Phonics拼读规则总结

1、Phonics拼读总结PHONICS拼读总结1说明2i.内容简述2ii.符号使用规则3第一部分：规则总结31.基础：辅音发音、元音及元音组合发音3A.辅音/子音发音3B.元音/母音发音5Vowel A: (3)5Short A5Long A5The 3rd kind: saw aw A6Vowel E: (2)6Short E6Long E6Vowel I: (2)7Short I7Long I7Vowel O: (3)7Short O7Long O7The 3rd sound of O: OO u wu7Vowel U: (3)8Short U8Long U8The 3rd sound of

2、 U: bush. u OO 呃8Multiple Y (5)8作为辅音&不发音8Short Y8Long Y9a)-y在词尾E。9b)-y在词尾I。9作为元音组合的不发音原音9C.多音节中的混元音(Schwa)92.固定组合：元音&辅音的固定组合11A.元音类组合11短元音类11混合&系列类13B.子音类组合14C.一些其他组合，如词缀163.一些模式规则17A.辅音结构17B.短元音结构18i.【短元】：-CVC-结构。18ii.【短元】： -V+CC结构。18iii.【短元】：-VCC-结构。18C.长元音结构18i.【长元】：V1+结构。18ii.【长元】：-V

3、V-结构。19iii.【长元】：-VV-à-V-结构。19iv.【长元】：-VC+-ing/-ed/-er结构。19D.混合结构194.音节划分规则205.例外的规则20A.Silent Letters20部分发音的辅音组合20含有不发音字母21B.V+V组合读做两个分开的音节21C.单音节中的长元音22D.O都发u的音22E.部分规则&完全不规则22第二部分：方便记忆规则简表231.辅音、元音及相关组合23A.辅音字母23B.主要由元音字母组成的组合23C.元音与辅音的组合24D.辅音组合24E.一些其他组合，如词缀252.一些规则模式25-CVC-25-VCC-26第三部

4、分：其他相关规则26A1.复数26A2.后缀(suffixes): -ed, -ing, -er27规则1：关于-ed后缀的读法27规则2：关于有-ed -ing -er词的写法&发音28A3.一些常用前缀, prefix28说明i. 内容简述本文以书籍”Phonics For Dumies”内容为主，各种相关资源为辅，归纳总结而成。分为：1. 规则总结；2. 方便记忆规则简表；3. 其他相关规则；三个部分。ii. 符号使用规则元音：Vowel V辅音:ConsonantC短元音符号V长元音符号V元音A第三种发音符号AO第三种wuOO u不发音符号V or Cu第三种呃OO u第一部分

5、：规则总结26个字母有5个元音字母:A E I O U。还有y (有的w)为半元音，其他20个辅音字母。辅音字母大部分和汉语拼音的读音相近，有些略有不同。1. 基础：辅音发音、元音及元音组合发音A. 辅音/子音发音字母读音例词B bbBat blouse baseball Job cub sibC cHard C k +V多数情况Ca co cu组合Cap coat cut在辅音字母前Crack clap claw clear在字尾Topic public fantasticSoft C s +Vce ci cyICent cell city civil cite cycle cyanlanc

6、emincenicetracetrouncebounceceasecedepenceplacecellcentcenterprancepricecidercigarcinchsincecirclecitecitythricecivilcyclonecynicprincecystdancedicepouncefenceglanceicethenceD ddDoor dance deer Mad friend keyboardF ffFlower fish fat If wolf thiefG gHard Gg +Vga go gugalegallopgashGoatgavegazegoatgoG

7、odgonggulchBaggushgustgullfroggamegapgulpgoadgoalgutgoshgowngorillaSoft Gd+VGe gi gy一般在字首，少有ggistgymGentgermgibegemGenegypgin-gedsledgesplurgeagebadgecringegorgehugejudgelargelodgeurgewageSilent G不发音Gnaw gnomeH hh;喝Hat high hot hair houseJ jdJacket jump jetK kHard KkKid kind kingdom Sick back skunkS

8、ilent K不发音Knight knockL llLips lamp lightM mm;么Mat mango magic Jam dream screamN nnNet nose nut Sun town queenP ppPig pie pen Tip keep sheepQ qkw;扩（qu-）Queen quit question quickR rr;热Rat radio rainbow Bear dear wearS ss;嘶Sale sock snake sun Lips desks lollipopsT tt;特Tiger tomato tank tea Sit boat cl

9、osetV vv;屋Vet violin vegetable (-ve,e无音)five wave droveW w辅音w;屋Wax want waterSilent w不发音Wrap wrong wrist wrinkle writeX x在词尾读ksAx box index fox, box lax mix hex tax rex fix在词首读zXenon xyloid Xavier xenon xanthin xylem xylene xylophone xylitol xylonite音节ex中gz or ksExit exam exist exult exact exalt exa

10、mple exhaust exhibitY yj;椰yard yes yellowZ zz;滋Zoo zebra zero quiz buzz;B. 元音/母音发音此处列举所有元音的正常读音,及相关的常见组合的常用读音。组合详细的读音请看“3.固定组合-C”.规则：#1#长元音与短元音：l 五个元音字母的长元音可以简单地认为是发字母本身的读音；l 短元音各自不同，62% of words in English have short vowels.#2#V_E结构。如果单字中有两个或更多元音字母，且以e结尾，则元音e不发音，且在e之前的那个元音字母发长元音。如-a/e/i/o/u_e发音A/E/

11、I/O/U。Vowel A: (3) I ate all the apple.Short AShort a: aæApple sack axe ant bad fan dam mat lag pass tax hat waxLong ALong A.a与其他元音字母的组合。-a_e#2#: gate rake fake wave;-ai-: maid fail pain faint;-ay: lay say bay hay;*变化:+r-are: rare fare hare spare-air: air fair chair hair;The 3rd kind: saw aw A组

12、合发音例子wa-wawant was waffle watch water wallet auaHaul cause clause daunt gauze fault fraud haul haunt jaunt launch Maud pause taunt vault awawRaw crawl dawn drawl drawn flaw jaw law lawn pawn raw saw scrawl yaw yawnararCar bark garb farm hard lark part scar shark sharp starch start yarn allawCall bal

13、l fall small squall stall wall Squallaltawthalt malt salt waltVowel E: (2)Short EShort e: eei埃Egg elbow elephant jet send web tell sell less beg vetLong ELong Ee与其他元音字母的组合。-ea-3: lean heal weak beat-ee-: seed meet bee need keen see-e_e#2#: qene theme scene complete delete-ei2-: Weird either neither

14、ceiling conceit conceive deceit deceive*变化-ea-3 e-eererear2er-ereerbear pear head health bread heavy;eer cheer deer beer;beard clear dear ear fear;here sincere phere其中ea, ei, ear组合有多种读音，详见元音组合部分。Vowel I: (2)Short IShort i: iA四声rib wig hill mitt zip rim fix kissLong ILong Ii与其他元音字母的组合。-ie:ie少数 pie ti

15、e lie die-i_e#2#: wife rise wine hide-igh-: light tight might night*变化-ieie 多数belief believe brief chief field-ieE: ie多数belief believe brief chief field 25 / 25beliefbelievebriefchieffieldfiendgriefgrievesniecepiecepriestreliefshieldshriekthiefthieveswieldyield-ie: ie少数 pie tie lie diecriedcriesdied

16、ieddrieddriesfliesfriedfrieslieliedpiepiespriedpriesryeskiestriedtriestietiesvieviedVowel O: (3)Short OShort o: oao Ox octopus ostrich October nod cop rock rob pot lockLong OLong Oo与其他元音字母的组合。-oa-:road moan load-o_e#2#: joke hole bone hope-oe: toe hoe-ow-1: bowl glow slow low-ou5-Though course court

17、 dough four mourn pour soul*变化+r-oar: roar-ore: core bore chore adore ignoreOw2o:how brow clown crown The 3rd sound of O: OO u wuDoToLose moveWhoShoeTwowhomzooVowel U: (3)Short UShort u uUp under umbrella mug cut luck fuss hug sub dust jumpLong ULong Uu与其他元音字母的组合.以下组合不和r, j s t, l ch组合时读U-u_e#2#: nu

18、de tube tune cure puke cube fume fuse mule-ue: cue due hue sue ui: guilt ruin juice tuition build suit-ew: few new dew hew mew -eu-: feud deuce*变化U与下面组合与r, j s t, l ch组合时发音为uwu-u_e: rude flute rule brute crude flute Jude jute plume-ew: blew drew flew grew chew blew crew drew flew threw-u-:Judy jubil

19、ee Jupiter ui: bruise fruit -ue: true blue clue flue glue rueThe 3rd sound of U: bush. u OO 呃PutPushPullBushPussBullywoodFullBullMultiple Y (5)字母Y有时被当作元音字母，因为有时它的发音像是元音字母A,E,I。这取决于它附近的字母或Y在字的中间或最后。作为辅音&不发音在词首作为辅音y- j;椰yard yes yellow yamShort Y-y-ICynic cyst gym gyp gypsum lyric myth oxygen syst

20、emLong Ya) -y在词尾E。若词中有不止一个音节，y所在音节不是重读音节，则y发E的音：ba´bybea´dybee´fybug´gybun´nycan´dychee´kydad´dydai´sydol´lydus´tyfla´kyfris´kyfun´nygra´vyhan´dyjum´pyla´dylob´byna´vynee´dypen´nypo´kyp

21、o´nypop´pypu´nypup´pyris´kyrus´tysha´dyshi´nyslee´pyslop´pysmo´kystick´ysun´nyti´dyti´nyug´lywa´vywee´pyb) -y在词尾I。若词中有不止一个音节，y所在音节是重读音节，则y发I的音：allyapplycomplydefydignifyedifyelectrifyidentifymagnifymultiplyoccu

22、pyratifyreplysignifysupply作为元音组合的不发音原音-Vy不发音playC. 多音节中的混元音(Schwa)#发音#： 呃，a, e, i o, u是schwa时都发这个音。如：ago, local, sudden, robin, bottom.Schwa出现的规则：1. Schwa仅在多音节词中出现；2. 不在重读音节出现；3. 很少出现在长元音的位置上；4. 几乎所有多音节词都有至少一个schwa；5. 若一个元音消失后不改变词的发音，这个元音很可能是schwa。Each of the following words ends with a schwa. An a

23、at the end of a word is usually a schwa.alleluiaalphaaquaarenaasthmaaurabetaboacameracha-chacheetahcobraCoca-colacommadatadeltadivaDonnaeraextragalaGeorgiagorillaHondalarvalavallamamamamesamicanauseaNoahokraoperapandapapaparkapastapizzapolkapupaquotasagasalsaSantasodasofaTampatogatubatunatundraultra

24、vanillavillavisavistazebra2. 固定组合：元音&辅音的固定组合A. 元音类组合短元音类-oy-oiBoy joy toy enjoy royal-oururcolour armour humour Courage courteous courtesy flourish journal journey nourish scourge-eigh-Ieight neigh neighbor weigh weight height-ough -othought bought ought fought thorough borough although hough do

25、ugh plough bough slough enough rough tough trough coughV+RerBerm clerk fern her herm insert jerk nerve perk perm pert serve Fern kerb termn after butter sister underirDirt firm flirt gird girl quirk sir skirt squirt stir twirl Girl fir stir bird thirst shirt birthurBlurt burn burr burse curb hurt nu

26、rse purr purse Fur burn turn church curl Saturday ThursdayorFor cork stork short sportdr【桌】+ VDra-Drab drag dramDre-DressDri-Drill drip drinkDro-DropDru-S+Tr戳+ VStra-Stre-Stri-Stro-Stru-r +VRa-Re-Ri-Ro-Ru-scr + VScra-Scrap Scre-screwScri-scrimp Scro-Scru-Scrub scruff scrum spl + VSpla-Sple-Spli-Splo

27、-Splu-混合&系列类-oo-uBoom boot broom Cool coop drool food fool hoop loop loose moon noon ooze pool roof room root school scoop shoot sloop soon spoon stool tool toot zoom-ea-E:-ea-screamseatearreambeachbeadbeambeastbeatcheatcleandeardreameasteatgleamheatleaseleastpeacepleapleadqueasyreadE:-ea-Bread

28、dead dread heavy lead read steady tear wealthA:-ea-Break great steak-ear-a: -ear- Heart hearken heartbeat hearten heartfelt hearth heartless heartsick heartye: -ear-Early earn earnest earth heard learn pearl search yearn-ei-I:-ei-Weigh eight neighbor neighborly their weight eighth eighty feign freig

29、ht rein skein sleigh veil veinE:-ei-Weird either neither ceiling conceit conceive deceit deceive leisure perceive receipt receive receiver seize seizure-ou-O:-ou-Though course court dough four mourn pour soulO:-ou-Bought brought cough fought ought sought thought troughu:-ou-Country couple double fam

30、ous southern touch trouble youngu: -ou-could should would your yoursu: -ou-Group soup through tour tourist wound you youth V+geRaged cage page stage huge sage caged obligeV+dgeEdge nudge pledge budge sledge drudge ledge lodgeVC+leAble trifle noble cable rifle fable maple stableVCC+leFumble sprinkle

31、mantle uncle struggle sniffle brittle trampleB. 子音类组合一般和子音组合前后组合的，单个元音都是短元音,元音组合的不算。此处仅是举例常用，还有很多。组合发音例子-ckkBack lack hack tack whack neck heck peck wreck tick pick sick lick quick sock lock tock rock knock suck tuck luck duck buck -ch-chChop chap chin chess much such cheap chill chum chin inch pinc

32、h richshMachine parachute Brochure chef champagnekChristmas chemist chorus stomach ache-tchchiBatch ditch match stitch pitch switch-sh-shiShed ship shut shell shut shot sham shed shun mash cashwhwwhen which wham whiz whiff whip whim whet whitthziThat then than with thus this themthsiMath thank thril

33、l thrash path cloth moth thud thinkdr桌DreamTr戳trade trust tree-ll多aoBall call wall tall all bell well tell fell sell少ukill will till hill fill dull mull gull hull pull bull full-ngRang bang sang hang ring sing wing ding king long song pong wrong sung lung hung-sezCheese close ease grease hose nose p

34、lease pose prose rise rose tease these those例外: course, horse, norse.-zezsneeze prize freeze辅音+lbl-cl-fl-gl-pl-sl-black blameClean claim clice clifffloat flight fluteglobe glass please gleeplum plugsleep slide辅音+rbr-cr-fr-gr-pr-brave brush bridecrow creamfruit frozegrow grabpride print price三个辅音的组合S

35、hr-Shrimp shrub shred shrill shrugSpr-Spring sprout sprint sprig spratSqu-Square squib squirrel squid squad squashStr-Strap strip stroke stripe stringThr-Three throw through throb thrustGh-GhGhGhtgghfghtC. 一些其他组合，如词缀组合读音例子-ion/-tion/-ssion/-sion/-ti-/-ci-/-su-ionFashion cushion-tionA+tionStation nat

36、ionO+ tionNotion lotion potion motion-V-+ tionAction fraction reaction addition friction option suetion reduction competition section direction mention-ssion/-sion(a little softer)-ssionshenMission permission possession discussion impression professional-sionshenVision explosion division confusion o

37、ccasion decision-ti-/-ci-/-su-ti-shPatient essential partial confidential initial-ci-shSpecial official social artificial delicious musician-su-shAssure censure erasure fissure insure pressure reassure sugar sure其他- augh -aoCaught daughter naughty Laugh laughter draught- quekAntique unique boutique

38、queue cheque technique-eau-euBeauty beautiful-ph-fPhotograph elephant hyphen phonic alphabet geography组合后有不发音的部分Cu/Gu直接与前后的音素拼读, u不发音guGuess guitar guest guide plague guy dialogue vague rogue league cubiscuit circuit3. 一些模式规则A. 辅音结构i. 以两个子音结尾，且不是子音组合时，两个子音读各自读自己本身的发音，不合成一个音；-CC Last band taskactadza

39、ntaptaskaspbandbangbankbaskbeltbendbentbestcampcantcentdampdentdeskelfelmendfactfastfeltfendhandheldhelmhelphemphonkhungjestkeptlamplandlastleftlentmaskmastmeltmendminknestnextpactpantpastpeltpestpinkquestramprangrankrantraptrasprendrentrestringrinktacttasksandselfsendsingsinksongsunktankthingvampva

40、st wingzingB. 短元音结构i. 【短元】：-CVC-结构。This pattern is not only work in one syllable words, but also works in parts of words that have many syllables.backbadbincupcutdiddilldipdudfedfellfigfoggunhemjellmatnicknullpegpeprobladlessrotsetsocktipTomvexwebwedwellyakyellii. 【短元】： -V+CC结构。一个音节只有一个元音，且此音节以此元音开始

41、后接辅音，则为短元音+辅音拼读；addamanand aptatebbEdeggelfelmendifillinitoddoffonoxundidupupsetusiii. 【短元】：-VCC-结构。一个元音和两个相同的辅音组合如果单字中一个元音字母和两个相同的辅音字母在一起，则元音字母发短元音。dinner simmer summer pullC. 长元音结构i. 【长元】：V1+结构。一个音节里有多个元音字母，则这个组合读第一个元音的长元音。【此处为例词】？ii. 【长元】：-VV-结构。两个不同元音字母的组合。如果单字中两个元音字母在一起，第一个元音字母发长元音，第二个元音不发音（包括V

42、w、Vy结构）。如rain tied seal cheataimbailbeeboatcoalcoatcoaxdeepdoedoorfairfeedfloatfloorfoamgaingoalgoesgroathailhoedjailjeerJoekeeplainloafloammaidmoannailneedoakpainquailqueerraidroadroesailseeksoakstaintailtoesvainwaitweek另一种形式：-Vw/y- w/y作为不发音的元音bowdayflowknowMaymow playprayRayrowsayshowslayslowsnows

43、taystowthrowtraytowwayiii. 【长元】：-VV-à-V-结构。两个相同的元音。如果单字中有两个相同的元音在一起，则只发一个共同的长元音，此规则对oo无效,-oo- wu。peek greet deepiv. 【长元】：-VC+-ing/-ed/-er结构。词中有结构：元音+辅音，且以-ing -ed -er结尾，则这个元音读长元音。（riding）;【此处为例词】D. 混合结构i. 一个音节里只有一个元音字母:1). 【短元】：-V-结构。不在最后，读作短元音：【此处为例词】bag bit dam 2). 【长元】：-V结构。在最后，为长元音：;此处-y的情况

44、下，y读long i的声音，也有例外，如lazy中y发long E的音。bebycrydryfly frygohehimemynosheshyskysospythywewhy4. 音节划分规则1) '-V-'每个音节都要有一个元音字母。除AEIOU外，y是半元音字母，有时也作为元音字母。2) 多音节词，以每个元音发音（不是元音字母发音）为中心，与前面的辅音结合为一个音，剩下的辅音由最近的元音发音收留。Fantastic-> Fan-tas-tic3) VC-V结构.一般地，若第一个元音是短元音，则分为两个音节(closed syllable)。如：rob-in, com-

45、ics, grav-el, pol-ish ;4) V-CV结构一般地，若第一个元音是长元音，则分为两个音节(open syllable)。如：la-bor. mu-sic, pho-to, po-lish.5) 只有一个元音的单字不分音节。如：fat fact fame curl。6) 由两个词组合的合成词音节分开读，如：up-set in -to sun-beam bath-room。7) 前缀和词根分开读，如：mis-take un-loose ex-cel ad-mit。8) 后缀和词根分开读，如：plant-ed end-ed sing-ing high-uess。例外：若以r和d结

46、尾后加-ed后缀，则-ed不增加读音。9) -V-C*n-V-的结构，一般在前两个辅音间分开为两个音节:-V+C1-C*n-1+V-。如：let-ter, cof-fee spleen-did, hun-gry 例外，一些固定的组合不可分割（sh ch c kwh th ）:se-cret, gath-er, punch-es, pro-gram10) -XX-V-XX-若单字中的元音不与前后拼读在一起，则读它自己的音（短元音），如:a-go o-bey mon-u-ment pi-a-no vi-o-let.11) 若两个元音相邻但不拼读在一起，则分别为两个音节。如：di-et fu-el

47、radi-o cre-ate.12) 辅音+le结构单独构成一个音节。如：tum-ble twin-kle tin-gle ri-fle。例外，ck不可分开，tack-le trick -le knuck-le。5. 例外的规则Approximately 85 percent of English words are phonetic; this chapter looks at the other 15 percent.A. Silent LettersAll you can do is remember how to recognize silent letter patterns and

48、, in some cases, memorize them.部分发音的辅音组合In this different kind of consonant digraph, one of the letters is silent, and the other one makes its normal sound.wrkngnmbmn(as in write)(as in know)(as in gnaw)(as in dumb)(as in hymn) 含有不发音字母memorizing the silent-letter digraphsB. V+V组合读做两个分开的音节VV不读做一个音节，而

49、是分属两个音节，各自有自己的读音。这种类型的词很多都是源于其他语言的词汇。areaaviatorbiasboaclientdialdiarydietdoerdualfieryfluentfluidgiantheroicIowaJoeyliableliarlionmanualMariamediumneonNoahNoelnucleusoasisOhioorientpatriotperiodpianopietyplierpoetquietradioreactrealreliantrodeoruinsciencestudioSueztheatertheorytrialtriotruantvarietyvioletviolinC. 单音节中的长元音通常单音节词中的元音都是短元音，发长元音的例外如下：D. O都发u的音abovebecomebrothercolorcomecom