科技英语翻译-引言、冠词、连词、数词

1、IntroductionvThe features of ESTvI. Complicated long sentencesvGenerally, EST is required to state accurately and reason strictly, therefore, it is common that there exist 3 or 4 even 5 or 6 clauses in a long sentence. When translating into Chinese, one has to separate the sentence into correspondin

2、g number of clauses so as to state clearly and avoid “Chinese English”.ve.g. 1. Factories will not buy machines unless they believe that the machine will produce goods that they are able to sell to consumers at a price that will cover all costs. v 译文译文1：除非相信那些机器造出的产品卖给：除非相信那些机器造出的产品卖给消费者的价格足够支付所有开销，

3、厂家是不消费者的价格足够支付所有开销，厂家是不会买那些机器的。会买那些机器的。v 译文译文2：要不相信那些机器造出的产品售价：要不相信那些机器造出的产品售价够本，厂家是不会买的。够本，厂家是不会买的。v2. There is an increasing belief in the idea that the “problem solving attitude” of the engineer must be buttressed (strengthened) not only by technical knowledge and “scientific analysis” but that t

4、he engineer must also be aware of economics and psychology and, perhaps even more important, that he must understand the world around him.v( one main clause and three sub-clauses )v译文：越来越信服的想法是：工程师不译文：越来越信服的想法是：工程师不仅必须用技术知识和科学分析来加强解仅必须用技术知识和科学分析来加强解决问题的意向，而且也一定要了解经济决问题的意向，而且也一定要了解经济学和心理学，而可能更为重要的是：必

5、学和心理学，而可能更为重要的是：必须懂得周围世界。须懂得周围世界。vII. Passive voicevPassive voice is quite often used in English, and there are about 1/3 of sentences in passive voice.vThe purpose of the passive voice is to stress the stated objective matter which is put at the beginning of a sentence as the subject to emphasize i

6、ts importance.vNote: During the process of translation, the passive voice should be converted into the active voice so as to conform to Chinese grammatical rules.v ve.g.v1. No work can be done without energy.v 译文：没有能量就不能做功。译文：没有能量就不能做功。v2. All sorts of necessities of life can be made of plastics.v 译

7、文：各种生活必需品都能用塑料制造。译文：各种生活必需品都能用塑料制造。v3. All business decisions must now be made in the light of the market.v 译文：所有企业现在必须根据市场来作出决策。译文：所有企业现在必须根据市场来作出决策。v4. Automobiles may be manufactured with computer-driven robots or put together almost totally by hand.v 译文：汽车可以由计算机操纵的机器人来制造，译文：汽车可以由计算机操纵的机器人来制造，或者几

8、乎全部用手工装配。或者几乎全部用手工装配。 vIII. Non-finite verbsvOnly one verb can be used as the predicate in a simple sentence in English. If there are several verbs, the major action must be selected out as the predicate, while the other actions can be expressed in the form of non-finite verbs.vNon-finite verbs cons

9、ist of gerund, participle (present and past) and infinitive.ve.g. 1. 要成为一个名符其实的内行，需要学到老。要成为一个名符其实的内行，需要学到老。v To be a true professional requires lifelong learning.v2. 把水加热并不会改变水的化学成分。把水加热并不会改变水的化学成分。v Heating water does not change its chemical composition.v3. 任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。v M

10、atter is anything having weight and occupying space.v4. Having defined the units for length, mass, and time, we can express through them the units for other physical quantities.v由于我们定义了长度、质量和时间的单位，我们就可以通由于我们定义了长度、质量和时间的单位，我们就可以通过他们来表示其他物理量的单位了。过他们来表示其他物理量的单位了。v人们发现一切物质都是由原子和分子构成的。人们发现一切物质都是由原子和分子构成的

11、。vIV NominalizationvAll substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough.v只要有足够的电位差，电流就可通过任何物质。只要有足够的电位差，电流就可通过任何物质。vThe dependence of evaporation rate of a liquid on its temperature is enormous.v液体蒸发的速度很大程度上取决于它的温度。液体蒸发的速度很大程度上取决于它的温度。v v

12、An improvement of the performance of the machine can be effected by the use of super-heated steam. v可以通过用加热的水蒸气提高该机器的性能。可以通过用加热的水蒸气提高该机器的性能。vV Post-modifiersvMany important equations in science and technology have fractions in them.v科学技术中的许多重要的式子都带有分数。科学技术中的许多重要的式子都带有分数。vUser dater are usually assoc

13、iated with an application such as accounts receivable.v用户数据通常与某一应用有关，例如应收的账目。用户数据通常与某一应用有关，例如应收的账目。 vC-E Practicev1. 图五说明了图五说明了A随随B变化的情况。变化的情况。v English version: Figure 5 shows the variation of A with B.v2. 这些因素决定了计算机储存信息的能力。这些因素决定了计算机储存信息的能力。v English version: These factors determine the ability of

14、 a computer to store information.v3. AC 与与DC相比有许多优点。相比有许多优点。v English version: AC has many advantages over DC.v ( The other expressions: a. The advantages of AC over DC are many.v b. There are many advantages of AC over DC.)v4. 以何种顺序把以何种顺序把A和和 B相加起来是没有关系的。相加起来是没有关系的。v English version: It does not ma

15、tter in which order A and B are added.v5. 你只需要测量一下这个电阻上的电压。你只需要测量一下这个电阻上的电压。v All you need to do is to measure the voltage across the resistor. Parts of SpeechvI. Articlesv 1. The translationv(1) a mustve.g. a. Here is an example. = An example follows.v 译文译文: 下面我们举一个例子。下面我们举一个例子。v b. An experiment f

16、ollows.v译文译文: 下面我们来做一个实验。下面我们来做一个实验。v(2) a mustnt (never allowed to translate articles into Chinese)ve.g. a. A watt is the unit of electrical power.v 译文译文: 瓦特是电功率的单位。瓦特是电功率的单位。v b. The voltage between the base and the emitter is small.v 译文译文: 基极与发射极之间的电压很小。基极与发射极之间的电压很小。v(3) an uncertainty (two choi

17、ces)ve.g. a. is a parameter. 译文译文: 是（一个）参是（一个）参数。数。v b. X is a variable. 译文译文: X 是（一个）变量。是（一个）变量。v2. Their special positionsv Generally, articles are put in the very front of the noun phrases, and the position is called the normal position.v Now lets see their special positions:vdefinite articlev al

18、lv both + the + nounv halfve.g. a. All the terms are positive.v 译文译文: 各项均为正。各项均为正。v b. Both the instruments are good in quality.v 译文译文: 这两台仪器的质量都很好。这两台仪器的质量都很好。v c. This average velocity is just half the final velocity.v 译文译文: 这个平均速度正好是末速度这个平均速度正好是末速度的一半。的一半。v（2）indefinite articlesv suchv what +a (a

19、n) +nounve.g. a. In electrical engineering, such a large unit is seldom used.v译文译文: 在电气工程中，这么大的单位是很在电气工程中，这么大的单位是很少使用的。少使用的。vb. What a good computer (it is) !v译文译文: 这是一台多么好的计算机啊！这是一台多么好的计算机啊！v howv sov too +adj. + a (an) + single nounv as (as)ve.g. a. How big a medicine ball do we need to explain th

20、e short-range forces of attraction between the nucleons in a nucleus?v 译文译文: 为了说明原子核中核子之间的短为了说明原子核中核子之间的短距离吸引力，我们该用一个多大的药丸呢？距离吸引力，我们该用一个多大的药丸呢？v b. Aluminum is not as good a conductor as copper.v 译文译文: 铝的导电率不如铜高。铝的导电率不如铜高。v c. This is so sensitive a device that it can measure the slight change in pr

21、essure.v 译文译文: 这台仪器如此灵敏，它能测出压力的微这台仪器如此灵敏，它能测出压力的微弱变化。弱变化。v d. China has several times as large an area as France (does).v 译文译文: 中国具有数倍于法国那么大的面积。中国具有数倍于法国那么大的面积。v e. This is too complicated a problem for us to go into.v 译文译文: 这个问题太复杂了，我们（在此）不加这个问题太复杂了，我们（在此）不加讨论。讨论。vII. Coordinators v1. And v General

22、ly, it can be translated into “ 和和”, “与与”, “并且并且”, “以及以及”, “而而”, “又又”, “且且”等等v e.g. a. Small switches control lamps and radios.v 译文译文: 小型开关用来控制电灯和收音机。小型开关用来控制电灯和收音机。v b. A change of crop and the use of a good fertilizer will keep the land in good condition.v 译文译文: 更换作物以及使用优质肥料，能使土地更换作物以及使用优质肥料，能使土地保

23、持良好的状态。保持良好的状态。 vc. This computer is large and complicated.v 译文译文: 这台计算机大而复杂。这台计算机大而复杂。v d. We take a long piece of power wire, and we need a straight piece of iron.v 译文译文: 我们取一根长的电线，并且需要一我们取一根长的电线，并且需要一块条形铁。块条形铁。v e. A sodium wire (钠丝钠丝) will burn in chlorine （氯气）（氯气） and produce salt.v 译文译文: 钠丝会在氯

24、气中燃烧（从而）产生钠丝会在氯气中燃烧（从而）产生盐。盐。 vWhen “and” introduces a sentence, it can be translated into “于是于是”, “而且而且”, “那么那么”, “同时同时”等。等。ve.g. And something unusual happened.v译文译文: 于是出现了异常现象。于是出现了异常现象。v v e.g. Before we do this, we should pause and consider.v译文译文: 在做此之前，我们应停下来考虑一下。在做此之前，我们应停下来考虑一下。 v2. Or v (1)

25、 Functions:v a. choice - it can be translated into “或者或者”v e.g. Accuracy is expressed as absolute error or relative error.v 译文译文: 精度可以表示为绝对误差精度可以表示为绝对误差或者或者相对相对误差。误差。v b. apposition - it can be translated into “即即”, “也就是也就是”, “换句话说换句话说” (There is a “,” before “or”.)ve.g. Variations (变化变化) in sound c

26、ause variations in the strength, or amplitude (振振幅幅), of the radio carrier waves.v 译文译文: 声音的变化引起无线电载波的强度，声音的变化引起无线电载波的强度，即即振振幅的变化。幅的变化。v The unit of impedance (阻抗阻抗) is evidently one volt per ampere or one ohm.v 译文译文: 显然阻抗的单位是每安培一伏特，显然阻抗的单位是每安培一伏特，即即一一欧姆。欧姆。vc. between two clauses with a “,” in fron

27、t, it can be translated into “要不然要不然”. ve.g. It is important for the reader to learn and understand the basic concepts and operations (运算方法运算方法) presented here, or the development (论论述述) and the applications of later topics will be difficult to comprehend.v译文译文: 读者学习和理解这里讲解的基本概念读者学习和理解这里讲解的基本概念和运算方法

28、是非常重要的，和运算方法是非常重要的，要不然要不然后面题后面题目的论述和应用将难以理解。目的论述和应用将难以理解。 vIII. Numeralsv 1. The way to express a fractionv Pattern: cardinal numberv ordinal number v (The ordinal number is in plural form except when the cardinal number is 1, in which case the singular form must be used.)v Read：1/3， ， 3/5，7/9 va. a

29、 few tenths of a percentv 译文译文: 千分之几千分之几v b. By varying VBE only a few hundredths of a volt, the base current (基极电流基极电流) can be changed significantly (明显地明显地).v 译文译文: 只要使只要使VBE变化百分之几（零点零几）变化百分之几（零点零几）伏，就可使基极电流产生明显的变化。伏，就可使基极电流产生明显的变化。v c. This is only a few thousandths of the heat of vaporization (汽

30、化热汽化热).v 译文译文: 这仅是汽化热的千分之几。这仅是汽化热的千分之几。vTranslate: 百万分之三：百万分之三：vEnglish version:3 parts in 106（ten to the sixth power）v 万分之一：万分之一：vEnglish version: one (a ) part in 104 （ten to the fourth power）v 十亿分之五：十亿分之五：vEnglish version: 5 parts per (in one) billionv它们之差为百万分之十。它们之差为百万分之十。 vEnglish version: Thei

31、r difference is 10 parts in a million / per million / in 106.vA fraction the (its; their) + nounv A multiple + that + post-modifier (of phrase)vA percentage what clause 2. Special ways for a numeral to act as a pre-modifierve.g. a. The moon is about one-quarter the size of the earth.v 译文译文: 月球的体积约为地

32、球的四分之一。月球的体积约为地球的四分之一。v b. The length of this helical antenna (螺螺旋天线旋天线) is five times its diameter.v 译文译文: 这个螺旋天线的长度是其直径的五这个螺旋天线的长度是其直径的五倍。倍。v c. The resistivity of aluminum is 1.6 times that of copper.v 译文译文: 铝的电阻率为铜的铝的电阻率为铜的1.6倍。倍。v3. Translation techniques:v N times + comparative degree than = n times as the base form + as 原级原级 + asv Compare: The wire (导线导线) is five times longer than that one. v 译文译文: 比那根长比那根长4倍。倍。v The wire is five meters longer than that one.v 译文译文: .比那根长比