Neither of us goes abroad.1) neither 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Neither of the two answers is right.2)作定语与单数名词连用，但neither- nor用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。3)可附于卜列句型,避免重复。如：She can't sing, neither (can) he.*neither 与 nora.如前句是否定式从句，则主句用 neither,而不用nor。If you don't do it , neither should I.如果你不干，我也

22、不干。b.如后连续有几个否定句式，则用 nor,不用neither。He can't sing , nor dance, nor skate.any二百一Any movie is boring.noneNone of his friends has/have been to Nanjing.三者及以上都不1) none作主语，多与 of构成短语 none of。在答语中，none 口单独使用。I like none of the flowers.这些花我都/、喜欢。Are there any pictures on the wall? None.2) none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可

23、。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。It is none of your business.3every三个及以上的“每个都”强调整体概念。只能做定语。Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。1) every只作形容词，不可单独使用。Every student has to take one.2) every与not连用，表小部分否te;Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。3) every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等；each pron. a. ad. 两个及以上的“每 个，

24、强调个体概念，可 构成of短语Each student may have one book. 每个学生都可有一本书。1) each可作代词或形容词。Each boy has to take one.Each of the boys has to take one.但 we each have a book.2) each和not连用表示全部否定。Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。4many+ C"许多",How many people are there at the meeting? Many of the workers were at

25、 the meeting. many a (=many)但 Many books were sold.Many a bookwas sold. 卖出了许多书。many/much 多用 于疑、否， whether 引导 的宾从中。日常谈话中，纯粹的肯定句一 般可数的用 a large number of, a good/great many,不可数多用 a good/great deal of, 可 数不可数均可用的有a lot of, lots of,plenty of.much + U"许多"How much time has we left?Much of the ti

26、me was spent on learning.5few + C “没有几个，几乎没有”He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。a few+ C“有几个”He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。only a few (=few)not a few (=many) quite a few (=many)little+ U“没有多少，几乎没有”Hurry ! We have little time left.a little+ U“点儿”We still have a little time. 我们还用点时间。6other+可数复数 泛指“其他的”What othe

27、r animals do you like?the other day 前几天 every other day POion the other sideon the one hand on the other hand 一方 回方 圆the other蝌T中的另一个onethe other 一个另,个(只有两个)We have two sisters. One is 16, the other is 12.I found one shoe, but I can't see the other one.oneonethe other个，另 ,个，第一个others = other peo

28、ple/things 泛指 “其他的人或物”some others, others-1 We shouldn't laugh at others.the others = the rest剩余的全部(特定 范围内的人或物)somethe others 一些 其他的(有二个以上)There are 50 students in our class. Some are reading, the others are doing homework.another泛指三者及以上中 的另一个1.one another,the third 2.The shirt is too small. Can

29、 I try another one? Don't lose heart. Have another try.3 .another two/few weeks 冉两(几)周二two more weeks eg. We love here. We want to stay another three days.4 . one after another 一个接 个地复合不定代词作主语、宾语、表 语、定语。something, anything, everything, nothing , somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, any

30、one, everyone, ( no one)作主语 Both of them are Chinese.宾语 I know nothing about him.表语 That's nothing.没什么。定语 You may take either road.1 .有形谷词修饰，要后置。 There s sth wrong with the TV .2 .作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Everything goes well.3辨析：1. one, that 和 itI can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)The hat y

31、ou bought is bigger than that I bought.I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.2 . .anyone/any oneanyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。3 .no one/nobody, none 和 noa) none后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。（同类但不同个）你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。（同一物）我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。no one只单独使用，只指人。one表示泛指，that和it表示特指。that

32、与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而 it与所指名词为同一个。None of you could lift it.你们中没有人可举起它。-Did any one call me up just now?一刚才有人打电话给我吗 ？- No one. -没有。作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词b）none用法相当于名词，一般作主语、宾语。None of the milk was left.只能是单数。None of the problems is/ are easy to solve. Ic) no one 般回答 who, 含 anyone, anybody 的疑问句。 Is there anyone in the room? No one.none回答 how many/much 及含 any+名词的疑