新概念三册lesson34笔记

1、Lesson 34 A happy discovery一、单词讲解 New words and expressionsantique n. 古董，古玩 a piece of furniture, jewel etc. that was made a very long time ago and is therefore valuable）an antique shopan antique dealerantiquated adj. 过时的 (old-fashioned and out of date)an antiquated idea obsolete 过时的，废弃的obsolete wea

2、pons武器obsolescent adj.即将过时的an obsolescent style即将过时的款式fascination n. 魅力，迷惑力= the power of fascinating 常与for/over/on连用have fascination for sb 固定句势结构-Cats have unfailing fascination for most people.-Chinese Art has great fascination for me. fascinate: attract or interest very strongly 使着迷，常用被动形式-Cats

3、never fail to fascinate human being.-English never fail to fascinate students.fascinated by / with sth-He is fascinated with chess.-The students were fascinated by his idea.Charm 比fascinate 语气要弱-The beautiful picture charms me.-I am charmed by the beautiful picture.Captivate 迷惑，使着迷 -His idea captiva

4、ted me.Enchant 使迷惑，用魔法迷惑，使心醉，使喜悦be enchanted by / be enchanted with -She was enchanted by the flower you sent her.Fascinate / charm / captivate / enchant 后接加ing 变成形容词Fascinating / charming / captivating / enchanting-She is a charming girl. -Cats are fascinating animals. -The flowers are enchanting.W

5、inning 吸引人的，主要指物品-The beautiful dresses is winning.forbidding adj. 望而生畏的，望而却步的 =having a frightening or unfriendly or danger look. having a unfriendly appearance; threateningeg. Despite her forbidding manners, shes actually quite a kind person. 尽管她的举止看上去令人畏惧，可实际上是个很善良的人。Eg.He has got a forbidding ap

6、pearance.Eg.Wed better not visit the forbidding coast.a forbidding look 令人畏惧的眼神 a forbidding task 困难的任务a forbidding mountain 险峻的山峰a forbidding appearance 让人胆惧的外表a forbidding eyes 让人畏惧的眼神a forbidding shop 昂贵的让人却步的商场Purple Forbidden City/Forbidden City 紫禁城forbidden fruit 禁果Forbidden zone 禁区Forbid 不允许f

7、orbid forbade forbiddenforbid sb to sth 禁止某人做某事Forbid sb to do sth -The father forbad his children to touch the clavichord.Forbid doing sth -Smoking is forbidden here. Forbid / prohibit / interdictForbid : 政府或私人下令以禁止 -Swimming is forbidden here.Prohibit: 法律条文或官方明令禁止 prohibit sb from doing sth (by ru

8、les and by law)eg. Prohibit any one from selling nuclear weapons.-The law prohibits young people under 18 from going to bar.Interdict: 法律或教会所不允许Keep sb from doing eg. Keep children from swimming in the river!stop sb from doingprevent sb (from) sth 阻止，妨碍eg. His broken leg prevented him from attending

9、 a party.ban: to say that sth must not be done 明令禁止，绝对不能做某事eg. Smoking is banned in the building.eg. His driving license was suspended and he was banned from driving for 3 months.declare a ban on 宣布禁止eg. Declare a global ban on nuclear tests. 宣布全球范围内禁止核试验。boycott 联合抵制购买 (to refuse to buy sth; use st

10、h or take part in sth as a way of protesting)eg. Animal lovers boycott all products tested on animals.动物保护主义者联合抵制购买任何以动物做实验的产品。embargo 禁止与某国有贸易往来，禁运，封港 （to stop trade with another country by an official order）clamp down on : 取缔，镇压eg. Clamp down on illegitimate government.muster v. 鼓起，鼓足Collect / sum

11、mon Muster up / Collect up / summon up = gather / pluck up / keep up 鼓起，振奋-He mustered up his courage and walked up to the girl.muster up courage 鼓起勇气muster up support 请求支持muster up energy 鼓足精力muster up spirit 打起精神eg. He mustered support for his plan. 他请求对他的计划予以支持。gather up confidence 拿出自信pluck up c

12、ourage 鼓起勇气work up strength 鼓足力气screw up courage 鼓足力气pretentious adj. 爱夸耀的，自命不凡的，虚饰的 （trying to seem more important or clever than you really are）记忆方法（pretend- pretentious） -We wont like to visit the pretentious shop.pretentious language 浮华的语言pretentious speech 华而不实的演讲ostentations adj.（贬）夸耀和爱卖弄的a po

13、mpous, ostentations professor 一个自大而又夸耀学识的教授put on airs 摆架子strike a pose 装腔作势put up a big front 摆阔Labyrinth n. 迷宫 (a net work of narrow twisting passages or paths that meet and cross each other and which makes it difficult to find ones way)a labyrinth of long paths 像迷宫一样的乡间小路maze a maze of streets 错综

14、复杂的马路a maze of paths 错综复杂的乡间小路a maze of wires 错综复杂的线路be in a maze 困惑，迷茫 (in a wondering state of mind, not knowing what is going on)eg. I am in a maze about future.be in a dilemma 进退两难 (a different choice to be made between two things)eg. I am in a dilemma about the job offer. to be the meat in the

15、sandwich 左右为难eg. The hen-pecked husband is in the sandwich. 这位惧内的丈夫左右为难。musty 散发着陈腐味的 （having a damp and unpleasant smell）musty roomsmusty bookmusty breadmusty fooddecayed adj. 变腐烂了，变质了stale ：陈的 （not fresh）stale bread 陈的面包a stale job 乏味的工作stereotyped adj. 老一套的，过了时的routine adj. 平淡乏味的cliche adj. （unch

16、anging idea or expression）老生常谈，陈词滥调的Assorted adj. 各式各样的=various types mixed together assorted / different / variousdifferent : 强调此事物与彼事物完全不同 -The word glare is different from that word slare.Various : 各种各样的 all kinds of 强调种类不同-We have got various books.In every part / all parts / various parts of th

17、e world 在世界各地Assorted : various types mixed together -Assorted chocolates 什锦巧克力 -He bought a bag of assorted fruit.Diverse 强调性质不同-We have got diverse opinion.rarity n. 珍品，稀少，少见的人或东西eg. A man over a hundred years old is rarity.eg. Rain is a rarity in Egypt. 雨在埃及十分罕见。master piece 杰作 a rare object 一件珍品

18、tour de force 力作，杰作，不朽的作品 junk : sth of no usejunk food (rich in fat) 破烂货，废品a junk dealer 收破烂的rubbish / garbage / trash / junk rubbisheg. Dont talk rubbish! 别说废话了！trash amgarbage (多用于厨房里垃圾) （waste material , such as paper or food , thrown away）litter : waste paper or containers esp. left on the grou

19、nd in a public placelitter baglitter bug 垃圾虫（到处乱扔垃圾的家伙）refuse refjus n.废品litter vt.杂乱的布满 eg. Books littered the floor. 地板上到处都是书。be littered witheg.The dest is littered with assorted magazines. 桌上到处布满了各式各样的杂志。eg.The road is littered with cigarette ends and some empty beer bottles.eg. The road was lit

20、tered with assorted stones.dedicate adj. 专心致志的 very interested and working hard a dedicated sportsman 一个热忱的体育运动专家 a dedicated musician 一个专心致志的音乐家devoted adj. 忠诚忠贞的a devoted wife 一个忠诚的妻子a devoted couple 真心相爱的一对delicate adj. 细腻的white delicate fingers 细腻洁白的手指delicate food 美味的食品dealer n. 专门从事某一种商品经营的商贩b

21、usinessman / trader / merchant / tradesman dealer 侧重于零售，相当于tradesman a car dealer 汽车销售商a junk dealer 收破烂的peddler 小贩peddler: a person who sells dangerous or unlawful drugs. 贩卖危险品或非法药品的人a drug peddler 毒贩子vendor （a seller of small articles that can be carried about）沿街销售的商贩hawker n. (沿街叫卖的) 货郎 （someone

22、who carries goods from place to place and tries to sell them）tradesman n. 生意人,买卖人merchant n. (做大生意的)生意人the merchant of venicewholesaler 批发商retailer n. 零售商cherish vt. 期望，渴望=entertain or keep hope , love etc. in mind deeply1) 珍视cherish the friendshipcherish the lifecherish the opportunity2) 心中怀有，心中拥有-

23、she cherishes the hope that her son will return.-Dont cherish such illusion幻影.-Dont cherish the illusion that your father will always pay your debts借款.cherish the wishcherish the hopecherish the dreamcherish the ideas 抱有这样的一个念头cherish the memories 珍视记忆cherish the illusion 抱有幻想cherish deep resentment

24、 怀有深深的仇恨eg. The mother always cherished the hope that she could find her long-lost son.ample adj.十分充足而有余的(enough or more than enough)Amply adv. 足够地ample timeample evidenceample spaceamplifier 扩音器magnifier 放大镜Ample / enough Enough 数量，程度足够-The bread is just enough for one meal. -He is old enough to go

25、 to the party.Sufficient: enough 足够的 只放在名词前Enough 可放在名词前或后-We have sufficient food to last one week.-We have enough food / food enough to last one week.Sufficiently 只放在被修饰词前Old enough / sufficiently oldAdequate: just enough 刚刚好 数量和质量上的满足adequate money -The performance is adequate.-Dont be worried .T

26、hey have gotten ample time.Ample / adequate / sufficient / enough-Whatever you do, you must put your heart into it. And then,someday you will be rewarded amply.plentiful: more than enough （数量上）充足的a plentiful supply of foodabundant 富足的abundant resources 资源富足mere adj.仅仅，单单，只要，只是he lost the election by

27、 a mere 20 votes.eg. Dont be angry. its a mere joke.eg. Your meeting us was a mere accident.eg. I pick up the walk-man for a mere 30 RMB.merely adv. onlyeg. Alf merely told her that he worked for the corporation. prise v. Br 撬prize v. Am/pryprize sth off 把撬掉prize sth up 把撬开/prize sth apart eg. Event

28、ually i prized the lid off with a knife.prize the box open 把盒子撬开prize sth out 设法套出话来 （to get information from someone with difficulty or by using force）eg. It took me half an hour to prize the address out of him. 我用了一个小时的时间才从他那套出地址。 dagger n.短剑，匕首look daggers at (to look at sb angrily）怒目圆睁sword 长剑pu

29、t sb to the sword （to kill sb with a sword）miniature adj.小型的miniature camera 小型照相机miniature railway 微型铁路miniature garden 微型花园miniature painting 微型画mini-小minibusminicab 小的出租车miniskirtcompose v. 构成，构思，组成be composed of consist ofeg. Water is composed of hydrogen and pose a letter 构思一封信compose

30、 a poem 赋诗一首compose a speech 写一个演讲稿compose a song 作曲composition 作曲；构思；文章 （a piece of music or art or a poem）二、课文讲解Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people. 古玩店对许多人来说有一种特殊的魅力。语言点:句子结构分析:这句话的主体结构非常简单，exerton的本意是“对施加”，在本句中引申为“对某人具有吸引力”。fascinationexert a peculiar fascination on

31、 sb对某人有一种特殊的魅力Antique shops appeal to a great many people. 古玩店很吸引人。Shoe shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many ladies.鞋店对于很多女士来讲，具有一种很特殊的魅力。hold fascination for sb/have fascination sbeg. High mountains hold a peculiar fascination for me.fascinate vt.eg. Cats never fail to fascinate human

32、 beings.eg. With the advent of E-age, Internet exerts a peculiar fascination on teenagers.The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keep them free from dust is usually a forbidding place.高档一点的古玩店为了防尘，把文物漂亮地陈列在玻璃柜子里，那里往往令人望而却步。语言点1:句子结构分析:w

33、here引导定语从句，修饰antiqueshop,即“的古董店”。Tokeepthemfreefromdust是动词不定式短语，作目的状语，即“放在玻璃柜子里的目的是防尘”。语言点2:keepsth.freefrom的意思是“使某物避免”首先抓主干：The more expensive kind of antique shop is usually a forbidding place.高档一点的古玩店往往是令人望而却步的地方。where 为关系副词，引导一个定语从句，修饰antique shop；to keep them free from dust 作目的状语；free from dust

34、 作keep的宾语补足语。Rare objects 文物，稀有珍品 可以用Rarity 来代替。glass case 玻璃柜子，罩子show case 橱窗book case 书架packing case 货箱knife case 刀架glasses case 眼睛盒man in a suitcase 经常出差的人 a constant traveler esp. for workKeep sb or sth free from （29课）You cant keep yourselves free from anxieties like tramps.你是不能够像约翰一样不受烦恼的侵扰的。We

35、 put our books in bookcase to keep them free from dust.我们把书放进书柜目的不落上灰尘。But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious antique shop.而对不太装腔作势的古玩店，无论是谁都不用壮着胆子才敢往里进。语言点1:句子结构分析:toenteralesspretentiousantiqueshop作目的状语，意思是“为了进不太装腔作势的古玩店”。语言点2:musterupcouragetodosth.的意思是“鼓起勇气做某事”。The forbi

36、dding antique shop is pretentious.二三两句包含强烈明显的对比。The more expensive kind of clothing shop is usually a forbidding place. But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious clothing shop.一种高档的服装店往往是令人望而却步的，但是当我们走进一家普普通通的不是矫揉造作的普通商店的时候却不必鼓足勇气。a less pretentious antique shopa more expensive

37、 kind of antique shop 一正一反，一褒一贬less: not as much 没那么，不怎么less expensive：(compare-cheap)no less than：不少于，多达eg. The book has been translated into no less than 40 languages.less than helpful (not at all helpful)less than successful (not at all successful)less than perfect (not at all perfect)eg. The ope

38、ration is less than successful.in less than no time: very quicklyneither less nor more than 与几乎相同little less than 简直就是nothing less than 根本就是eg. What he said was nothing less than a lie.There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found amongst the

39、 piles of assorted junk that litter the floors.人们还常常有希望在发霉、阴暗、杂乱无章、迷宫般的店堂里，从杂乱地摆放在地面上的、一堆堆各式各样的破烂货里找到一件稀世珍品。语言点1:句子结构分析:第一个that引导同位语从句，解释说明hope,意思是“的希望”。第二个that引导定语从句，修饰junk,即“堆在地上的破烂货”。语言点2:musty,dark,disordered这三个单词并列放在中心词rooms前面作定语，目的是为了强调找出所谓“稀世珍品”的不易。There is always hope that 人们怀有希望We cherish t

40、he hope that You must cherish the hope that one day you will be amply rewarded.eg. There is always hope that one day you will be amply rewarded after long hard work. 人们总是怀有希望能在长期辛苦工作之后，最终得到极大的回报。eg. There is always hope that near Peking University a forged diploma will be bought. 在北大附近总希望买到一份假毕业证书。a

41、mongst: among among other things 尤其，格外among others 尤其，格外eg. I am fond of pop music among others.litter the floor Pieces of paper litter the floor. / The floor is littered with pieces of paper.地面上到处都是纸。marry sbbe marry to sb interview sb No one discovers a rarity by chance.无论是谁都不会一下子就发现一件珍品。语言点:句子结构分

42、析:bychance为方式状语，说明“找到珍品”的方式。by chance/by accident 偶然的eg. No one can succeed by chance. 没有人随随便便成功。by any chance: used to ask politely whether sth is true 是不是，可不可能（非常礼貌，得体的询问对方）eg. Are you Mrs. Smith, by any chance?A truly dedicated searcher for art treasures must have patience, and above all, the abi

43、lity to recognize the worth of something when he sees it.一个到处找便宜的人必须具有耐心，而且最重要的是看到珍品时要有鉴别珍品的能力。语言点1:句子结构分析:atrulydedicated这三个词的排列顺序符合多个修饰词修饰一个中心词的用法。语言点2:aboveall的意思是“首先”，在句中作插入语，用于加强句子的语气。Dedicated / concentrated A truly dedicated person.-He is a truly dedicated scholar.-He is a truly dedicated Eng

44、lish learner.Above all : most important of all 最重要的是。承上启下。用来加强语气。The ability to do something true-trulyterrible-terriblya truly dedicated love hunter 一个真心的潜心寻找爱情的人a truly dedicated English learner 一个真心的一心一意要学好英语的人above all 首先，最重要的/first of all/before all othersto begin with 首先in the first place 首先，第

45、一To do this, he must be at least as knowledgeable as the dealer.要做到这一点，他至少要像古董商一样懂行。语言点：句子结构分析:这个句子的核心结构即mustbeasas,意思是“必须像一样”。To do this : in order to discover a rarity knowledgeable adj. 有丰富知识的，博学的learned l:nid adj. 有学问的 erudite adj. 饱读诗书的informed adj. 有知识的，见闻广博的literate adj. 难度会写的unlettered adj.

46、未受过良好教育的illiterate adj. 目不识丁的，大老粗，文盲的Like a scientist bent on making a discovery, he must cherish the hope that one day he will be amply rewarded.他必须像一个专心致志进行探索的科学家那样抱有这样的希望，即终有一天，他的努力会取得丰硕的成果。语言点:句子结构分析:that引导同位语从句，解释说明hope是什么。Like a scientist bent on making a discovery bent on 过去分词短语，作定语修饰scientis

47、t。be bent on 致力于，一心一意要做Bent on / bent upon 决心于。 形容词短语做定语修饰scientist-He is bent on winning the game.-He is bent on becoming a bridge player.Be bent on doing sth / be determined on doing sth / be devoted to / be engaged in eg. A man bent on seeking fame. 一个一心想成名的人。eg. A man bent on seeking fortune. 一个

48、一心想发财的人。eg. He is bent merely on profit. 他唯利是图。My old friend, Frank Halliday, is just such a person. 我的老朋友弗兰克.哈利戴正是这样一个人。语言点1:句子结构分析:FrankHalliday是myoldfriend的同位语，起解释说明的作用。语言点2:justsuch在本句中突出强调“就是这样的（一个人）”，吸引读者迫不及待地往下读。He has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece for a mere 50.他多次向我详细

49、讲他如何只花50英镑便买到一位名家的杰作。语言点1:句子结构分析:howhepickedupamasterpieceforamere50是宾语从句，说明described的内容。语言点2:describetosb.的意思是“向某人讲述”。pick up 偶然获得，得到eg. He picked up a few words about his girl friend when he entered the room. 他进屋的时候听到几句有关他女友的话。pick up a bargain 买到一个便宜货eg. I picked up an evening paper on the way ho

50、me.eg. I pick up some nice souvenirs when traveling abroad.(pick up: 无意中购买)He has often described to me howdescribe how/why/what to sbeg. It is difficult to describe how I feel.For 花费 A mere : onlyOne Saturday morning, Frank visited an antique shop in my neighbourhood.一个星期六的上午，弗兰克去了我家附近的一家古玩店。语言点:句子

51、结构分析:本句中的visit的本意是“参观，拜访”，为了更加符合汉语的表达习惯，译作“去了(地方)”。in my neighborhood 在我家附近hood: the state or time of being sth 状态，时期childhood boyhood manhood likelihood 可能性eg. There are a few hotels in the neighborhood.in the neighborhood of/a little more or a little less than 大约，左右approximately 大约in the vicinity

52、of 在左右（特别指价格）eg. I cherished the hope that I could buy the house in the vicinity the house in the vicinity of ￥100，000 until I was informed that it was worth ￥200，000. 我一直希望能以10万左右的价格买下这间房子，直到我被告知这房子卖20万。As he had never been there before, he found a great deal to interest him. 由于他从未去过那儿，结果他发现许多有趣的东西

53、。语言点:句子结构分析:as引导原因状语从句。主句中的tointeresthim为动词不定式短语，作后置定语，修饰agreatdeal（很多东西）。He found a lot of interesting things.要会背这两个句型。The morning passed rapidly and Frank was about to leave when he noticed a large packing-case lying on the floor.上午很快过去了，弗兰克正准备离去，突然看见地板上放着一只体积很大的货箱。语言点:beabouttodo(sth.)when为固定搭配，表

54、示“即将做（某事）时，这时”be about to do 马上就要 （immediately, very soon, at once）Be about to when ( at the moment ).表示正要或刚要干什么，突然-I was about to leave when the telephone rang.-He was about to lock door when his friend visited him.lying on the floor 为现在分词作宾语补足语。The dealer told him that it had just come in, but tha

55、t he could not be bothered to open it. 古董商告诉他那只货箱刚到不久，但他嫌麻烦不想把它打开。语言点:句子结构分析:这是一个很有写作创意的句子，told的内容是由but并列连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句。在这句话中，古董商说了两件事，第一件是货箱刚到不久（即第一个宾语从句），第二件是他不想打开（即第二个宾语从句）。but that he could not be bothered to open itthat he could not 同前面的that从句一样，是told的宾语。Bother : trouble 打扰-Dont bother / trouble to come here tomorrow.-I would not like to be bothered / troubled by you every day.Disturb