高中英语宾语从句Word版

1、高中英语语法知识（4）宾语从句(The Object Clause)在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。一、宾语从句三姊妹（即：引导词 that，if/whether，wh-/how）1.由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，用于很多动词后。如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是笔语中。I told him

2、 that he was wrong.We knew（that）we should learn from each other.2.由连词if、whether 引导的表示“是否”的宾语从句。Whether, if 在从句中不做句子成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.3.由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,和连接副词wh

3、en, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中既有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)I dont know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？（how做方式状语）二、宾语从句三关1. 引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如

4、果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.3. 时态关1).当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响,可根据实际情况而定。I have heard（that）he will come back next week.2).当主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应

5、的过去的时态。He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.He asked me if I was reading the story “The Old Man and the Sea” when he came in.He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the strike.3).当从句表示的是一个客观真理,自

6、然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。He said that light travels much faster than sound.The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.三、可以接宾语从句的几种情况：1.动词的宾语从句：1).大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.He told us that they would help us though th

7、e whole work.2).部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?3).动词短语也可以带宾语从句。常见的这些词有：make sure确保， make up ones mind，下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you

8、 turn them in.4).可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. We all find it important that

9、 we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. 有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it。这类动词主要有:hate, like, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they speak with their mouths full of food.He will have it that our plan is really practical.We take it that you will agree with us.When leaving the classroom, plea

10、se see to it that all the lights are turned out.若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.2.介词的宾语从句1）用wh-类的介词宾语从句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaces

11、hip was sent up into space.2）用that引导的介词宾语从句：有时候except, but, besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work in a company.3、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised 等。I am sure I will pass the exam.I am

12、 sorry that I have troubled you so long.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.五、if , whether在宾语从句中的区别1. if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder, find out等之后,介词后一般不用if。 This depends upon whether we are determined to do it.It depends on whether he is ready. I am not int

13、erested in whether you'll come or not.2. 少数动词,如: discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.We were discussing whether we should discuss the business with them. 3. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.4. 在不定式前只能用whether.I cant decide whether to stay. She doesn

14、9;t knows whether to get married now or wait.六、宾语从句的否定前移主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect,等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I dont think he will come to my party. 而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?I do

15、n't believe they have finished their work yet, have they?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?七、运用虚拟语气的情况在表示：1.建议 suggest , advise, propose ; 2.要求demand 、desire、require、request ； 3.决定 decide; 4.命令 order、command; 5.坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟

16、宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气） I suggested that you（should）study hard He ordered that we (should) go out at once 八、宾语从句中that不可省略的情况宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略： 1. 当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。 I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better2. 当it作形式宾语时。 She made it clear that

17、 she had nothing to do with him C当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe 九、两副面孔if和when既能引导状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。If it rains tomorrow，I wont come.（时间状语从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）十、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing

18、形式。She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，

19、宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can you tell me how to get to the station？十一、巩固练习1.将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句：1).These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2). Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me

20、 _ light _ faster than sound.3).There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4). What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.5).Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6). Do they want fried chi

21、cken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.7).What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.8).Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 9).When will they go to Beijing? I want to know.I want t

22、o know _ _ _ _ _ Beijing.10). When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _.2.选择填空:( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. th

23、at the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the bo

24、y had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )6. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our English.A. why

25、 B. when C. how D. where( )7. - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said, David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if( )8. - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _.A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what,

26、where( )9. There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose( )10. Did you find out _? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is loo

27、king for D. whose child she was looking for( )11. Are you interested in _?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it( )12. I dont know _. Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players

28、 are( )13. - What did the scientist say?- He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly( )14. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _?A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the neare

29、st bank is where( )15.She asked Tom _ with his car?A. what the matter was B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what is the matter( )16. Its 7:30. I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally.A. havent started B. didnt C. dont start D. hadnt started( )17. The teacher told us yesterday that

30、 December 25 _ Christmas Day.A. will be B. was C. has been D. is ( )18. The teacher said that the earth _round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go( )19. We d like to tell you that you _the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass( )20.- “Could you tell me_?” -“ Yes. They _ to

31、 the library.”A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, have gone D. where the twins were, have gone( )21. Our father said that he _ a new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys( )22. I hear that he _to Beijing yesterday.A

32、. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone( )23. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( )24. The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are( )25 She asked Linda if_ go and get some water for her. A. coul

33、d she B. she could C. she can D. she may( )26. I hardly understand _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who( )27. She didn't know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be D. if he will come( )28.I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whe

34、ther B where C. what D. when( )29. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how( )30. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose( )31. Please tell me _ last year. A. where does your sister work B. where did your sister work C where your sister works D. where your sister worked( )32. She asked me if I knew _ A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( )33. Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he i