英语五大基本句型及练习

1、英语五大基本句型及练习 基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。句型一：主语+不及物动词( S + V )  不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。e.g. The rain stopped . The old man walks in the park. 句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动

2、词+状语e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)2.There +不及物动词+主语e.g. There is some milk in the bottle. There comes the bus. 3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式e.g. They stopped to take a short rest. (他们停下来稍作休息)特别提醒动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。e.g. They s

3、topped taking a rest . 句型二：主语+系动词+表语( S + V + C )系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。e.g. My sister is a nurse .   I feel quite hungry.    The ball is under the desk. 句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语( S + V +O )及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。e.g. We are learning English .Do you kn

4、ow him?Your radio needs repairing.She hopes to see her uncle. 句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语( S + V + IO + DO )有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.   Give me the book, please.特别提醒  A. 在此句型中，通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。e.g. Her mot

5、her bought a skirt for her .    Give the book to me, please.   直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给) 间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄

6、到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏) B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。e.g.  I handed it to our teacher. 不能说：I handed our teacher it .C. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .  a. She was bought a skirt by her mother.b. A skirt was bough

7、t for her by her mother. 句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语( S + V + O + C )及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.    The news made us sad.     She saw the thief steal into the shop.    The teacher asked me to answer the questio

8、n.    I found the man stealing the money.    I found my money stolen.练习题一 指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。 I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise. In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and

9、 quiet life. There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. I can hear birds singing in the green trees. I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake. All this will be interesting and good for my health. So I want to go to the countryside for a change. 1. ( S + V ) _2. ( S + V +O ) _3.

10、( S + V + C ) _4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _5. ( S + V + O + C ) _6. There be 句型 _二 翻译基本句型（一）主语+不及物动词 ( S + V )1. 他昨天早上起床很晚。_2. 那天晚上我们谈了很多。_3. 会议将持续两个小时。_4. 五年前我住在北京。_基本句型（二）主语+及物动词+宾语( S + V +O )1. 昨晚我写了一封信。_2. 我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently_3. 你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。_7. 你在工作中可以依靠他。_基本句型（三）主语+系动词+表语( S + V + C )1.我的兄弟都是大学

11、生。_2. 这本书是关于美国历史的书。_3. 树叶变黄了。_4. 这个报告听起来很有意思。_5. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。_6. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。pianist_7. 孩子们，请保持安静。 _基本句型（四）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO )1. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_2. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary_3. 我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。_4. 我替你叫辆出租车好吗？_基本句型（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C )1. 每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。_2. 那可怕的声音把孩

12、子们吓坏了。makefrightened_3. 他每个月理一次发。_4. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。_基本句型练习答案三 指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。1.（6） 2. (1) (3) (8) 3. (4) 4. (7) 5. (5) 6. (2)基本句型（一）主语+ 不及物动词 ( S + V )1. He got up very late yesterday morning. 2. That evening we talked a great deal.3. The meeting will last two hours.4. The May Fourth Movement broke ou

13、t in Beijing in 1919.5. This box weighs five kilos. 6. I lived in Beijing five years ago.7. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.基本句型（二）主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 ( S + V +O )1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.My father can speak English fluently.3.Do you mind my opening the window

14、.4.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.5.He pointed out the mistakes in my composition.6.We must send for a doctor. 7.You can depend on him in your work.8.After writing a composition, we must go over it.基本句型（三）主语 + 系动词 + 表语 ( S + V + C )1 My brothers are all college students.2 This book

15、 is about the history of the United States.3 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.4 He is out of work. 5. The leaves have turned yellow.6 The report sounds interesting. 7. Mrs. Brown looks very healthy8 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.9. Children , keep quiet please.

16、基本句型（四）主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO )1. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.2. Would you please pass me the dictionary.3. My father has bought me a new bike.4. Shall I call you a taxi?5. This term I have written three letters to my parents.6. He showed the ticket to the conductor.基本句型（五）5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C )1. All of us consider him honest. 2. The have set the t