现在完成时讲解与习题

1、现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语 +have/has+过去分词（done）肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他例：They have lived here for a long time.否定句：主语 +have/has+not+过去分词+其他例：She hasn't spoken to him.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他例：Have you seen Matthew?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1）现在完成时的“完成用法”现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联

2、系，也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.例：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。）I have spent all of my money.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了 .）2）现在完成时的”未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与 for （+时间段）,since （+时间点）连用.例： Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three d

3、ays ago.一、/»汪后：1 .现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，（如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday（morning 、 afternoon）,last（morning 、 afternoon） 等，除斗£与 for, since 连用.2 .现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如already （肯定），yet （否定，疑问），just, before,recently, still, lately等：例： He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him re

4、cently （lately）.We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3 .现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如ever, never, twice, several times等：例： Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met tha

5、t gentleman several times.4 .现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如up to these few days/weeks/months/years,just, up to present（now）, so far等：例：Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.5 .现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作We have had four texts this semester.6 . have

6、 been to 和 have gone to 的区另U ：have been to 强调"去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国"，现在已"不在美国”）have gone to 主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如:-Where's your mother?-你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital.-她去医院了。has been in一直在某地三、现在完成时考点例析一、考查其构成"助动词have （has） + 动

7、词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如：1. Kate's never seen Chinese films , ?A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因 Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选 B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him.（改为否定句 ）His uncle posted the photos to him.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问

8、句中，故填 hasn't, yet 。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So her parents.A. has B. had C. did D. have析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语”结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数，故选Do二、考查其用法与标志词（一）当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?-you your homework

9、 yet?A. Do; finishB. Are; finishingC. Did; finishD. Have; finished2. -you anywhere before?-Yes, but I can't remember where IA. Did; surf; surfedB. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfedD.Have; surfed; have surfed析：据yet和before可知，应用现在完成时，故 1题选D, 2题选D。（二）当句中有"for +段时间"或"since

10、 +点时间”等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续T动词或表状态的词（短语）。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice he came to Yunnan.A. after B. beforeC. sinceD. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选Co2. Tom the CD player for two weeks.A. has lentB. has borrowedC. has boughtD. has had析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"

11、;段时间”的短语连用，故选D=3. I a letter from him since he left.A. didn't receiveB. haven't gotC. didn't haveD. haven't heard析：据 since 可知，应排除 A、C, "hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信”,故选Bo三、考查 have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区另1J。如：1. -Have you e

12、ver Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have.A. went toB. gone toC. been inD. been to析：据句中的have,排除A, B项意为"去某地了 "，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"，符合题意, 故选D。2. My parents Shangdong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been析：本题句中有"for

13、+段时间”结构，据此可排除 C, B项意为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选 A。四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.（改成正确的句子 ）析：非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's + 段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为： Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's

14、 aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.（改为同义句 ）more than ten years Susan to this city.析：据上题分析，且 since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填 It is, since, came 。3. I won't go to the concert because I my ticket.A. lost B.

15、 don't loseC. have lostD. is coming析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。五、英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词：表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit,stand, lie, keep 等。二、瞬间性动词：表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦

16、称终止性动词。常见的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop,open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, puton, get on/off 等瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：（1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/

17、a soldier for three years.（他参军已有 3 年了。） 不用 has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。） 不用 has got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time?（离家已有好久了 吗？）不用 has left常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away 2、come be here 3、come back be back 4、leave be away （be not here ）5、buy have 6、borr

18、ow keep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on9、finish be over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost13、get to know know 14、turn on be on 15、get upbe up 16、sit down sit/beseated17、join be in （）或 be a - member18、become be（2）用it issince结构来替换瞬间动词例1:电影已经开映 5分钟了。（两种方法） The film has been on for five minutes.I

19、t ' s five minutes since the film began.例2:他离开上海已有 3天了。（两种方法） He has been away from Shanghai for three days. It is three days since he left Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。（一种方法）例 3: It ' s two weeks since I returned the book to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一种方法）How long is it since be found his sister

20、?例4:瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用I haven ' t seen you for a long time.（好久没见至U你了。）练习题一、单项选择1. Li Hong has the army for 2 years.A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in2. We have been friends since.A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before3. Mike the story for a month.A. has bou

21、ght B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed4. You that question three times.A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou.A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago6. I at this school for two years.A. am stu

22、dying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They in the city since last summer.A. live B. didn ' t live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou 1992.A. since B. from C. after D. in9. Mr. Black China since the summer of 1998.A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to1

23、0. His father for years.A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. diest go,sees11. Mary to see the films because she it twice.A. won' t go, saw B.won' t go, will seeC. won' t go, has seen D. didn12. - Would you like some more food?-Thank you. I enough.A. will have B. have had C. have D. ha

24、d13. -you England?-Yes, it a beautiful country.A. Will, gone to, was B. Have , been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is14. -you to Beijing?No, I.I there early next month.A. Have, been, haven ' t, am going B. Had, been, hadn ' t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven ' t, was going D.

25、Did, go, didn ' t, was going15. -You sister to London to study English. Is that true?-Yes , she there for two months.A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been16. He has a computer of his own. He it two days agoA. buy B. bought C. buys D. has bought17. Wher

26、e is Li Lei? He Shanghai.A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to18. He his homework and is now listening to music.A. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing19. David Shanghai for more than three months.A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to20. - Is your father

27、 a Party member?-Yes, he the party three years ago. He a Party member for three years.A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was21. -What a nice bike! How long you it?-Just five weeks.A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had22. I this book for a week .I

28、have to return it now.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept23. -your sister in Green China for a long time?-Yes. She joined it five years ago.A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. -How long have you from the USA?-For three months.A. come back B. returned C. go bac

29、k D. been back 25. I this book for half a year.A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer for a year.A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away27. -you your homework yet?-Yes, I it just now.A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finis

30、hed C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather in Beijing several times this year.A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened29. -How long have you been here?-last month.A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since30. He a cold for three days.A. has caught B. has ha

31、d C. has got D. caught31. Jim Green in China for two years.A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came32. The film for half an hour.A. has been on B. has begunC. hasn ' t begun D. began33. Where have you these days ? I have to Beijing with my friends.A. been ; gone B. been ; been C. gone ; be

32、en D. gone ; gone34. How long have you this book?A. bought B . borrowed C . hadD. lent35. We have lived here five years ago.A. when B . since C . before D . after36. I have watched the game .did ; watch Dwill ; watchhaven't visited Dhadn't visited-When you it ?A. have; watched B .do; watch C37. How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black ? Oh, I such a beautiful cityA. don't visit B. didn't visit C38. Miss Brown to the Great Wall twice .he came to YunnanA. have been B . has been C . have gone D . has gone39. His brother has been to Stone Forest twiceA. after B . before C . since D .