姜-英语不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词

1、非谓语动词 语法讲解Jiang Mei非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词Participle 分词分词Structure : to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative (否定否定): not to doPassive voice:(1). 主语主语 Subject不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.It is + a

2、 pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1(2). 表语表语 PredicativeMy jobYour ta

3、sk _(努力学习努力学习).is to study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 宾语宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.+ to dolike to domanage to dothink considerfind make feel形式宾语形式宾语4.我

4、希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought_.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 巩固练习2The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 宾补宾补 Complement五看五看 watc

5、h see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feel当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to: allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等等. 医生建议他去南方医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.sb to doI made him do his work.He _by me.See

6、sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改错: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work(5). 定语定语 Attributive (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothi

7、ng_.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympic

8、s 2008.（没有什么可担心的没有什么可担心的）a room to live inI came here .He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果表结果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto, tooto, only to, etc.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his

9、 own feet.1. 作主语作主语2. 作表语作表语3. 作宾语作宾语4. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5. 作定语作定语6. 作状语作状语在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式Tense and Voice （时态与语态） to be doing to have done to have been done - to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to

10、 have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /发生在它之后发生在它之后.).)( (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行) )( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等连用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要

11、接受邀请。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语主语)如何解决这个问题很重要如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.( (表语表语) )不定式与疑问词连用不定式与疑问词连用: (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teach

12、ing because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told 不定式作定语时，应放

13、在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：v(1)动宾关系动宾关系 vI have a lot of work to do. v(2)主谓关系主谓关系 vHe is always the first to come. v(3)同位关系同位关系vWe all have a chance to go to college.v1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. v2.I want to see yo

14、u.v3.I want him to see you. v4.My hope is to see you.v5.He is the man to see you.v6.Im glad to see you.v7.I went to see you.v8.He went so early as to see youv9. To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.v10. How to solve this problem is very important.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作

15、定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）独立成分独立成分和疑问词连用和疑问词连用Gerund一一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing二二. 时态和语态时态和语态主动语态被动语态ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving made(不作定语）不作定语）being madehaving been made(不作定语不作定语三三. 在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作定语作定语4. 作表语作表语Collecting information is very

16、important to business.1.作主语作主语:Seeing is believing. e.g. -What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match. Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. LosingKey : _DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappyv对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。vCrying over the spilt milk is no use.vIt

17、 is no use crying over the spilt milk.v类似的还有：vIt is no good doing sth.vIt is no use doing sth.I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作宾语作宾语: Vt. Prep.+doing下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语：vadmit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, imagine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, prac

18、tise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, cant help, 等。等。如:1） 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗? Would you mind my smoking here ? 2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴. The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3） Good news keeps coming. 下列下列V.+prep.通常用通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语,尤其注意介词尤其注意介词tove.g. insist on

19、, prevent from, depend on, feel like, be fond of, succeed in, be proud of, excuse for , apologize for, look forward to, object to , be used to, be opposed to, etc. Prep. 后通常用后通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语.ve.g. The boy stood still without _ (dare) to raise his head because of _ (break) a vase.daringhaving broken

20、3.作表语作表语vMy hobby is collecting stamps and fishing.vHis job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is fishing.动名词动名词现在分词现在分词4.作定语作定语:va walking stickvA swimming poolvA sleeping car区别区别The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表现在分词

21、修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态示该名词所处的状态Gerund的逻辑主语的逻辑主语:vTom insisted on coming to the party.vTom insisted on my coming to the party.v我几乎无法想象我几乎无法想象peter在五天内横渡大西洋在五天内横渡大西洋.vI can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.动名词表示被动意义:v在动词或词组need, want, require, be worth, deserve, etc. 后的动名词表示

22、被动意义:vYour composition needs improving.vYour composition needs to be improved.vThe book is worth reading a second time.vThe book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词Participle 分词分词-ing 分词分词-ed 分词分词 -ing分词分词(以以make为例为例 )-ed 分词分词主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般

23、式完成式完成式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 完成式完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mademadeXXX分词在句中承担的成分分词在句中承担的成分:v由于分词具有由于分词具有形容词性和副词性形容词性和副词性,在句在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和主语和宾语宾语. 成份类别主主语语宾语宾语定语定语表语表语补语补语状语状语现在分词 过去分词 1.作定语作定语-the sun which is rising-ing分词和分词和-ed分词修饰名词有分词修饰名词有前置位前置位&后置位后置位.1. the

24、 rising sun 2. He is a retired worker.-He is a worker who has already retired.e.g.v3. The problem bothering us is the lack of money.v4. These are goods imported from Japan. 前置位前置位:后置位后置位v- The problem (which is) bothering us is the lack of moneyWhats the difference between -ed and ing participle?-in

25、g分词表示分词表示“进行进行” -ed分词表示分词表示“完成完成”-ing分词表示分词表示“主动主动”-ed分词表示分词表示 “被动被动”主动主动进行进行被动被动完成完成在时态上在时态上:在语态上在语态上:- These are goods (which were) imported from Japan. Exercises : vThe _(work) people have played a great role in the activity. vI dont like _(can) food , I prefer something fresh . workingcannedv1.

26、站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。看上去很胆小。vThe girl_ by her mother looked very timid. v2. 最近到处最近到处在议论的话题在议论的话题都与都与2008年奥运会有关。年奥运会有关。v vThe topics _ everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008 .who was standingstandingbeing discussedwhich are being discussedWhats the difference?1. The topics

27、 being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008. to be discusseddiscussed进行进行完成完成将来将来2. The topics _(discuss) at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.3. The topics _ (discuss) at yesterdays meeting was about the Olympics 2008.巩固练习一巩固练习一v用所给动词的正确形式填空：v1)The

28、 man_ (question) in the police station now is a spyv2)A man_ (respect) others will be respectedv3)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference were foreigners.v4)The matter _(discuss) is very importantv5.被汽车撞伤的小孩被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。马上被送到了医院。 vThe boy was sent to the hospital immediately.v6.每天给我办公室送邮件

29、的人给我办公室送邮件的人是位退休工人是位退休工人.vThe man every day is a retired worker .injured by the cardelivering mails to my officevThe glass is broken.vThe food smells inviting .2.作表语作表语vWhat he said sounds_ (convince). vHe was _(interest) in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interes

30、t)convincinginterestedinteresting这道菜香味怡人。这道菜香味怡人。Please fill in the blank with the verb given：使信服v类似情况还有：surprising surprised, v exciting excited, v tiring tired , v disappointing disappointed, v encouraging encouraged ，v amazed amazing , v bored boring , v pleasing pleased, v astonishing astonished

31、. v-ed 分词分词vSb. + Link.v + -ed分词分词v-ing分词分词 vSth. + Link.v + -ing分词分词 人的感觉人的感觉事物本身的特点事物本身的特点巩固练习二巩固练习二v用所给动词的-ed 或ing形式填空：v1)The journey was quite_(tire)v2)The result of the exam made me _ (disappoint)v3)This was really an _moment(excite)v4)His _look suggested that he didnt understand it(puzzle)v5)H

32、e seemed quite _at the idea. (delight)v6)The present situation is _(encourage)vThey caught him cheating in the mid-term examinationvHe was caught cheating in the mid-term vexamination.vYou cant leave the workshop with the machine running.3.作补语作补语1.宾语补足语宾语补足语2.主语补足语主语补足语3.介词宾语补足语介词宾语补足语vFill in the b

33、lank:v1.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly _.(clean)v2.Last night I saw him _(play) the violin with his eyes _(shut).“被动被动”“主动主动”More exercisescleanedplayingshut“被动被动”vI heard my sister _ that song in English outside. (sing) They once heard the song _ in English. Mother heard her kid _ the

34、 door . vMother heard the door _. (open)vWith the test _(finish), we began to analyze the result.vWe _ during our last meeting.我们留下了很多问题没解决.vWould you please speak louder so as to _? A. make you hear B. make yourself hear C. make you heard D. make yourself heardleft a lot of problems unsolvedDsingin

35、gsungopeningopened巩固练习三巩固练习三finished分词作状语，分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的等。一般说来，这一结构的逻逻辑主语辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语,而句子本身可与而句子本身可与状语状语从句从句等句型转换。等句型转换。4.作状语作状语v1.When we heard the news, we jumped with joy. v= Hearing the news ,we jumped with joy.v2

36、.When it is heated, the metal expands.v Heated, the metal expands.v3.Because he didnt know how to do it, he went to his father for help.v= Not knowing how to do it, he went to his father for help. v4.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.v= Deeply moved by the story, the children bega

37、n to cry. “主动主动”“被动被动”表示表示时间时间表示表示原因原因=v5. _(look) out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach.v= If you look out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach. v6._ (keep) in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.v =If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.表示表示条件条件Looking Kept v7. The children rushed out, shoutin