B08091022靖世敏 外文翻译--数字滤波器的仿真与实现

1、三江学院毕业设计(论文外文资料翻译院系电子信息工程专业电子信息工程学生姓名靖世敏班级学号B08091022外文出处百度文库附件:1.外文资料翻译译文(约3000汉字;2.外文资料原文(与课题相关的1万印刷符号左右。 英文原文The simulation and the realization of the digital filter With the information age and the advent of the digital world, digital signal processing has become one of today's most importan

2、t disciplines and door technology. Digital signal processing in communications, voice, images, automatic control, radar, military, aerospace, medical and household appliances, and many other fields widely applied. In the digital signal processing applications, the digital filter is important and has

3、 been widely applied.1、figures Unit on :Analog and digital filtersIn signal processing, the function of a filter is to remove unwanted parts of the signal, such as random noise, or to extract useful parts of the signal, such as the components lying within a certain frequency range.The following bloc

4、k diagram illustrates the basic idea. There are two main kinds of filter, analog and digital. They are quite different in their physical makeup and in how they work. An analog filter uses analog electronic circuits made up from components such as resistors, capacitors and op amps to produce the requ

5、ired filtering effect. Such filter circuits are widely used in such applications as noise reduction, video signal enhancement, graphic equilibrium in hi-fi systems, and many other areas. There are well-established standard techniques for designing an analog filter circuit for a given requirement. At

6、 all stages, the signal being filtered is an electrical voltage or current which is the direct analogue of the physical quantity (e.g. a sound or video signal or transducer output involved. A digital filter uses a digital processor to performnumerical calculations on sampled values of the signal. Th

7、e processor may be a general-purpose computer such as a PC, or a specialized DSP (Digital Signal Processor chip. The analog input signal must first be sampled and digitized using an ADC (analog to digital converter. The resulting binary numbers, representing successive sampled values of the input si

8、gnal, are transferred to the processor, which carries out numerical calculations on them. These calculations typically involve multiplying the input values by constants and adding the products together. If necessary, the results of these calculations, which now represent sampled values of the filter

9、ed signal, are output through a DAC (digital to analog converter to convert the signal back to analog form.Note that in a digital filter, the signal is represented by a sequence of numbers, rather than a voltage or current.The following diagram shows the basic setup of such a system. Unit refers to

10、the input signals used to filter hardware or software. If the filter input, output signals are separated, they are bound to respond to the impact of the Unit is separated, such as digital filters filter definition. Digital filter function, which was to import sequences X transformation into export o

11、perations through a series Y.According to figures filter function 24-hour live response characteristics, digital filters can be divided into two, namely, unlimited long live long live the corresponding IIR filter and the limited response to FIR filters. IIR filters have theadvantage of the digital f

12、ilter design can use simulation results, and simulation filter design of a large number of tables may facilitate simple. It is the shortcomings of the nonlinear phase; Linear phase if required, will use the entire network phase-correction. Image processing and transmission of data collection is requ

13、ired with linear phase filters identity. And FIR linear phase digital filter to achieve, but an arbitrary margin characteristics. Impact from the digital filter response of the units can be divided into two broad categories : the impact of the limited response (FIR filters, and unlimited number of s

14、hocks to (IIR digital filters.FIR filters can be strictly linear phase, but because the system FIR filter function extremity fixed at the original point, it can only use the higher number of bands to achieve their high selectivity for the same filter design indicators FIR filter called band than a f

15、ew high-IIR 5-10 times, the cost is higher, Signal delay is also larger. But if the same linear phase, IIR filters must be network-wide calibration phase, the same section also increase the number of filters and net work complexity. FIR filters can be used the recursive method, not in a limited prec

16、ision of a shock, and into the homes and quantitative factors of uncertainty arising from the impact of errors than IIR filter small number, and FIR filter can be used FFT algorithms, the computational speed. But unlike IIR filter can filter through the simulation results, there is no ready-made for

17、mula FIR filter must use computer-aided design software (such as MATLAB to calculate. So, a broader application of FIR filters, and IIR filters are not very strict requirements on occasions.Unit from sub-functions can be divided into the following four categories :(1 Low-filter (LPF;(2 high-filter (

18、HPF;(3 belt-filter (BPF;(4 to prevent filter (BSF.The following chart dotted line for the ideals of the filter frequency characteristics : 2、MATLAB introducedMATLAB is a matrix laboratory (Matrix Laboratory is intended. In addition to an excellent value calculation capability, it also provides profe

19、ssional symbols terms, word processing, visualization modeling, simulation and real-time control functions. MATLAB as the world's top mathematical software applications, with a strong engineering computing, algorithms research, engineering drawings, applications development, data analysis and dy

20、namic simulation, and other functions, in aerospace, mechanical manufacturing and construction fields playing an increasingly important role. And the C language function rich, the use of flexibility, high-efficiency goals procedures. High language both advantages aswell as low level language feature

21、s. Therefore, C language is the most widely used programming language. Although MATLAB is a complete, fully functional programming environment, but in some cases, data and procedures with the external environment of the world is very necessary and useful. Filter design using MATLAB, could be adjuste

22、d with the design requirements and filter characteristics of the parameters, visual simple, greatly reducing the workload for the filter design optimization.In the electricity system protection and secondary computer control, many signal processing and analysis are based on are certain types sinusoi

23、dal wave and the second harmonics of the system voltage and current signals (especially at D process, are mixed with a variety of complex components, the filter has been installed power system during the critical components. Current computer protection and the introduction of two digital signal proc

24、essing software main filter. Digital filter design using traditional cumbersome formula, the need to change the parameters after recalculation, especially in high filters, filter design workload. Uses MATLAB signal processing boxes can achieve rapid and effective digital filter design and simulation

25、.MATLAB is the basic unit of data matrix, with its directives expression mathematics, engineering, commonly used form is very similar, it is used to solve a problem than in MATLAB C, Fortran and other languages End precision much the same thing. The popular MATLAB 5.3/Simulink3.0 including hundreds

26、of internal function with the main pack and 30 types of tool kits (Toolbox. kits can be divided into functional tool kits and disciplines toolkit. MATLAB tool kit used to expand the functional symbols terms, visualization modeling simulation, word processing and real-time control functions. professi

27、onal disciplines toolkit is a stronger tool kits, tool kits control, signal processing tool kit, tool kits, etc. belonging to such communicationsMATLAB users to open widely welcomed. In addition to the internal function, all the packages MATLAB tool kits are readable document and the document could

28、be amended, modified or users through original program the construction of new procedures to prepare themselves for kits.3、Digital filter designDigital filter design of the basic requirementsDigital filter design must go through three steps :(1 Identification of indicators : In the design of a filte

29、r, there must be some indicators. These indicators should be determined on the basis of the application. In many practical applications, digital filters are often used to achieve the frequency operation. Therefore, indicators in the form of general jurisdiction given frequency range and phase respon

30、se. Margins key indicators given in two ways. The first is absolute indicators. It provides a function to respond to the demands of the general application of FIR filter design. The second indicator is the relative indicators. Its value in the form of answers to decibels. In engineering practice, th

31、e most popular of such indicators. For phase response indicators forms, usually in the hope that the system with a linear phase frequency bands human. Using linear phase filter design with the following response to the indicators strengths:it only contains a few algorithms, no plural operations;ther

32、e is delay distortion, only a fixed amount of delay; the filter length N (number of bands for N-1, the volume calculation for N/2 magnitude.(2 Model approach : Once identified indicators can use a previous study of the basic principles and relationships, a filter model to be closer to the target sys

33、tem.(3 Achieved : the results of the above two filters, usually by differential equations, system function or pulse response to describe. According to this description of hardware or software used to achieve it.4、Introduction of DSPToday, DSP is widely used in the modern techno logy and it has been

34、the key part of many products and played more and mo re important role in our daily life Recently, Northwestern Poly technical University Aviation Microelectronic Center has completed the design of digital signal processor co re NDSP25, which is aiming at TM S320C25 digital signal processor of Texas

35、 Instrument TM S320 series. By using top 2dow n design flow NDSP25 is compatible with instruction and interface timing of TM S320C25.Digital signal processors (DSP is a fit for real-time digital signal processing for high-speed dedicated processors, the main variety used for real-time digital signal

36、 processing to achieve rapid algorithms. In today's digital age background, the DSP has become the communications, computer, and consumer electronics products, and other fields based device.Digital signal processors and digital signal processing is inseparably, we usually say "DSP" can

37、 also mean the digital signal processing (Digital Signal Processing, is that in this digital signal processors Lane. Digital signal processing is a cover many disciplines applied to many areas and disciplines, refers to the use of computers or specialized processing equipment, the signals in digital

38、 form for the collection, conversion, recovery, valuation, enhancement, compression, identification, processing, the signals are compliant form. Digital signal processors for digital signal processing devices, it is accompanied by a digital signal processing to produce. DSP development process is br

39、oadly divided into three phases : the 20th century to the 1970s theory that the 1980s and 1990s for the development of products. Before the emergence of the digital signal processing in the DSP can only rely on microprocessors (MPU to complete. However, the advantage of lower high-speed real-time pr

40、ocessing can not meet the requirements. Therefore, until the 1970s, a talent made based DSP theory and algorithms. With LSI technology development in 1982 was the first recipient of the world gave birth to the DSP chip. Years later, the second generation based on CMOS工艺DSP chips have emerged. The la

41、te 1980s, the advent of the third generation of DSP chips. DSP is the fastest-growing 1990s, there have been four successive five-generation and the generation DSP devices. After 20 years of development, the application of DSP products has been extended to people's learning, work and all aspects

42、 of life and gradually become electronics products determinants.中文翻译数字滤波器的仿真与实现随着信息时代和数字世界的到来,数字信号处理已成为当今一门极其重要的学科和技术领域。数字信号处理在通信、语音、图像、自动控制、雷达、军事、航空航天、医疗和家用电器等众多领域得到了广泛的应用。在数字信号处理应用中,数字滤波器十分重要并已获得广泛应用。1、数字滤波器介绍:模拟和数字滤波器在信号处理、过滤功能是一个不排除部分信息,如随机噪音、提取有用的信号部分,如部分地势在一定的频率范围.以下方框图说明基本思路. 有两大类型的过滤, 模拟以及数字

43、. 他们是完全不同的物理结构,如何工作. 类比电子电路模拟用的过滤部分组成,例如由电阻、电容、放大器和生产所需的过滤效果. 这种过滤器被广泛使用的电路减少噪音等方面的应用,提高视频信号、图像均衡的高科技传真系统等众多领域. 有完善的技术标准设计的模拟电路进行过滤特定要求. 在各个阶段,是一个信号,是电机电压和过滤,目前直接的物理模拟量(例如声音或视频信号和变频器生产处理. 数码过滤用数字进行数值计算处理器的信号抽样值. 处理器的可能通用计算机等PC或专业发展计划图(数字信号处理器芯片. 模拟信号必须先投入使用的取样和数码艺术发展局(模拟到数字转换器. 由此二元多,占抽样连续输入信号的价值,转移

44、到处理器,进行数字计算. 这些计算通常涉及多方面的投入和增加产品价值的共同因素. 如有必要,这些计算结果,现在是抽样信号值的过滤,产出通过发展援助委员会(类比数位转换器来信号转换回模拟形式.看到一个数字过滤,信号是由一系列数字,而不是电压或逆流.以下图表显示了这种制度的基本格局: 滤波器是指用来对输入信号进行滤波的硬件或软件。如果滤波器的输入、输出都是离散信号,则该滤波器的冲击响应也必然是离散的,这样的滤波器定义为数字滤波器。数字滤波器的功能,就是把输入序列X通过一定的运算变换成输出序列Y。根据数字滤波器冲激响应函数的时域特性,可将数字滤波器分为两种,即无限长冲激相应IIR滤波器和有限长冲激响

45、应FIR滤波器。IIR数字滤波器的优点是可以利用模拟滤波器设计的结果,而模拟滤波器的设计有大量图表可查,方便简单。它的缺点是相位的非线性;若需要线性相位,则要采用全通网络进行相位校正。图象处理以及数据采集传输都要求滤波器具有线性相位特性。而FIR数字滤波器可以实现线性相位,又可具有任意幅度特性。从数字滤波器的单位冲击响应来看,可分为两大类:有限冲击响应(FIR数字滤波器和无限冲击响应(IIR数字滤波器。FIR滤波器却可以得到严格的线性相位,然而由于FIR滤波器的系统函数的极点固定在原点,所以只能用较高的阶数来实现其高选择性,对于同样的滤波器设计指标,FIR滤波器所要求的阶数要比IIR高5至10

46、倍,所以成本较高,信号延迟也较大。但是如果要求相同的线性相位,则IIR滤波器就必须加全通网络进行相位校正,同样也要增加滤波器网络的节数和复杂性。FIR滤波器可以用非递归的方法实现,在有限精度下不会产生振荡,同时由于量化舍入以及系数的不确定性所引起的误差的影响要比IIR滤波器小的多,并且FIR 滤波器可以采用 FFT 算法，运算速度快。但是不象 IIR 滤波器可以借助模 拟滤波器的成果，FIR 滤波器没有现成的计算公式，必须要用计算机辅助设计 软件（如 MATLAB）来计算。由此可知，FIR 滤波器应用比较广，而 IIR 滤波 器则用在相位要求不是很严格的场合。 滤波器从功能上分又可分为如下 4

47、 类: (1低通滤波器(LPF； (2高通滤波器(HPF ； (3带通滤波器(BPF ； (4带阻滤波器(BSF。 理想滤波器的幅频特性下图虚线为： 2、 MATLAB 介绍： 、 介绍 MATLAB 是矩阵实验室（Matrix Laboratory）之意。除具备卓越的数值 计算能力外，它还提供了专业水平的符号计算，文字处理，可视化建模仿真 和实时控制等功能。MATLAB 作为世界顶尖的数学应用软件，以其强大的工 程计算、算法研究、工程绘图、应用程序开发、数据分析和动态仿真等功 能，在航空航天、机械制造和工程建筑等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。而 C 语言功能丰富，使用灵活方便，目标程序效率高。

48、既有高级语言的优点， 又有低级语言的特点。因此，C 语言是目前应用最广的编程语言。虽然 MATLAB 是一个完整的、功能齐全的编程环境，但在某些情况下，与外部环 境的数据和程序的交互是非常必须而且有益的。利用 MATLAB 设计滤波器， 可以随时对比设计要求和滤波器特性调整参数，直观简便，极大的减轻了工 作量，有利于滤波器设计的最优化。 在电力系统微机保护和二次控制中，很多信号的处理与分析都是基于正 旋基波和某些整次谐波而进行的，而系统电压电流信号（尤其是故障瞬变过 程）中混有各种复杂成分，所以滤波器一直是电力系统二次装置的关键部 件。目前微机保护和二次信号处理软件主要采用数字滤波器。传统的数字滤 波器设计使用繁琐的公式计算，改变参数后需要重新计算，在设计滤波器尤 其是高阶滤波器时工作量很大。利用 MATLAB 信号处理箱可以快速有效地实 现数字滤波器的设计与仿真。 MATLAB 的基本数据单位是矩阵，它的指令表达式与数学,工程中常用 的形式十分相似,故用 MATLAB 来解算问题要比用 C,FORTRAN 等语言完相同 的事情简捷得多.当前流行的 MATLAB 5.3/Simulink3.0 包括拥有数百个内部函 数的主