跨文化交际课前习题答案

1、Unit Two Culture ShockI .Fill in blanksa. In a formal western meal, yOU re offered a second helping but you have already had enough. You should sa y” . That was delicious but I ? ve already had plenty, thanks.b. Taboos are words, expressions, etc. that are considered as beingor. unpleasant, disgusti

2、ng c.is a culture that scores high on individualism. Individual cultured. Social distance refers to the degree of or between two cultures. similarity, dissimilarity e. Because of their, individualists give l ittle thought to the of others. But collectivists care very much whatothers in their groups

3、think and do not like to be the targets of and. independence, evaluations, scrutiny, criticis m. Key Termsa. culture shockb. collectivist culturec. hospitalityd. politenesse. privacy在一个正式的西餐，你？再提供一次帮助但你已经有足够的。你应该说“。那是美味的但我？已经有很多，谢谢。B.禁忌词，表达，等，被视为或。不愉快的，令人厌恶的C.是一种文化，分数高的个人主义。个体文化D.社会距离指的是 或程度在两种文化之间。

4、相似性，相异性 E.因为他们,个人主义者不在乎别人的 。但集体主义者非常关心他们小 组中其他人怎么想，不喜欢被 f口 目标。独立性，评估，审查，批评H。关键术语A.文化冲击B.集体主义文化C.酒店D.礼貌E.隐私田.Short Answera. What are the five basic themes in individualist culture?b. Why is there a lack of concern at public displays of physical or sexual inti macy?c. Whatis the difference on tendency

5、 for foreigners to treat strangers betwee n Individualism and Collectivism Theories?mo简短的回答在个人主义文化的五个基本主题是什么？B为什么在身体或性亲密公共显示缺乏关注？C.是外国人对待个人主义和集体主义倾向的不同理论之间的陌生人？IV. Case study(1) Analyze the case and try to find the misunderstanding between the girl a nd the westerner.A westerner invited a Chinese gi

6、rl to have lunch and take a tour around the British Parliament. In fact, the girl didnt have the lunch just because when t he westerner asked her Are you hungry? The girl answered no. Then they didnt have lunch together .(2) Can you find some differences in hospitality between a Chinese and Engl ish

7、? What are the reasons?An English guest: Each time a new dish arrived his parents would lean over and load my plate with tasty morsels. As they had taken all the trouble to co ok it I just had to polish it off. As soon as my plate was empty they would p ut more on. Of course, I felt duty-bound to ea

8、r that too.A Chinese guest: Can you imagine how many dishes I had? One one - a ste w with meat and vegetables. The meat was over done and too hard to eat; gr een vegetables were no longer green. They never put food on your plate but just ask you to help yourself. If you, as a guest, are shy or modes

9、t, waiting fo r the food to be put on your plate, you will remain half-starved.IV。案例研究(1)的案例分析，试图找到女孩与西方人之间的误解。一个西方人邀请一个中国女孩吃午餐，环游英国议会。事实上，女孩没有午餐， 因为当西方人问她“你饿了吗？”女孩回答，那他们不一起吃午饭0(2)你能找到一个英语和汉语之间的一些差异在酒店？的原因是什么？一位英国客人：每次一道新菜到他的父母会过来载我的板的美味佳肴。他们把所 有的麻烦把我刚刚擦亮它。一旦我的盘子是空的他们会把更多的。 当然，我觉得 有义务的耳朵太。中国客人：你能想象我

10、有多少道菜？ 一一一一一个有肉和蔬菜炖。这肉熟透，太硬吃绿色蔬菜不再绿。他们从不把盘子里的食物只是问你帮助你自己。如果你， 作为一个客人，害羞和谦虚，等待食物被放在你的盘子上，你仍会饿死。Key to Unit TwoI .Fill in blanksa. That was delicious but?I ve already had plenty, thanks. b. unpleasant, dis gusting c. Individual culture d. similarity, dissimilaritye. independence, evaluations, scrutiny

11、, criticismH .Key Termsa. culture shock: It is a psychological phenomenon that is experienced most often by those who, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, in the process of a djusting themselves to a new culture.b. collectivist culture: It is a culture that places little value on individual ident

12、ity and great value on group identity.c. hospitality: It means cordial and generous reception of or disposition tow ard guests. d. politeness: It refers to consideration for others, tact, and obser vance of accepted social usage.e. privacy: It could be understood as the right of an individual to sel

13、f-determ ination as to the degree to which the individual is willing to share with other s information about himself that may be compromised byunauthorized exch ange of such information among other individuals or organizations.关键的第二单元i填空这很好吃，但我？已经有很多，谢谢。B.不愉快的，令人厌恶的C.个体文化D. 相似，不同的E.独立性，评估，审查，批评II关键术

14、语A.文化冲击：它是一种心理现象，是经历了最经常被那些，无论是自觉或不自觉 地，在适应新文化的过程。B.集体主义文化：这是一个地方的个人身份和大的群体认同的价值文化价值点。C.酒店：这意味着向客人亲切大方的接待或安排。D.礼貌：它是指为他人考虑，机智，和遵守被接受的社会规范。E.隐私：可以理解为一种个人自决权以何种程度的个人愿意与他人分享自己的信 息，可能会受到影响byunauthorized交换这种在其他人或组织间的信息。田.Short Answera. 1) There is a tendency for foreigners to treat strangers as equals, s

15、een in th e politeness with which foreigners treat out-group members and their willing ness to follow public rules and laws that guarantee the rights of all. 2 ) There is a desire for independence and separateness, found in foreigners needs fo r their own privacy and autonomy and in the freedom they

16、 give to children.3) There is a lack of inhibition on the part of foreigners in terms of expressi ve behaviors, seen in their lack of concern about drawing attention to thems elves and their willingness to disclose feelings and emotions. 4) There is a lac k of understanding if the reciprocal bonds a

17、nd duties that regulate in-group members, found in foreigners casual attitudes towards hospitality. 5) There i s a lack of concern at public displays of physical or sexual intimacy.b. The reason might be that even the freedom with which foreigners express love and sexual desire can be seen as a valo

18、rization of the individuals pursu it of personal pleasure and happiness. That this is offensive to attention fro m the group and focuses it on individual needs.c. Individualists tend to believe in equality; their communication norms stres s equal treatment of subordinate and superior, friend and str

19、anger. In contra st, collectivist? communication norms often stress deference; a clear dema rcation is made between ones treatment of those above and below one in the social hierarchy. Clearly, to a collectivist, the way individualists treat stra ngers will seem unusual and unnecessarily polite.田短的回

20、答答：1)有一个外国人对待陌生人是平等的趋势，看到在礼貌与外国人治疗组成员，他们愿意遵守公共规则和法律，保障所有人的权利。2)有一个独立和分开的欲望，发现在外国人的需要为自己的隐私权和自治权，他们给孩子自由。3)有对外国人的部分表现行为缺乏抑制，在他们注意他们自己和他们的意愿披露的感受和情绪的缺乏关注，见。4）有一个缺乏了解如果互惠债券和调节组成员的 职责，发现在外国人的休闲态度款待。5）在身体或性亲密公共显示缺乏关心。这个原因可能是，即使与外国人自由表达爱和性的欲望可以被看作是一个稳定的 个人的追求个人的快乐和幸福。这是进攻，团体的注意和关注个人的需要。C.个人主义者倾向于相信平等；他们的交

21、际规范应力隶属和优越的待遇平等,期友和陌生人。相反，集体主义？通信规范常应力差；明确划分是一？的上述处理 下一个在社会阶层之间的。显然，一个集体主义，个人主义者对待陌生人会显得 不寻常的和不必要的礼貌的方式。IV .Case studya. The mistake is that the westerner used his question as an invitation. The gi rl understood it only as a question. According to the Chinese tradition, the man should have invited h

22、er to lunch since their appointment was to have lu nch first.b. Yes. The Chinese student felt disappointed at British hospitality because s he used the Chinese way of showing hospitality to judge the British one. In t he story taking place in China, the westerner couldnt imagine that there sho uld b

23、e sixteen dishes prepared for her. When she ate from the eight cold dis hes, she couldnt eat anymore. It is because a Western meal normally severs one main course plus a starter and sweets or desserts. The fact is that differe nt people in the world show their different hospitality in different ways

24、A.错误是西方人用他的问题作为一个邀请。 女孩明白这只是一个问题。根据中国 的传统，男人应该邀请她共进午餐，因为他们的任命是先吃午饭。B是的。中国学生感到失望因为她用英国殷勤待客的判断，英国一个中国人的方式。在这个故事发生在中国，西方人无法想象应该有十六道菜为她准备的。 当她 吃了八个凉菜，她不能吃了。这是因为西餐通常会一道主菜加起动器、 糖果或甜 点。事实上，在世界的不同的人以不同的方式表现出不同的酒店跨文化交际期末考试复习题Define the following items:1. culturewhat the behavior and customs mean to the peopl

25、e who are following them2. communication : give or exchange information or ideas.3. intercultural communication:communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol syst ems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.4. high-context culture:a culture in which meaning is not n

26、ecessarily contained in words. Information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence.5. low-context culture:a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit co编辑版wordde.6. relationship between culture and language：Culture influences language by way

27、of symbols and rules for using those sy mbols, as well as our perceptions of the universe (the meaning associated wi th the symbols).Language, on the other hand, would seem to have a major i mpact on the way an individual perceives and conceptualizes the world.7. verbal communication：communication d

28、one both orally and in written language 8. analytical thinki ng patterns (inductive)：analyze and dissect things into elements in order to understand them proper ly.The emphasis is upon the parts rather than the whole of things.9. synthetic thinking patterns (deductive： ) synthesize elements into a u

29、nit, with the emphasis on the“ whole” .10. nonverbal communication：involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that is generated b y both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potenti al message value for the source or receiver.11. body language：refers to all no

30、nverbal codes which are associated with body movements.It i ncludes gestures, head movements, facial expressions, eye behaviors, postur es and other displays that can be used to communicate.12. monochronic time (M Time)：It schedules one event at a time. In these cultures time is perceived as a linea

31、 r structure just like a ribbon stretching from the past into the future.13. polychronic time (P Time)：schedules several activities at the same time. In these culture people emphasi ze the involvement of people more than schedules. They do not see appoint ments as ironclad commitments and often brea

32、k them.14. ethnocentrism ： the view of things in which one s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated w ith reference to it.15. stereotypes：a form of generalization about some group of people, or a means of organizi ng images into fixed and simple categories that ar

33、e used to stand for the enti re collection of people.16. prejudice：It refers to negative attitudes towards other people that are based on faulty a nd inflexible stereotypes. It is an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude toward s another group of people.17. discrimination：It refers to the behaviora

34、l manifestations of the prejudice, it can be thoughtof as prejudice“ in action” .18. racism：The belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability an 编辑版 wordd that a particular race is superior to others.19. culture shockTroublesome feelings such as depression, loneliness, conf

35、usion, inadequacy, hostility, frustration, and tension, caused by the loss of familiar cues from th e home culture.20. acculturation:It is culture change that results from continuous firsthand contact between t wo distinct cultural groups1。文化：什么行为和习俗意味着那些跟随他们2。通信：给予或交换信息或思想。3。跨文化交际：人的文化观念和符号系统的不同足以改

36、变交际事件之间的通信。4。高语境文化：一个文化中的意义是不一定包含在的话。信息是通过手势，使 用空间，甚至沉默。5。低语境文化：文化中的大部分信息是归属于显式代码。6。文化与语言的关系：文化的方式使用这些符号的符号和规则对语言的影响， 以及我们对宇宙的看法（与符号相关联的意思）。语言，另一方面，似乎有一个 人的方式感知和概念化世界的重大影响。7。言语沟通：沟通做口头和书面语言8。分析思维模式（感应）：分析解剖事物的元素，以了解它们。重点是在部分而不是整个事情。9。综合思维模式（演绎）：合成元素到一个单位，在“整体”的重点 10。非语言交际是交际环境中是由源和他或她的使用环境和具有的源或接收器的

37、 潜在信息价值生成的所有非言语刺激。11。身体语言：是指所有的非语言符号，与身体的运动有关。它包括手势，头部 的动作，面部表情，眼神，姿势和其它的显示，可以用来沟通。12。单一时间（时间）：这一事件在一个时间安排。在这些文化中，时间被看作 是一个线性结构就像一个彩带从过去到未来。1&多元时间（P时间）：安排一些活动的同时。在这些文化强调人的参与的人 甚于时间表。他们不知道约会那样经常打破他们的承诺。14民族：东西在自己的团体是一切的中心观点， 和所有其他的缩放和参考评分15刻板印象：一种对某些人群推广，或组织图像转换成固定的和简单的类，用 来代表人的整个集合的一种手段。1&偏见：它指的是消极的

38、态度对待其他人是基于错误的和不灵活的刻板印象。这是一个不公平的，有偏见的，或对另一组人不宽容的态度。17。歧视：它指的是歧视的行为表现，可以认为它是“行动”的偏见。18。种族主义：相信种族占人的性格或能力，一个特定的种族优于其他种族差异19。文化冲击：麻烦的感情如抑郁，孤独，困惑，不足，敌意，挫折，和张力，从家居文化的熟悉的线索引起的损失20。文化适应：它是文化的转变，从两个不同的文化群体之间的直接接触，连续结果参考答案Part I. Multiple Choice1-5 BBACB 6-10 BCBAA 11-15 ACCAB 16-20 ACABC 21-25 AADAA 26-30 AB

39、CDA Part II. True or False.1-5: FTFTT 6-10: .FTTFFPart III. Terms1 . Intercultural communication refers to communication between people wh ose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event2 . Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beli

40、efs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.3 .Communication is the perception of verbal (worded) and nonverbal (with out words) behaviors and the assignment of meaning to them4 .Uncertainty avoidance measures how much ambiguity people will endure a nd how much risk they like to take Or It deals with societytolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers tm an s search for tr