大学英语四级提纲式作文写作

1、 Directions: In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled Should people own cars or not? Your composition should be based on the outline given below. Your composition should be at least 120 words. Outline: 1、有人赞成个人买车。 2、也有人持相反观点。 3、你的看法。 Should People Own Cars or Not? Should People

2、 own Cars or not? Now having a car is more and more popular, so many familys want to buy a car. They think its useful. Some youngs think its cool, and many people think its convenent when they have a private car. They dont need to wait the crowded bus/so they can go to work on time. Its save the tim

3、e. And they also can drive the car go wherever they want to . A family can have a travel togethter. Its comfortable. In a word, they can improve the quality of their life with a car. Especially the increasing of private car can promote the economic. It can lead the development of many industries. It

4、s good for our countrys developing.作文评分原则及标准作文评分原则及标准14分分 漂漂亮亮：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连漂漂亮亮：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，连贯性好，基本上语言贯，连贯性好，基本上语言无误无误。11分分清清楚楚：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连清清楚楚：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有贯，但有少量语言错误少量语言错误。8分分马马虎虎：基本切题，有些地方表达思想马马虎虎：基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，相当多，其中一些是严重错误其中一些是严重错误。5分分糊里糊涂：基本切题，表达思想不

5、清楚，糊里糊涂：基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有连贯性差，有较多的严重语法错误较多的严重语法错误。2分分一塌糊涂：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支一塌糊涂：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，或大部分句子离破碎，或大部分句子都有错误，且多数为严都有错误，且多数为严重错误重错误。 Praise, An Important Gift Some people think that critism can change ones view of life. However, many people argue that praise is more important. In my opinion, p

6、raise is more profitable than critism. Praise is like fresh air, without it, our life will become uninteresting and inhappy. Giving praise does not cost the giver a lot, but, the receiver can learn much. There are many people who succeed at last with a praise, Take myself for example. Though it happ

7、ened a long time ago, I remember it clearly. It was a sports meeting and I attend it. At first, I was very confident and thought I was the best of them, so I had no training. The truth was, during the race, many students left me behind. Then I want to give up and was frustrated. Fortunately, my PE t

8、eacher came and patted on my back:” As long as you stick to continue, success will belong to you. I believe you, come on!” He said with a smile. You know, I improved dramatically and won the prize. So, praise is an important gift.试评分！写作对策写作对策 内容是否紧扣主题，涵盖提示要点内容是否紧扣主题，涵盖提示要点 作文结构层次是否清晰作文结构层次是否清晰 语言表达是

9、否流畅，有无重大语病，有无逻语言表达是否流畅，有无重大语病，有无逻辑错误辑错误 是否能恰当的使用过渡性词语是否能恰当的使用过渡性词语 作文字数是否达到要求作文字数是否达到要求 卷面是否整洁，书写是否漂亮卷面是否整洁，书写是否漂亮写作体裁 议论文议论文 说明文说明文 记叙文记叙文议论文开头开头常用句式 Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern. has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It has brought a lot of bene

10、fits but has created some serious problems as well. Nowadays, has become a problem we have to face. It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that Many people insist that With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that A lot of people seem to think that 议

11、论文结尾结尾常用句式 Taking all these factors into consideration, we finally come to the conclusion that Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that Hence / Therefore, wed better arrive at the conclusion that There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as we

12、ll as merits. All in all, we cannot live withoutBut at the same time, we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 写作类型写作类型 原因类原因类 （现象解释型）（现象解释型） 观点类对立观点观点类对立观点 （对比选择型）（对比选择型） 办法类办法类 （问题解决型）（问题解决型） 提问类提问类 （视情况而定）（视情况而定） 观点类事物性质观点类事物性质 利弊类利弊类 批驳类批驳类观点论证类观点论证类各种类型的写作方法各

13、种类型的写作方法 现象解释型现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进(限制)这种现象的进一步发展。 对比选择型对比选择型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由;阐述第二种(相对或相反的)观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由;表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。 问题解决型问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。 观点论证型观点论证型：基本方法为：分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论(证明观点的正确性)。三段式作文的结构安排三段式作文的结构安排表明对立表明对立的双方观的双方观点点表明个人态度表明个人态度及理由及理由总结重申自己的

14、立总结重申自己的立场，联系现实，展场，联系现实，展望未来。望未来。号召行动。号召行动。以事实论证，举例论以事实论证，举例论证，因果论证，反面证，因果论证，反面论证等方式进行论证论证等方式进行论证总结重申自己的立总结重申自己的立场，联系现实，展场，联系现实，展望未来。望未来。表达个人观点 In my opinion From my point of view As far as I am concerned, As for me, I cannot entirely agree with the idea that Personally, I am standing on the side of

15、 Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why I sincerely believe that 论点：反面论证反面论证举例论证举例论证事实论证事实论证 因果论证因果论证论 证方 法举例论证举例论证： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration I can think of no better illustration of this point than . It can manifest itself best in It

16、 is not necessary to cite all the examples of this point, but suffice it to mention A good case in point is.事实论证： No one can deny the fact that There is no denying the fact that. It is universally acknowledged that It is obvious/ evident that It is common saying that As we all know,.As is shown in a

17、 recent survey,.According to a recent survey,. The following reasons may be responsible for. There are two main reasons accounting for the phenomenon. 除了下面两个原因，没有更好的了。除了下面两个原因，没有更好的了。 I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two. Several factors, both individual a

18、nd social, could account for the negative phenomenon. Obviously, a variety of complicated factors contribute to the phenomenon, with the following one being the foremost. 很明显，有很多复杂的原因导致这个现象的发生，很明显，有很多复杂的原因导致这个现象的发生，而下面的是最有代表性的。而下面的是最有代表性的。17原因论证常用过渡句原因论证常用过渡句 Why did? For one thingFor another Perhap

19、s the primary reason is I quite agree with the statement thatThe reasons are chiefly as follows. 原因论证常用过渡句原因论证常用过渡句 As a result Therefore, . ., which has brought about./ which will contribute to.19结果论证常用过渡句：结果论证常用过渡句： 反面论证（1句）：要是没有的话，我们就不会取得一个 一个伟大的成就2. 没能做到.的人必将在处事中出于不利的位置原因类Harmfulness of Fake Com

20、modities1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这。为什么会有这种现象种现象? 2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。社会等的危害。 Nowadays a lot of fake commodities flood into the market and do great harm to the consumers and the whole society. Why are there so many fake commodities? The first reas

21、on, in my mind, is that some people dream of earning a large sum of money easily and quickly. Furthermore, the general social atmosphere is somewhat unhealthy-many people attach great importance to money instead of honesty. Last but not least, some government officials are not doing their jobs. Harm

22、fulness of Fake Commodities The harmfulness of fake commodities has become more than obvious at the moment. First of all, The consumers are the direct victims, they spend money buying unqualified and even useless products. In the second place, the authentic producers also suffer great loss. Thirdly,

23、 fake commodities may even be dangerous sometimes, such as fake food and medicine, which are a threat to peoples health. Consequently, it is high time that we made great efforts to put an end to fake commodities.观点类对立观点 My View on Opportunity1 有的人认为机会是极少的，另一些人则有的人认为机会是极少的，另一些人则认为人人都会有某种机会。认为人人都会有某种机

24、会。2 我的看法我的看法3 结论结论My View on Opportunity When it comes to opportunity, peoples opinions differ. Some people think that there are few opportunities in the world, while others argue that everybody will have some kind of opportunity along his life route. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latte

25、r opinion. For one thing, I firmly believe opportunities are everywhere around us. No person will be unlucky enough to have no opportunities all the time, because every dog has his day”. For another, since opportunities are transient, we have to make good preparations and improve ourselves. Just thi

26、nk of Newton, who discovered the Law of Gravitation when many people had watched an apple falling ahead of them. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw the conclusion that there are quite a few opportunities around us. Only if we get prepared can we seize the opportunities instea

27、d of letting them slip by, just as an old saying goes, opportunities are only for the prepared minds”.办法类(个人问题)How to Succeed in a Job Interview 1 面试在求职过程中的作用面试在求职过程中的作用2 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是How to Succeed in a Job Interview A job interview is vital to t

28、he job-hunting process in that if you are successful in it, you stand a good chance of final obtaining the ideal job. Then how can we succeed in job interview? In the first place, you should dress and behave properly in order to leave a good first impression on the interviewer. In the second place,

29、when it comes to talking, you should speak of your expertise and special abilities clearly and honestly. Whats more, self-confidence is also an important factor, telling the interviewer that you will face the challenge whenever you encounter difficulties. You will succeed in a job interview as long

30、as you put the above principles into practice. As a result, you will probably obtain the job you have been dreaming of. 提问类Should College Marriage be permitted?1 关于是否允许大学生结婚的讨论在校园里关于是否允许大学生结婚的讨论在校园里兴起。兴起。2 我对这一现象的看法。我对这一现象的看法。 A national debate has sprung up on whether college marriage should be per

31、mitted. Many people strongly oppose the permission of college marriage. They hold that the chief task for college students is to study, and marriage will distract their attention and occupy a lot of time. Moreover, students are not economically independent, so marriage will cause a lot of problems s

32、uch as future job hunting and housing. In a word, they believe marriage will largely hinder both present study and future work. From my perspective, I think college marriage should be permitted but be practiced with extreme care. For one thing, the right of college students should be respected, as t

33、hey are adults. For another, the restriction on the age of students was done away with in 2001, and many elder students attend universities. Last but not the least, the time in college is so precious that every student will think twice before they get married. Undoubtedly, few students will ever get

34、 married after college marriage is permitted, but the authority should grant them the right.Should College Marriage be permitted?观点类事物性质 My View on Double BA Degree 1 现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见 2 我对这一现象的看法我对这一现象的看法My View on Double BA Degree Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college

35、 students to have two majors at the same time. In this way, they can get double BA degrees when they graduate from the university several years later. Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole. To begin with, most students

36、 will become more hardworking and efficient in order to finish the learning tasks satisfactorily. Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market full of fierce competition. In the third place, as for todays university students, tuition and fees

37、 are becoming more and more expensive. If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem. Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding. This system not

38、 only compels students to work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition. 认为，主张认为，主张argue, maintain, hold, believe考虑考虑takeinto consideration, consider, think over, reflect on认为，思考，考虑认为，思考，考虑think下结论，断定下结论，断定come to the conclusion, arrive at the conclusion, conclude, decide, assert断定断定j

39、udge获得获得acquire, obtain, attain, reap赢得，取得赢得，取得earn, gain得到得到get支持，赞成支持，赞成approve of, in favor of, stand by ones side, agree with, 提倡提倡advocate, recommend支持支持support利弊子类The Golden Week1 黄金周给大学生带来的好处黄金周给大学生带来的好处2 黄金周给大学生带来的弊端黄金周给大学生带来的弊端3 我应当怎样过好黄金周我应当怎样过好黄金周The Golden Week The golden weekNational Da

40、y holidayhas brought a lot of benefits to college students ever since the beginning. First, it gives students time to take a rest after months of hard work. Second, they can conduct social activities to combine book knowledge with practice. Third, they can also use this precious week to make progres

41、s in study or carry out specialized research. Though it does good to college students in many ways, the golden week can never to be said to bring no problems. For one thing, many students eat and sleep too much during the vacation, which are harmful to their health. For another, quite a few students

42、 spend too much time playing video games or going sightseeing. How can they make progress in their study if they do not cherish time at all? In order to make good use of the golden week, I form the habit of making a concrete plan before it comes. On the one hand, I always set aside enough time for r

43、eviewing lessons and reading relevant literature. On the other hand, I usually go to watch a movie and listen to a concert at the Grand Opera. By carefully planning my time, I am confident to spend a meaningful golden week.反对反对oppose, object to抵制抵制resist反对反对say no to意义深远的意义深远的far-reaching, profound,

44、 significant重要的重要的important充分运用充分运用optimize, make best / full use of, 使用使用employ, utilize使用使用use好处，优点好处，优点advantage, merit, benefit坏处，缺点坏处，缺点disadvantage, defect, flaw, drawback, deficiency好处好处good side重要的，有重要的，有 决定性的决定性的vital, crucial, critical, decisive应用应用apply坏处坏处bad side批驳类My View on Teenagers

45、Studying Abroad1 现在有很多青少年出国留学现在有很多青少年出国留学2 有些人认为这种做法是有益的有些人认为这种做法是有益的3 我认为这种观点是不对的我认为这种观点是不对的My View on Teenagers Studying Abroad Recently it seems that among the students who choose to study abroad, there are more and more teenagers who study in high schools or even elementary schools. Many people,

46、 especially the parents, think it will certainly do good to their children because the independent life will make them learn confidence and perseverance. Moreover, the quality of overseas education is often higher, thus the child stands a better chance of entering a better university and getting a b

47、etter job in the future. After careful consideration, I have to say the above view is more than biased. On the one hand, early independent life is not necessarily good, if the child cannot receive proper guidance and tender care from both teachers and parents. On the other hand, the educational qual

48、ity is also a question too many foreign schools aim at earning money. When the children come back, who can guarantee that they can adapt to the fierce competition here? We can see clearly that although teenagers studying abroad may bring favorable results, there are still a lot to worry about. It se

49、ems necessary for young students to make a careful investigation before going abroad.把把看做，当做看做，当做regard as, consider as, look onas, treatas, viewas把把看做，当做看做，当做seeas全面的，彻底的全面的，彻底的utter, thorough完全的完全的complete起作用起作用解释解释难以置信的，难以置信的，惊人的惊人的play a role, perform, function, serve, play a part解释解释explainacco

50、unt for, illustrate, clarifyfantastic, incredible, unbelievable, exceptional, extraordinary, marvelous, amazing, astonishing起作用起作用work惊人的，极好的惊人的，极好的great, surprising勤奋的，勤勉的勤奋的，勤勉的diligent, industrious勤奋的勤奋的hardworking认真的，谨慎的认真的，谨慎的conscientious, cautious认真的认真的careful, serious冷静的，清醒地冷静的，清醒地sober, rea

51、sonable, sensible, rational聪明的聪明的bright, intelligent, wise, brilliant平静的平静的calm适应适应be adapted to, be accustomed to, be adjusted to集中精力于集中精力于focus on, center on, concentrate on聪明的聪明的clever适应适应be used to专心于专心于set ones mind on注意注意Pay ones attention to常用句式和常用表达 列举：for one thing, for another, finally, be

52、sides, moreover, oneanother, still another, first, second, then, also, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important 举例：for example, for instance, one example is, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, a case in point,

53、that is, incidentally, as an illustration, such as, in fact, in general, in particular, to illustrate, namely 定义：refer to, call, mean 比较a.相似的比较：likewise, in comparison, similarly, in the same mannerb.相反的比较：on the other hand, conversely, on the contrary, whereas, , instead, in contrast, nevertheless,

54、 compared with 表示时间：later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meanwhile / meantime, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, after

55、a while, now 表示方位和顺序：before, behind, below, beneath, between, here, there, where, beyond, nearby, under, above, over, on the right (left), in (the) front of, at the back of, in the middle of, at the bottom of, opposite to, next to 表示概要和结论：in a word, in short, in brief, to sum up, on the whole, by an

56、d large, all in all, so far, therefore, thus, in summary, in conclusion, to conclude, to summarize, to end with 列出解决办法的常用句式列出解决办法的常用句式 Here are some suggestions for handling that The best way to solve the trouble is People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 提出建议的常用句式 It is high time t

57、hat we put an end to the (trend). It is time to take the advice ofand to put special emphasis on the improvement of There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of Obviously, if we want to do sth, it is essential that Only in this way can we It must be realized that 用于驳斥的语句用于驳斥的

58、语句 1. Although a lot of people believe that ., I am doubtful whether the argument bears 2. As opposed to widely held ideas, I hold that . 3. Although the popular is that ., (a) current indicates that . 4. They may be right about ., but they seem to ignore the fact that . 5. Although it is widely acc

59、epted that ., it is unlikely to be true that . 6. It is true that ., but that . 7. There is/are reason(s) for us to believe that . 8. What these people fail to see is that . 9. It is one thing to believe that ., but it is quite another to say that . 批驳错误观点和做法 常用句式 As far as sth is concerned, It was

60、obvious that It may be true that, but it doesnt mean that It is natural to believe that, but we shouldnt ignore that There is no evidence to suggest that如何写好英语说明文？ 审题 （what, to whom, how, etc.） 开好头 写好主题句 注意行文的统一性和连贯性 注意说明方法的选择（eg.: 举例法、过程分析法、分类法、因果分析法、比较法、细节法，etc.） 注意说明顺序 （eg.: 空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序、认识顺序，e