句子成分讲解及练习

1、句子成分讲解及练习主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。(找出主语并说明是由什么词充当的)The sun rises in the east.() He likes dancing.()Twenty years is a short time in history. ( )Seeing is believing.( )To see is to believe.() What he needs is a book.( )It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree .()谓语(predicate ):说明主

2、语的动作、状态和特征。We study English.He is asleep.表语(predicative ):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher.()Seventy- four! You don t look it.()Five and five is ten. ()Heis asleep.()His father is in.()The picture is on the wall.()My watch is gone / missing / lost.()To wear a flower is to say I m poor, I can t

3、 buy a ring. ()The question is whether they will come.()(常见的系动词有：be, sound(听起来),look(看起来)，feel( 摸起来，smell (闻起来)，taste (尝、吃起来),remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉)It sounds a good idea.Her voice sounds sweet.The food smells delicious.The door remains open.宾语：1)动作的承受者-动宾I like China. ()The sound sounds strange.Tom

4、looks thin.The food tastes good.Now I feel tired.He hates you. ()How many do you need? We need two. ()Weshould help the old and the poor. () I enjoy working with you. ()I hope to see you again. () Did you write downwhat he said? ()2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there a

5、re many rocks.3)双宾语- 问宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. () We all think it a pity that she didn t comehere. ()We will make them happy. () We found nobody in.()Please make yourself at home. () Dori t let him do that. ()His

6、father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.()Dori t keep the lights burning. () T II have mybike repaired. ()主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. () He is

7、our friend. ()Webelong to the third world. () He wasadvised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.( )The man over there is my old friend.( )The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.()The boys playing football are in Class 2.()The trees planted last year are growing well now.()I have an idea to do it

8、well.()You should do everything that I do.()状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv,或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步I w川 go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learnEnglish well.He didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I

9、like some of you verymuch.If you study hard, you w川 pass the exam.Though he is young, he can do it well.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型1 .主语+谓语（不及物动词）2 .主语+谓语（及物动词） +宾语3 .主语+系动词 +表语4 .主语+谓语（双宾动词）十间接宾语5 .主语+谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补语He goes to school by bike.She came. / My head aches.She likes English.She is happy导接宾语She gave Jo

10、hn a book .She bought a book for me.She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked meto read the passage.(There +be There lies a book on the desk.Exercises分析下列句子成分1. Students study.2.3. All of us considered him honest.of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.the cityIt is a great pleasure to talk w

11、ith you4. Mygrandfather bought mea pair6. He madeit clear that he would leave7. I have two elder sisters children frightened.8.The terriblesound made the10. Grandma told me an interesting9. They pushed the door open, story last night.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends, highly of his

12、teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. English song.15. Tigers are dangerous animals .will12. All the students think14. He asked us to sing anmakeour school more beautiful.18. I made17. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. Tom monitor.19. He showed the tick

13、et to the conductor. 20. She showed us her many of her pictures.21. The old man lives a lonely life.22. This term I have written threeletters to my paren ts.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）1你应当努力学习。2她昨天晚上回家很晚。3 .五年前我住在北京。4 .在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。主谓宾结构（主语+及物动词+宾语）1 .昨晚我写了一封信。2 .这本书他读过多次了。3 .那位先生能流利地说三种语言。4 .他不知道

14、说什麽好。主系表结构（主语+系动词+表语）1我的兄弟都是大学生。2.布朗夫人看起来很健康。3,她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童4.这个报告听起来很有意思。双宾语结构（主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语1 Johnson先生去年教我们彳惠语。2 . Mary把钱包交给校长了。3,他把车票给列车员看。4 .我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。复合宾语结构 （主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语）1 .我们大家都认为他是诚实的。2 .我要你把真相告诉我。3 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。4 .每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了17她正在听人家讲故事。18男孩

15、子们都在看士兵们操练。19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。20他感到很难跟你交谈。21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。There be 句型1今晚没有会2这个村子过去只有一口井3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师5天气预报说下午有大风。7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。8恰好那时房里没人。9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫11就只剩下二十八美元了。13铃响了。10公共汽车来了。12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树14二月份有二十八天。

16、KEYS分析下列句子成分1.主语十系动词+表语2.主语+系动词 +表语3.主语+动词 +宾语+宾语补足语4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+及物动词+宾语6.主语+动词 +形式宾语it +宾语补足语+宾语7.主语+及物动词+宾语8.主语+系动词 +表语9.主语+动词 +宾语+宾语补足语10.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语11.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语12主语 +及物动词 +宾语13.主语+及物动词+宾语14.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语15.主语十系动词+表语16.主语+动词 +宾语+宾语补足语17.主语十系动词+表语18.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语19.主语

17、+小及物动词20.主语十小及物动词21.主语十系动词+表语22.主语+系动词 +表语23.主语+及物动词+宾语24.主语十小及物动词25.主语+及物动词+宾语26.主语十小及物动词27.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语28.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语29 .主语 +及物动词 +宾语30 .主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语翻译练习：主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）1You should study hard.2 She went home very late yesterday evening.3That morning we talked a great deal.4The meeting

18、will last two hours.5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.8Classes begin at eight every day.9This box weighs five kilos.10 I lived in Beijing five yea

19、rs ago.主谓宾结构（主语+及物动词+宾语 ）wrote a letter last night.want to talk with you this afternoon.has read this book many times.have carried out the plan successfully.must finish reading these books in two weeks.gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.can

20、not dress himself.of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. did not know what to say.主系表结构（主语+系动词+主语补语）1 My brothers are all college students. 2ln winter, the days are short and the nights are long.3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.5 Children, keep qui

21、et please. 6 This book is about the history of the United States.7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work.9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.双宾语结构（主语+双宾动词+间接宾语 +直接宾语）1 Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2Grandma told me an interesting

22、story last night.3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.4Would you please pass me the dictionary?5He showed the ticket to the conductor.6This term I have written three letters to my parents.7My father has bought me a new bike.8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.9Will you please get me a new co

23、py?10 Shall I call you a taxi?复合宾语结构 (主语+宾补动词+1We call her Alice.3 Al I of us considered him honest.5They have set the thief free.7He asked us to join in the game.9The guards ordered us to leave at once, machine.11 Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 13We wob t let her go out at night.151

24、II get my recorder mended.宾语 + 宾语补语)2His parents named him John.4They pushed the door open.6We will make our school more beautiful.81 want you to tell me the truth.WTomorrow I II have someone repair the12The pain made him cry out.14He has his hair cut once a month.16The terrible sound made the child

25、renfrightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories.18he boys were watching thesoldiers drilling.191 have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you.211 think it more comfortable to go there by ship.22I consider it possible to work out the problem

26、 in another way.23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.24I thought it no use talking with that manThere be 句型I There isn t going to be a meeting tonight.2There was only a well in the village.3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the schoo

27、l.4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.5The weatherman says there II be a stron g wind in the afternoon. 66The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.7There used to be a cinema here before the war.8There happened to be nobody in the room.9Once, there lived an old f

28、isherman in a village by the sea.10There comes the bus.II There remained just twenty-eight dollars.12ln front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.13There goes the bell.14There are twenty-eight days in February分析下列句子成分1. Students study. 2. We are friends. 3. They are teachers, play with

29、 him.5. This is a red sun.6. He is a tall boy.7. The students study hard.8. I often write to him.9. The bag is too heavy. 10. The tall boy often go to the big zoo.11. The happy child went to his home.have two elder sisters.13. They dont swim very well.14. Do you go to school every day? 15. I have a

30、dream.16. You don t find opportunities17. You make them.won t hear the knock .19. Your television is always on.is money.21.Three o clock is always too latewas made monitor. 23. I made Tom monitor.24. I am sure to succeed.25. This is beautiful music.26There are only two kinds of music. 27. Puff lived

31、 by the sea.28. Can you feel the love tonight? 29. Home never looks so good.30. You come back comes spring. 32. I ve never been to America33. I don t know much about it.34. Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.35. To love others makes us love ourselves makes us lonely.37. We are made to love

32、is the best teacher.39. They are going to Melbourne.40. When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won with a handful of sand either.41. The painter painted a very nice picture.42. They fought against SARS bravely.43. To see is to believe.44. Helping animals is to help people.4

33、5. It is very comfortable to have a Class A.46. Eating too much is bad for your health.47. The man looks . Tigers are dangerous animals.49. Keep the keyboards clean, children.50. You go there and fetch me a glass of water.51. Computers are made in this factory. 52. Where are they?53. Does the boy li

34、ke staying home?55. Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam.56. The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people.57. He travelled in space.58. Who teaches you English this year? 59. The pizza has gone bad.60. I am making so much noise61. He can t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel.6

35、2. Something must be done t 63. You d better go over the lesson.64. They should have been there . What are you doing this evening?t come up 66. Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.67. He made up his mind to be a vet.68. He does not enjoy himself very much. 69. Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?

36、70. Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.71. Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.72. They wake up the other family members.73. The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.74. Air and water is necessary to us all.75. The Olympic Games is held

37、every other year.76. The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.77. He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.78. They enjoy watching football gamesso much that they often forget their lessons.79. I think to be a children s doctor is very rewarding80. Listen to the . Can you hear anything exciting?82. What did he see?83. What does he write a