布斯算法乘法器和算术运算器

1、Booth 算法16位乘法器西安电子科技大学大三集成电路设计与集成系统专业尹俊镖一乘法器原理分析16位有符号乘法器可以分为三个部分：根据输入的被乘数和乘数产生部分积、部分积压缩产生和和进位、将产生的和和进位相加。这三个部分分别对应着编码方式、拓扑结构以及加法器。 1编码方式：本设计采用booth2编码。 部分积是负数时S=1，部分积是正数时S=0；当部分积是+0时，E=1，部分积是-0时，E=0，其余情况E=S取反。2拓扑结构：本设计采用二进制树的拓扑结构。二进制树拓扑结构排列的较为规整，且部分积压缩的速度也非常快。部分积压缩的目的是为了减小进位传播的延时，采用进位保留加法器，根据当前位信息产

2、生下一位的进位，仅仅产生而没有进位行波传播，这样就可以把当前的多位压缩到较少的位数。经过几次压后，把部分积压缩成和以及进位。部分积主要是通过counter 和compressor 进行压缩，通常使用（3:2）counter 和（4:2）compressor 。（3:2）counter 其实质就是一个全加器，进位输入为ci ，进位输出为c ；（4:2）compressor 可以由两个全加器组成，ci 为进位输入，Coin 为内部进位，输入到下一位的进位输入Ci ，Coex 为输出进位。 上图为二进制树的拓扑结构图，每4个部分积输入到一个（4:2）compressor 中，产生两个输出，则8个部分

3、积使用3次（4:2）compressor 就可以得到和和 进位。部分积的压缩方式可以见下图。如图中所示，加上最后一个部分积的进位，共有9个部分积，本设计把最后的进位位移到第一个部分积上，使用5个全加器，把进位融合到第一个部分积，这样就转变成8个部分积了，再使用两级二进制树压缩，所以总共使用了三级压缩，最终得到部分积的和和进位。为了免去不必要的硬件开销，对于部分积边上的位采用counter 压缩。上文提到的符号位扩展的改进方法，其目的也就是减少硬件开销，所以在不影响性能的情况下，单独出来部分积的边缘位是十分有必要的。3加法器本设计采用超前进位加法器。为了使得乘法器的延时最小，最后一级的加法器采用

4、传播延时最小的超前进位加法器。超前进位加法器的原理及构成，在此不做详述。二仿真验证对于16位乘法器的仿真验证，若采用穷举法，则有232种情况，验证次数太多，所以只能采用随机数的验证方法。产生两个随机数，加入到乘法器的两个输入端，如此循环10000 次，若没有错误，则可以认为乘法器功能正确。X ，Y 是产生的两个随机数，product 是两数的乘积，product_check是用于验证结果是否正确。Count 用于计数，循环10000次，error 记录计算一万次错误的 次数，若发生错误，则退出仿真。三1Booth2模块源程序代码module mul_16(x,y,product;/genera

5、tepartial productinput 15:0x;input 15:0y;output 31:0product;wire 19:0pp1;wire 20:0pp2;wire 20:0pp3;wire 20:0pp4;wire 20:0pp5;wire 20:0pp6;wire 20:0pp7;wire 19:0pp8;reg symb8;reg 16:0tpp1; /partialproduct /ninthpartial productreg 16:0tpp2;reg 16:0tpp3;reg 16:0tpp4;reg 16:0tpp5;reg 16:0tpp6;reg 16:0tp

6、p7;reg 16:0tpp8;reg symb1;reg symb2;reg symb3;reg symb4;reg symb5;reg symb6;reg symb7;/the first partial productalways (yor x beginsymb1=1'b0;case(y1:02'b00:tpp1=17'b0;2'b01:tpp1=x15,x;2'b10:begintpp1=x,1'b0;symb1=1'b1;end2'b11:begintpp1=x15,x;symb1=1'b1;endendcas

7、eend/the sencod partial productalways (yor x beginsymb2=1'b0;case(y3:13'b000:tpp2=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp2=x15,x;3'b011:tpp2=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp2=x,1'b0;symb2=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:3'b111:endcaseend begin tpp2=x15,x;symb2=1'b1;end tpp2=1'

8、;b0,16'b0;/the third partial productalways (yor x beginsymb3=1'b0;case(y5:33'b000:tpp3=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp3=x15,x;3'b011:tpp3=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp3=x,1'b0;symb3=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begintpp3=x15,x;symb3=1'b1;end3'b111:tpp3=1'b0,

9、16'b0;endcaseend/the fourth partial productalways (yor x beginsymb4=1'b0;case(y7:53'b000:tpp4=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp4=x15,x;3'b011:tpp4=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp4=x,1'b0;symb4=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begin3'b111:endcaseend tpp4=x15,x;symb4=1'b1

10、;end tpp4=1'b0,16'b0;/the fifth partial productalways (yor x beginsymb5=1'b0;case(y9:73'b000:tpp5=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp5=x15,x;3'b011:tpp5=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp5=x,1'b0;symb5=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begintpp5=x15,x;symb5=1'b1;end3'b111

11、:tpp5=1'b0,16'b0;endcaseend/the sixth partial productalways (yor x beginsymb6=1'b0;case(y11:93'b000:tpp6=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp6=x15,x;3'b011:tpp6=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp6=x,1'b0;symb6=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begintpp6=x15,x;symb6=1'b1;3'

12、b111:endcaseend end tpp6=1'b0,16'b0;/the seventh partial productalways (yor x beginsymb7=1'b0;case(y13:113'b000:tpp7=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp7=x15,x;3'b011:tpp7=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp7=x,1'b0;symb7=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begintpp7=x15,x;symb7=1&#

13、39;b1;end3'b111:tpp7=1'b0,16'b0;endcaseend/the eighth partial productalways (yor x beginsymb8=1'b0;case(y15:133'b000:tpp8=17'b0;3'b001,3'b010:tpp8=x15,x;3'b011:tpp8=x,1'b0;3'b100:begintpp8=x,1'b0;symb8=1'b1;end3'b101,3'b110:begintpp8=x15,x;

14、symb8=1'b1;end3'b111:tpp8=1'b0,16'b0;endcaseendassign pp119:0=!tpp116,tpp116,tpp116,tpp1;assign pp220:0=1'b1,!tpp216,tpp2,1'b0,symb1;assign pp320:0=1'b1,!tpp316,tpp3,1'b0,symb2;assign pp420:0=1'b1,!tpp416,tpp4,1'b0,symb3;assign pp520:0=1'b1,!tpp516,tpp5,1&

15、#39;b0,symb4;assign pp620:0=1'b1,!tpp616,tpp6,1'b0,symb5;assign pp720:0=1'b1,!tpp716,tpp7,1'b0,symb6;assign pp819:0=!tpp816,tpp8,1'b0,symb7;compressor comprs(.pp1(pp1,.pp2(pp2,.pp3(pp3,.pp4(pp4,.pp5(pp5,.pp6(pp6,.pp7(pp7,.pp8(pp8,.symb8(symb8,.product(product;endmodule2加法器module

16、adder_32(input31:0add_in1,add_in2,/input c0,output 31:0add_out;wire 31:0p,g,psum;/formthe psum?propagate and generate signals from the inputxor(psum0,add_in10,add_in20;xor(psum1,add_in11,add_in21;xor(psum2,add_in12,add_in22;xor(psum3,add_in13,add_in23;xor(psum4,add_in14,add_in24;xor(psum5,add_in15,a

17、dd_in25;xor(psum6,add_in16,add_in26;xor(psum7,add_in17,add_in27;xor(psum8,add_in18,add_in28;xor(psum9,add_in19,add_in29;xor(psum10,add_in110,add_in210;xor(psum11,add_in111,add_in211;xor(psum12,add_in112,add_in212;xor(psum13,add_in113,add_in213;xor(psum14,add_in114,add_in214;xor(psum15,add_in115,add_

18、in215;xor(psum16,add_in116,add_in216;xor(psum17,add_in117,add_in217;xor(psum18,add_in118,add_in218;xor(psum19,add_in119,add_in219;xor(psum20,add_in120,add_in220;xor(psum21,add_in121,add_in221;xor(psum22,add_in122,add_in222;xor(psum23,add_in123,add_in223;xor(psum24,add_in124,add_in224;xor(psum25,add_

19、in125,add_in225;xor(psum26,add_in126,add_in226;xor(psum27,add_in127,add_in227;xor(psum28,add_in128,add_in228;xor(psum29,add_in129,add_in229;xor(psum30,add_in130,add_in230;xor(psum31,add_in131,add_in231;or(p0,add_in10,add_in20;or(p1,add_in11,add_in21;or(p2,add_in12,add_in22;or(p3,add_in13,add_in23;or

20、(p4,add_in14,add_in24;or(p5,add_in15,add_in25;or(p6,add_in16,add_in26;or(p7,add_in17,add_in27;or(p8,add_in18,add_in28;or(p9,add_in19,add_in29;or(p10,add_in110,add_in210;or(p11,add_in111,add_in211;or(p12,add_in112,add_in212;or(p13,add_in113,add_in213;or(p14,add_in114,add_in214;or(p15,add_in115,add_in

21、215;or(p16,add_in116,add_in216;or(p17,add_in117,add_in217;or(p18,add_in118,add_in218;or(p19,add_in119,add_in219;or(p20,add_in120,add_in220;or(p21,add_in121,add_in221;or(p22,add_in122,add_in222;or(p23,add_in123,add_in223;or(p24,add_in124,add_in224;or(p25,add_in125,add_in225;or(p26,add_in126,add_in226

22、;or(p27,add_in127,add_in227;or(p28,add_in128,add_in228;or(p29,add_in129,add_in229;or(p30,add_in130,add_in230;or(p31,add_in131,add_in231;and(g0,add_in10,add_in20;and(g1,add_in11,add_in21;and(g2,add_in12,add_in22;and(g3,add_in13,add_in23;and(g4,add_in14,add_in24;and(g5,add_in15,add_in25;and(g6,add_in1

23、6,add_in26;and(g7,add_in17,add_in27;and(g8,add_in18,add_in28;and(g9,add_in19,add_in29;and(g10,add_in110,add_in210;and(g11,add_in111,add_in211;and(g12,add_in112,add_in212;and(g13,add_in113,add_in213;and(g14,add_in114,add_in214;and(g15,add_in115,add_in215;and(g16,add_in116,add_in216;and(g17,add_in117,

24、add_in217;and(g18,add_in118,add_in218;and(g19,add_in119,add_in219;and(g20,add_in120,add_in220;and(g21,add_in121,add_in221;and(g22,add_in122,add_in222;and(g23,add_in123,add_in223;and(g24,add_in124,add_in224;and(g25,add_in125,add_in225;and(g26,add_in126,add_in226;and(g27,add_in127,add_in227;and(g28,ad

25、d_in128,add_in228;and(g29,add_in129,add_in229;and(g30,add_in130,add_in230;and(g31,add_in131,add_in231;/firstlevel of operatorwire 31:1p1,g1;wire 31:2p2,g2;wire 31:4p3,g3;wire 31:8p4,g4;wire 31:16p5,g5;op op11(.p1(p0,.p2(p1,.g1(g0,.g2(g1,.p3(p11,.g3(g11;op op12(.p1(p1,.p2(p2,.g1(g1,.g2(g2,.p3(p12,.g3

26、(g12;op op13(.p1(p2,.p2(p3,.g1(g2,.g2(g3,.p3(p13,.g3(g13;op op14(.p1(p3,.p2(p4,.g1(g3,.g2(g4,.p3(p14,.g3(g14;op op15(.p1(p4,.p2(p5,.g1(g4,.g2(g5,.p3(p15,.g3(g15;op op16(.p1(p5,.p2(p6,.g1(g5,.g2(g6,.p3(p16,.g3(g16;op op17(.p1(p6,.p2(p7,.g1(g6,.g2(g7,.p3(p17,.g3(g17;op op18(.p1(p7,.p2(p8,.g1(g7,.g2(g8

27、,.p3(p18,.g3(g18;op op19(.p1(p8,.p2(p9,.g1(g8,.g2(g9,.p3(p19,.g3(g19;op op110(.p1(p9,.p2(p10,.g1(g9,.g2(g10,.p3(p110,.g3(g110;op op111(.p1(p10,.p2(p11,.g1(g10,.g2(g11,.p3(p111,.g3(g111;op op112(.p1(p11,.p2(p12,.g1(g11,.g2(g12,.p3(p112,.g3(g112;op op113(.p1(p12,.p2(p13,.g1(g12,.g2(g13,.p3(p113,.g3(g1

28、13;op op114(.p1(p13,.p2(p14,.g1(g13,.g2(g14,.p3(p114,.g3(g114;op op115(.p1(p14,.p2(p15,.g1(g14,.g2(g15,.p3(p115,.g3(g115;op op116(.p1(p15,.p2(p16,.g1(g15,.g2(g16,.p3(p116,.g3(g116;op op117(.p1(p16,.p2(p17,.g1(g16,.g2(g17,.p3(p117,.g3(g117;op op118(.p1(p17,.p2(p18,.g1(g17,.g2(g18,.p3(p118,.g3(g118;op

29、 op119(.p1(p18,.p2(p19,.g1(g18,.g2(g19,.p3(p119,.g3(g119;op op120(.p1(p19,.p2(p20,.g1(g19,.g2(g20,.p3(p120,.g3(g120;op op121(.p1(p20,.p2(p21,.g1(g20,.g2(g21,.p3(p121,.g3(g121;op op122(.p1(p21,.p2(p22,.g1(g21,.g2(g22,.p3(p122,.g3(g122;op op123(.p1(p22,.p2(p23,.g1(g22,.g2(g23,.p3(p123,.g3(g123;op op12

30、4(.p1(p23,.p2(p24,.g1(g23,.g2(g24,.p3(p124,.g3(g124;op op125(.p1(p24,.p2(p25,.g1(g24,.g2(g25,.p3(p125,.g3(g125;op op126(.p1(p25,.p2(p26,.g1(g25,.g2(g26,.p3(p126,.g3(g126;op op127(.p1(p26,.p2(p27,.g1(g26,.g2(g27,.p3(p127,.g3(g127;op op128(.p1(p27,.p2(p28,.g1(g27,.g2(g28,.p3(p128,.g3(g128;op op129(.p1

31、(p28,.p2(p29,.g1(g28,.g2(g29,.p3(p129,.g3(g129;op op130(.p1(p29,.p2(p30,.g1(g29,.g2(g30,.p3(p130,.g3(g130;op op131(.p1(p30,.p2(p31,.g1(g30,.g2(g31,.p3(p131,.g3(g131;/secondlevelop op22(.p1(p0,.p2(p12,.g1(g0,.g2(g12,.p3(p22,.g3(g22;op op23(.p1(p11,.p2(p13,.g1(g11,.g2(g13,.p3(p23,.g3(g23;op op24(.p1(p

32、12,.p2(p14,.g1(g12,.g2(g14,.p3(p24,.g3(g24;op op25(.p1(p13,.p2(p15,.g1(g13,.g2(g15,.p3(p25,.g3(g25;op op26(.p1(p14,.p2(p16,.g1(g14,.g2(g16,.p3(p26,.g3(g26;op op27(.p1(p15,.p2(p17,.g1(g15,.g2(g17,.p3(p27,.g3(g27;op op28(.p1(p16,.p2(p18,.g1(g16,.g2(g18,.p3(p28,.g3(g28;op op29(.p1(p17,.p2(p19,.g1(g17,.

33、g2(g19,.p3(p29,.g3(g29;op op210(.p1(p18,.p2(p110,.g1(g18,.g2(g110,.p3(p210,.g3(g210;op op211(.p1(p19,.p2(p111,.g1(g19,.g2(g111,.p3(p211,.g3(g211;op op212(.p1(p110,.p2(p112,.g1(g110,.g2(g112,.p3(p212,.g3(g212;op op213(.p1(p111,.p2(p113,.g1(g111,.g2(g113,.p3(p213,.g3(g213;op op214(.p1(p112,.p2(p114,.g

34、1(g112,.g2(g114,.p3(p214,.g3(g214;op op215(.p1(p113,.p2(p115,.g1(g113,.g2(g115,.p3(p215,.g3(g215;op op216(.p1(p114,.p2(p116,.g1(g114,.g2(g116,.p3(p216,.g3(g216;op op217(.p1(p115,.p2(p117,.g1(g115,.g2(g117,.p3(p217,.g3(g217;op op218(.p1(p116,.p2(p118,.g1(g116,.g2(g118,.p3(p218,.g3(g218;op op219(.p1(p

35、117,.p2(p119,.g1(g117,.g2(g119,.p3(p219,.g3(g219;op op220(.p1(p118,.p2(p120,.g1(g118,.g2(g120,.p3(p220,.g3(g220;op op221(.p1(p119,.p2(p121,.g1(g119,.g2(g121,.p3(p221,.g3(g221;op op222(.p1(p120,.p2(p122,.g1(g120,.g2(g122,.p3(p222,.g3(g222;op op223(.p1(p121,.p2(p123,.g1(g121,.g2(g123,.p3(p223,.g3(g223

36、;op op224(.p1(p122,.p2(p124,.g1(g122,.g2(g124,.p3(p224,.g3(g224;op op225(.p1(p123,.p2(p125,.g1(g123,.g2(g125,.p3(p225,.g3(g225;op op226(.p1(p124,.p2(p126,.g1(g124,.g2(g126,.p3(p226,.g3(g226;op op227(.p1(p125,.p2(p127,.g1(g125,.g2(g127,.p3(p227,.g3(g227;op op228(.p1(p126,.p2(p128,.g1(g126,.g2(g128,.p

37、3(p228,.g3(g228;op op229(.p1(p127,.p2(p129,.g1(g127,.g2(g129,.p3(p229,.g3(g229;op op230(.p1(p128,.p2(p130,.g1(g128,.g2(g130,.p3(p230,.g3(g230;op op231(.p1(p129,.p2(p131,.g1(g129,.g2(g131,.p3(p231,.g3(g231;/thirdlevelop op34(.p1(p0,.p2(p24,.g1(g0,.g2(g24,.p3(p34,.g3(g34;op op35(.p1(p11,.p2(p25,.g1(g1

38、1,.g2(g25,.p3(p35,.g3(g35;op op36(.p1(p22,.p2(p26,.g1(g22,.g2(g26,.p3(p36,.g3(g36;op op37(.p1(p23,.p2(p27,.g1(g23,.g2(g27,.p3(p37,.g3(g37;op op38(.p1(p24,.p2(p28,.g1(g24,.g2(g28,.p3(p38,.g3(g38;op op39(.p1(p25,.p2(p29,.g1(g25,.g2(g29,.p3(p39,.g3(g39;op op310(.p1(p26,.p2(p210,.g1(g26,.g2(g210,.p3(p31

39、0,.g3(g310;op op311(.p1(p27,.p2(p211,.g1(g27,.g2(g211,.p3(p311,.g3(g311;op op312(.p1(p28,.p2(p212,.g1(g28,.g2(g212,.p3(p312,.g3(g312;op op313(.p1(p29,.p2(p213,.g1(g29,.g2(g213,.p3(p313,.g3(g313;op op314(.p1(p210,.p2(p214,.g1(g210,.g2(g214,.p3(p314,.g3(g314;op op315(.p1(p211,.p2(p215,.g1(g211,.g2(g21

40、5,.p3(p315,.g3(g315;op op316(.p1(p212,.p2(p216,.g1(g212,.g2(g216,.p3(p316,.g3(g316;op op317(.p1(p213,.p2(p217,.g1(g213,.g2(g217,.p3(p317,.g3(g317;op op318(.p1(p214,.p2(p218,.g1(g214,.g2(g218,.p3(p318,.g3(g318;op op319(.p1(p215,.p2(p219,.g1(g215,.g2(g219,.p3(p319,.g3(g319;op op320(.p1(p216,.p2(p220,.

41、g1(g216,.g2(g220,.p3(p320,.g3(g320;op op321(.p1(p217,.p2(p221,.g1(g217,.g2(g221,.p3(p321,.g3(g321;op op322(.p1(p218,.p2(p222,.g1(g218,.g2(g222,.p3(p322,.g3(g322;op op323(.p1(p219,.p2(p223,.g1(g219,.g2(g223,.p3(p323,.g3(g323;.p3(p324,.g3(g324;op op325(.p1(p221,.p2(p225,.g1(g221,.g2(g225,.p3(p325,.g3(

42、g325;op op326(.p1(p222,.p2(p226,.g1(g222,.g2(g226,.p3(p326,.g3(g326;op op327(.p1(p223,.p2(p227,.g1(g223,.g2(g227,.p3(p327,.g3(g327;op op328(.p1(p224,.p2(p228,.g1(g224,.g2(g228,.p3(p328,.g3(g328;op op329(.p1(p225,.p2(p229,.g1(g225,.g2(g229,.p3(p329,.g3(g329;op op330(.p1(p226,.p2(p230,.g1(g226,.g2(g23

43、0,.p3(p330,.g3(g330;op op331(.p1(p227,.p2(p231,.g1(g227,.g2(g231,.p3(p331,.g3(g331;/firthlevelop op48(.p1(p0,.p2(p38,.g1(g0,.g2(g38,.p3(p48,.g3(g48;op op49(.p1(p11,.p2(p39,.g1(g11,.g2(g39,.p3(p49,.g3(g49;op op410(.p1(p22,.p2(p310,.g1(g22,.g2(g310,.p3(p410,.g3(g410;op op411(.p1(p23,.p2(p311,.g1(g23,.

44、g2(g311,.p3(p411,.g3(g411;op op412(.p1(p34,.p2(p312,.g1(g34,.g2(g312,.p3(p412,.g3(g412;op op413(.p1(p35,.p2(p313,.g1(g35,.g2(g313,.p3(p413,.g3(g413;op op414(.p1(p36,.p2(p314,.g1(g36,.g2(g314,.p3(p414,.g3(g414;op op415(.p1(p37,.p2(p315,.g1(g37,.g2(g315,.p3(p415,.g3(g415;op op416(.p1(p38,.p2(p316,.g1(

45、g38,.g2(g316,.p3(p416,.g3(g416;op op417(.p1(p39,.p2(p317,.g1(g39,.g2(g317,.p3(p417,.g3(g417;op op418(.p1(p310,.p2(p318,.g1(g310,.g2(g318,.p3(p418,.g3(g418;op op419(.p1(p311,.p2(p319,.g1(g311,.g2(g319,.p3(p419,.g3(g419;.p3(p420,.g3(g420;op op421(.p1(p313,.p2(p321,.g1(g313,.g2(g321,.p3(p421,.g3(g421;o

46、p op422(.p1(p314,.p2(p322,.g1(g314,.g2(g322,.p3(p422,.g3(g422;op op423(.p1(p315,.p2(p323,.g1(g315,.g2(g323,.p3(p423,.g3(g423;op op424(.p1(p316,.p2(p324,.g1(g316,.g2(g324,.p3(p424,.g3(g424;op op425(.p1(p317,.p2(p325,.g1(g317,.g2(g325,.p3(p425,.g3(g425;op op426(.p1(p318,.p2(p326,.g1(g318,.g2(g326,.p3(

47、p426,.g3(g426;op op427(.p1(p319,.p2(p327,.g1(g319,.g2(g327,.p3(p427,.g3(g427;op op428(.p1(p320,.p2(p328,.g1(g320,.g2(g328,.p3(p428,.g3(g428;op op429(.p1(p321,.p2(p329,.g1(g321,.g2(g329,.p3(p429,.g3(g429;op op430(.p1(p322,.p2(p330,.g1(g322,.g2(g330,.p3(p430,.g3(g430;op op431(.p1(p323,.p2(p331,.g1(g32

48、3,.g2(g331,.p3(p431,.g3(g431;/fifthlevelop op516(.p1(p0,.p2(p416,.g1(g0,.g2(g416,.p3(p516,.g3(g516;op op517(.p1(p11,.p2(p417,.g1(g11,.g2(g417,.p3(p517,.g3(g517;op op518(.p1(p22,.p2(p418,.g1(g22,.g2(g418,.p3(p518,.g3(g518;op op519(.p1(p23,.p2(p419,.g1(g23,.g2(g419,.p3(p519,.g3(g519;op op520(.p1(p34,.

49、p2(p420,.g1(g34,.g2(g420,.p3(p520,.g3(g520;op op521(.p1(p35,.p2(p421,.g1(g35,.g2(g421,.p3(p521,.g3(g521;op op522(.p1(p36,.p2(p422,.g1(g36,.g2(g422,.p3(p522,.g3(g522;op op523(.p1(p37,.p2(p423,.g1(g37,.g2(g423,.p3(p523,.g3(g523;op op524(.p1(p48,.p2(p424,.g1(g48,.g2(g424,.p3(p524,.g3(g524;.p3(p525,.g3(g525;op op526(.p1(p410,.p2(p426,.g1(g410,.g2(g426,.p3(p526,.g3(g526;op op527(.p1(p411,.p2(p427,.g1(g411,.g2(g427,.p3(p527,.g3(g527;op op528(.p1(p412,.p2(p428,.g1(g412,.g2(g428,.p3(p528,.g3(g528;op op529(.p1(p413,.p2(p429,.g1(g