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1、云南省大理州宾川县第四高级中学高中英语教学论文 名词从句论文摘要:在英语从句的学习中,对从句引导词的选择既是重点也是难点。首先,要准确判断是何种从句,然后再分析从句中缺什么,以此来决定引导词的选择。笔者的做法是:先一刀两断,再分析句子成分。(即先找出主句与从句的分开点,再分析从句中缺什么成分,再根据句意选择引导词)下面,我就名词性从句中引导词的选择使用作简略介绍,以供大家共同探讨。关键词:名词性从句 引导词名词从句(Noun Clauses)在高中英语语法学习中是非常重要的,它在句子中起名词作用。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介
2、词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 1名词从句的主要类型:宾语从句:名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。例如: I dont know where he will go. 主语从句:作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;
3、连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如: Where he will go is unknown. 。表语从句:在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句例如: The problem is how we can get so much money.同位语从句:同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导.例如: We all feel so
4、rry about the news that he failed in the game. 2.学习名词从句要加以注意的几点2.1 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意,(即引导宾语从句时if和whether 可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用whether(不用if)引导: (1) 引导主语从句,且在句首时。例:Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis). (2) 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he
5、 can get a job. (3) 引导同位语从句时。例:I have no idea whether he will come. (4) 介词后的whether从句。例:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 2.2 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。 例如:That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us. 2.3 It is suggested / proposed /ordered/ a pity/ no wonder/necessary/stran
6、ge/ that从句”结构中,that从谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。 例如:It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us. It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one?s life. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings(缺点). 2.4 在“The reason whyis that”句式中that不要误为because
7、. 例如:The reason why he didn?t go to school yesterday is that he was ill. 2.5名词从句中that,what用法比较: 引导名词从句的that是连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而what是连接代词,whatthe thing(s) that. 例如:It was told in yesterday?s newspaper that what the students had done was praised by the factory. ?I know that he will study. I know what he w
8、ill study. That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all. What he works hard at is known to us all. All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(the person that)he used to be.他和以前大不相同了。 2.6 where在名词从句中的使用特点: where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词the place where” 形式。例如: 主从
9、:Where(The place where)she has gone is still unknown. 宾从:Would you please tell me where(the place where) Mr Smith lives? 表从:Your dictionary remains where(in/at the place where)you put. 同位从:Have you any idea where(of the place where) she is spending her holidays? 2.7 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如: I know where
10、he lives./Please tell me what her name is. 当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序(即“主谓(宾)”或“主系表”结构),将其变为间接引语(即宾语从句)时,无需改变语序。 例如: Whats the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him. Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather ?3. 名词从句考点分析(1) They want to know _ do to hel
11、p us. (NMET) A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they 分析:此题要选陈述语序项,故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整,do后无宾语,故也应排除,只有A项既是陈述语序,且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他们能做些什么”这一意思,故答案为A。 (2) His teacher _ he _ bright and _ he was worth teaching. A.didnt think;was;that B.thought;was;whether C.did
12、nt think;was;× D.thought;wasnt;× 分析:观察题目,可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句,这时前一个宾语从句 的引导语that可以省略,但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略,据此,可排除C、D 两个选项。若选B项,全句意思不通,而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明,不值得教”这一意思,且语法结构无误,故可定A是正确答案。 (3)_ is done cannot be undone. A.How B.That C.What D.Where 析:do一般作及物动词使用,从题干看,需选一词作主语(逻辑上是done的宾语)。 而A.How
13、, D.Where均是副词,不能作主语,故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句中作主语,不能在主语从句中作主语,也应排除。只有选what(the thing that),才能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。 ?(4) Take care _ you don?t make mistakes in the coming exam. A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that 分析:take care是“注意”、“当心”意,后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心不要”意思,据此,该题应选D。 (5)To his surprise,the umbrel
14、la was not _ he had put. A.which B.where C.the place D.that 析:观察题干,was not后是表语,根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where,将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思,而C选项缺少词,不可选。A、D项皆不合用。 (6) _ we can?t get seems better than _ we have. A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what 析:此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思,
15、即 “A seems better that B”结构,根据whatthe thing(s) that这一特点,将其置于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思,故答案为A。 (7) _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 分析:此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容,在句首表“是否”意时,只能用Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。 (8) _ they are most interested in is _ they can produce more an
16、d better cars. A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that 分析:is前面是一个主语从句,要表达“他们最感兴趣的(东西)”这一意思,只能选what填入空白;is是表语从句,显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”,故答案为B。 (9) He made a suggestion that the English test _ until next Wednesday. A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off 分析:suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用(should)do的形式,且该句中test与put off为被动关系,故选B。 (10) I don?t think _ he sai
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