初中英语语法现在进行时

1、初中英语语法现在进行时讲解与习题 现在进行时表示1、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g. They are working these days.3、某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I am coming.其结构为be+现在分词. 现在分词的变法有1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing ,E.g. jump2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have  write3、.以重读闭音

2、节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put其句式变换都在be上做文章。E.g. He is buying a bike.Is he buying a bike?He isnt buying a bike.一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等时间状语做标志。自我检测（一） 、单选1、 Look! He _their mother do the housework.A. is helping     B. are help  

3、   C. is help    D.is helpping2 、_are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.A .Who            B .How          C.What         D.

4、Where3、 Dont talk here. My mother _.A. is sleeping    B .are sleeping  C. sleeping    D .sleep4 、Danny _. Dont call him.A. is writeing    B .is writing    C.writing      D .writes5 、When_he_back? Sorry, I dont

5、know.A. does,come       B.are coming    C.is come    D.is coming答案：A  C  A  B  D（二）、填空1、 Its ten oclock. My mother _(lie)in bed.2、 What_he _(mend)?3、 We _(play)games now.4、 What _you_(do) these days?5、 _he _(clean) the c

6、lassroom?6、 Who_(sing)in the next room?7 、The girl_(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She _(wear)a red sweater today.答案：1 is lying   2 is mending   3  are playing  4 are doing5 Is cleaning  6 is singing  7 likes ;  is wearing一、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错例：1、They are swimi

7、ng.(swim)2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football.答案：1.swimming      2 .playing解析：动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则；“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则；“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例：1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park.2 、Li Mingisnt read ( not read) a book in bed now.答案：1 ar

8、e flying  2 isnt reading解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：1 、The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问)What are the students in the room?答案：What are the students doing in the room?解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”或简写为“What.doing.”?句式。四、现在进行时态的选择疑问句中

9、易忽视or后用现在分词形式例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？Are the children running or jump?答案：Are the children running or jumping?解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。一般现在时的讲解与练习一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一，是初中英语语法重点。它表示1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watchin

10、g TV. 3)表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth. 其结构按正常语序，即“主语+谓语+其它”，有时为了起强调作用，时间状语也可提前. 其句式变化可分为两种情况 1)表示动作， 一般人称作主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词dont；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They dont have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2）单三人称做主语的，变否定句须在动

11、词前加助动词doesnt；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。E.g. Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesnt speak English very well.Does Jenny speak English very well? 含有be动词的要在be上做变化. E.g. Danny is a good student.Danny isnt a good student. Is Danny a good student?其时间状语为often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词，on Saturdays、 in

12、 the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。 学生常见错误如下：一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.答案：plant解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀：“英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。”自我检测：(一)、 单选1 Jenny _ in an office. Her

13、parents _in a hospital.A work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain4 He said the sun _in the east and _in t

14、he west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied答案：1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B(二)、填空< 1 I can take Li Ming there w

15、hen he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming?7 _she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .答案：1 comes 2 Does kn

16、ow 3 is away from 4 doesn't look二、单三人称形式易出错例：1 He plaies (play) football very well.2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.答案：1 plays 2 goes解析：1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2与名词变复数不同，变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.三、在句式变换时易出错例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China.答案：1 Do

17、es have 2 doesnt live解析：单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时，可记住如下口诀：“见助动，用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.四、对do的理解易出错例：We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon.答案：dont do解析：do是一个比较难理解的词，它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称；b)是助动词，无实义；c)是一个具体的行为动词“做，干”。此句中给出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句变为否定句，故须在do前加助动词dont。五、对主语

18、的数判断有误例： Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.答案: is解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”，但with在此做伴随状语，不能做主语，故用is.另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。一、一般将来时的动词形式一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。但是现在第一人称一般也用will，其区别并不明显。（或

19、“be going to + 动词原形）常与tomorrow, next , in （the） future，soon, in five days，in two weeks等连用。如:   I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.如明天下雨我就不来。My father will leave for China next week.我的爸爸下星期要到中国去。“Ill, Youll, Hell , Shell , Itll, Well , Theyll ”是简缩形式。1.The workers will build a new school

20、here next year.工人们明年将在这儿盖一所新学校。They will go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午他们将要去购物。We shall have a delicious dinner tonight. 今晚我们将美餐一顿。We shall be there before dark. 我们天黑前会到达那里。2.I will not go shopping one hour later. 一小时之后我不会去购物。He wont play football with you before he finishes his work.他干完活后才能跟你踢足球。

21、3.Will you be back in ten minutes? 十分钟后你会回来吗？Will you please open the window? 请你打开窗户好吗？Shall we get something hot to drink? 我们喝一些热饮怎么样？4.Where will you go next week? 下星期你去哪?How many books will they get? 他们将有多少本书？1.be going to +不定式，表示将来。表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。be going to和will相比，be going to通常表示主观，wil

22、l通常表示客观。What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要做什么？Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看看这些黑云，将有一场暴风雨。2.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。这种结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。We are to have a meeting next Saturday. 下个周日我们有个会。The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 这个男孩明天要去上学。Are we to go

23、on with this work? 我们继续干吗？The president is to visit China next week.总统下周来访中国。3.“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。这一结构用于表示客观就要发生的事，表示马上就要发生。一般不再与时间状语连用。Dont go out. Were about to have a meeting. 别出去了,我们很快就开会了。I was about to start when it began to rain.我刚要出发就下起雨来了。He is about to leave fo

24、r Shenyang.他将要离开去沈阳。The film is about to begin. 电影马上就要开始了。四注意事项1. be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。2. Lets 的附加疑问通常使用“, shall we ?”。问句是“Shall?”，答句就用“shall ”；问句用“Will ？”，答句就用“will ”。要前后保持一致。Shall you go to school next week ?Yes, I shall . Well have an exam .Will you have an exam tomo

25、rrow?Yes, I will. / No, I wont.一般过去时的讲解与练习 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire.  Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）谈到已故人的情况时

26、多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say?    另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?    其结构是"主语+动词的过去式"。be动词的过去式为was, were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-worked; ask-as

27、ked; 2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-arrived; like-liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped; 4)以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry-carried; study-studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住.    其句式变化分为两种情况1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章

28、. e.g. I was born in 1980.  I was not born in 1980.  Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn't.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday.  I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday.  Did you buy a gift for your mum yeste

29、rday?    其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning; 由"last+时间"构成的短语, e.g. last year; 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.     常见错误如下:    一把动词变成过去式易出错

30、    例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now.        2 They plaied (play) football yesterday.    答案: 1 stopped   2 played    解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed." 

31、60;  二忘记把动词变成过去式    例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday.    答案: flew    解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记".专项练习:一 选择1 She lived there before he_to China.  A. came  B. comes  C. come  D. coming2 I _but_nothing.&

32、#160;A . was listened;was hearing   B. listened;heard  C . have listened; heard  D. listened; heard of3 When did you _here? A. got to  B. reached  C. arrive in  D. reach 4 I_my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening. A. finished  B. would finis

33、h  C. was finishing  D. finish5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he? - _.A. No, he doesn't  B. Yes, he didn't  C. No, he did  D. Yes, he did.6 -I have had supper. - When _you_it? A. have; had  B. do, have  C. did,h

34、ave  D. will have答案: 1 A  2 B  3 D  4 A  5 D  6 C二 填空1 They_(be) on the farm a moment ago.2 There_(be)a shop not long ago.3 Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.4 Danny _(read )English five minutes ago.5 I _(see)Li Lei _(go) out just now.6 He _(do)his homework every day. But he _(not do)it yesterday.7 When I was young, I _(play)games with my friends.8 When _you_(write)this book?  I _it last year.9 Did he_(have) lunch at home?10 I _(eat) the bread, I 'm full now.答案:1 were  2 was  3 didn't go