H3C路由学习笔记静态路由

1、本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持!H3c 路由(MSR26-30 )1、进入系统视图Startup configuration file does not exist.Performing automatic configuration. Press CTRL_D to break.按Ctrl + D键终止设备查找自动配置Automatic configuration attempt: 1.Not ready for automatic configuration: no interface available.Waiting for the next.Automatic configura

2、tion is aborted. 按 Ctrl + D 键后放弃自动配置的尝试Line aux0 is available.Press ENTER to get started.到这里系统启动完毕，按回车键<H3C>%Aug 22 09:19:53:318 2014 H3C SHEL5/SHELL_LOGIN: TTY logged in from aux0.再按一次回车键<H3C><H3C> system-viewH3C2、修改路由器名称<H3C>sysH3Csysname 名称如将默认的路由器名称改为RoNetwork_Dept, Ro表示设

3、备类型为路由器，Network_Dept表示部门名称，以后看到这个名称就知道这是什么设备、在什么位置。建议以后都采用这种方式来给设备命名，以方便管理。H3Csysname RoNetwork_DeptRoNetwork_Dept如果要恢复默认名称，使用 undo sysname命令：RoNetwork_Deptundo sysnameH3C3、显示路由表(1) IPv4显示路由表概要信息：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table显示路由表详细信息：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table verbose显示某种路由协议的信

4、息：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table protocol bgp|direct|guard|isis|ospf|rip|static还有其他信息，可使用？显示帮助以便选择：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table ?(2) IPv6只需将IPv4的命令中ip替换成ipv6即可。4、配置接口<H3C>sys<H3C> system-viewH3Cint接口名称如配置G0/0接口：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/ 0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0进入

5、接 口 配置视图配置IP地址：RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0ip add ?后面跟掩码长度也行,跟掩码也行INTEGER<1-31> IP mask length IP maskRoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0ip add 24 -24 表示掩码长度为 24 位，和RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0undo shutdown激活接口RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0dis int g0/0查看接口信息5、信息回显及 tracert为了防止命令

6、被系统输出的消息打断，可以配置信息回显：RoNetwork_Deptinfo-center synchronous为防止tracert超时，链路两端的设备都要开启以下功能：RoNetwork_Dept ip redirects enable开启设备的ICMP重定向报文的发送功能RoNetwork_Dept ip ttl-expires enable开启设备的ICMP超时报文的发送功能RoNetwork_Dept ip unreachable enable开启设备的ICMP目的不可达报文的发送功能6、配置静态路由拓扑图：RoNetwork_Dept 端：<H3C>sysSystem

7、View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csys RoNetwork_DeptRoNetwork_Deptinfo syncInfo-center synchronous output is on.RoNetwork_Deptint lo0RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0ip add 24RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0int g0/ 0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0ip add 24RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0undo shRoNetwork_

8、Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0ip routeRoNetwork_Dept%Aug 22 11:45:32:415 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet。/ 0 changed to up.%Aug 22 11:45:32:416 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernetO/ 0 changed t

9、o up.系统发出的消息，g0/0接口已经up 了RoNetwork_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 17Routes : 17Destination/MaskProto Pre CostNextHopInterfaceDirect00InLoop0Direct00GE0/0Direct00GE0/0Direct00InLoop0Direct 00GE0/0Direct00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00Loop0Direct 00Loop0Direct 00InLoop0D

10、irect 00Loop0Static 60 0GE00Direct 00NULL0Direct 00NULL0Direct 00InLoop0RoNetwork_Deptping 使用ping命令测试路由是否配置正确Ping ( 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break 56 bytes from icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=1.457 ms 56 bytes from icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.113 ms 56 bytes from icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.168 ms 56 byt

11、es from icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.189 ms 56 bytes from icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.049 ms -Ping statistics for -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.049/1.195 /1.457/0.140 ms RoNetwork_Dept%Aug 22 11:49:29:304 2014 RoNetwork_Dept PING6PING_STAT

12、ISTICSPing statistics for 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.049/1.195 /1.457/0.140 ms. RoNetwork_Dept RoNetCenter 端： <H3C>sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csys RoNetCenter RoNetCenterinfo sync Info-center synchronou

13、s output is on. RoNetCenterint lo0 RoNetCenter-LoopBack0ip add 32 RoNetCenter-LoopBack0int g0/ 0 RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet。/ 0ip add 24 RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet。/ 0undo sh RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/ 0quit RoNetCenterip ro RoNetCenterdis ip roDestinations : 14Routes : 14Destination/MaskProtoP

14、re CostNextHopInterfaceDirect00InLoop0Direct00GE0/0Direct00GE0/0Direct00InLoop0Direct 00GE0/0Direct00InLoop0Direct00InLoop0Direct00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Static 600GE0/0Direct 00InLoop0Direct00NULL0Direct00NULL0InLoopODirect 00 RoNetCenter配置等价静态路由RoNetwork_Dept 端：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/1RoNetwork_Dept

15、-GigabitEthernet0/1ip add 24 RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1undo sh RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1quit RoNetwork_Deptip ro RoNetwork_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 21Routes : 22Destination/MaskProtoPre CostNextHopDirect00InLoop0Direct00GE0/0Direct00GE0/0Direct00InLoop0Direct 00GE00Direct00GE0/1Dir

16、ect00GE0/1Direct00InLoop0Direct 00GE0/1Direct00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00Loop0Direct 00Loop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00Loop0Static 600GE0/0GE0/1Direct00NULL0Direct 00NULL0Direct 00InLoop0RoNetCenter 端：RoNetCenterint g0/1RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1ip add 24RoNet

17、Center-GigabitEthernet0/1undo shRoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1quitRoNetCenterip roRoNetCenterdis ip roDestinations : 18Routes : 19Destination/MaskProtoPre CostNextHopDirect00InLoop0Direct00GE0/0Direct00GE0/0Direct00InLoop0InterfaceInterfaceDirect 0)0GE0/0Direct00GE0/1Direct00GE0/1Direct00InLoop0Dire

18、ct 00GE0/1Direct00InLoop0Direct00InLoop0Direct00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Static 600GE0/0GE0/1Direct 00InLoop0Direct00NULL0Direct00NULL0Direct 00InLoop0测试：RoNetwork_DeptpingPing ( 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break56 bytes from56 bytes from56 bytes from56 bytes from56 bytes fromicmp_seq=0 ttl=255 tim

19、e=0.935 ms icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.156 ms icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.732 ms icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.301 ms icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.733 ms-Ping statistics for -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.732 /0.971/1.301/0.227 ms RoNetCenterping

20、 -r route”,记录路由Ping ( 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break56 bytes from icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.827 msRR:56 bytes from icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.964 msRR:56 bytes from icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.895 ms RR:56 bytes from icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.673 ms RR:56 bytes from icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.905

21、ms RR:-Ping statistics for -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.673 /1.053/1.895/0.432 ms-数据包被轮流在两条链路上发送，但是奇怪的是，只从一条链路返回，这与从哪条链路出去就从哪条链路返回：分以参考：R1#pingProtocol ip:Target IP address:GNS3的Cisco路由器不一样,Cisco的是Repeat count 5:Datagram size 100:Time

22、out in seconds 2: Extended commands n: y Source address or interface:Type of service 0:Set DF bit in IP header? no:Validate reply data? no:Data pattern OxABCD:Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbosenone: rNumber of hops 9 :Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV: r% No room for that optionLoos

23、e, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV: Record% No room for that optionLoose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV:Sweep range of sizes n: Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to , timeout is 2 seconds:Packet has IP options: Total option bytes= 39, padded length=40 Record ro

24、ute: <*>(Request 0 timed outRequest 1 timed outReply to request 2 (32 ms). Received packet has optionsTotal option bytes= 40, padded length=40 |Record route:(<*>回来(一(I End of list |Reply to request 3 (48 ms). Received packet has optionsTotal option bytes= 40, padded length=40本文档如对你有帮助，请帮

25、忙下载支持！ Record route:( ( ( (<*> ( ( ( ( (End of listReply to request 4 (24 ms). Received packet has options Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40_|Record route:( ( ( (<*> ( ( ( ( (End of listSuccess rate is 60 percent (35), round-trip min/avg/max = 24 /34/48 ms RoNetwork_Deptint g0/ 0R

26、oNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0sh关闭 G0/0 接口，看看还能不能 ping 通RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0%Aug 22 12:11:22:912 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/ 3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet。/ 0 changed to down.%Aug 22 12:11:22:913 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol s

27、tate on the interface GigabitEthernet0/ 0 changed to down.quitRoNetwork_DeptpingPing ( 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break56 bytes from icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.676 ms56 bytes from icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.626 ms56 bytes from icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.756 ms56 bytes from icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0

28、.952 ms56 bytes from icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.740 ms-Ping statistics for -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.626 /0.750/0.952/0.111 ms RoNetwork_Dept%Aug 22 12:11:33:357 2014 RoNetwork_Dept PING6PING_STATISTICSPing statistics for 5 packets

29、 transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.626 /0.750/0.952/0.111 ms.可见，当其中一条链路down 了之后，数据包可以通过另一条链路发往目的地。配置非等价静态路由：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/ 0本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持!RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0undo sh -重新激活 G0/0 接口RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0quitRoNetw

30、ork_Deptundo ip ro-删除前面配置的路由RoNetwork_Deptundo ip roRoNetwork_Deptip ro preference 1普己置非等价静态路由，指定优先级为 1RoNetwork_Deptip ro-采用默认的优先级 60,比上一条的优先级低RoNetwork_Deptdis ip ro Destinations : 21Routes : 21Destination/MaskProtoPre CostNextHopInterfaceDirect 00InLoop0Direct 00GE0/0Direct 00GE0/0Direct 00InLoop

31、0Direct 0(0GE0/0Direct 00GE0/1Direct 00GE0/1Direct 00InLoop0Direct 0(0GE0/1Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00Loop0Direct 00Loop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00Loop0Static 10GE0Q-只显示高优先级的路由，出口G0/0Direct 00NULL0Direct 00NULL0Direct 00InLoop0RoNetwork_Deptdis ip roSumma

32、ry Count : 1Destination/MaskProtoPre CostNextHopInterfaceStatic 10GE0/0RoNetwork_Deptint g0/ 0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0sh 则次关闭 G0/0 接口，看看路由表的变化RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0%Aug 22 12:24:56:174 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/ 3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet。/ 0

33、changed to down.%Aug 22 12:24:56:177 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/ 0 changed to down.RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0dis ip roDestinations : 17Routes : 17Destination/MaskProto Pre CostNextHopInterfaceDirect 00InLoop0Direct 00GE0/1Di

34、rect 00GE0/1Direct 00InLoop0Direct00GE0/1Direct 00InLoopODirect00InLoop0Direct00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct00Loop0Direct00Loop0Direct00InLoop0Direct 00Loop0Static600GE0/1-高优先级的路由不可用后，自动使用低优先级的Direct00NULL0Direct00NULL0Direct 00InLoop0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0dis ip roSummary Count : 1Dest

35、ination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterfaceStatic 60 0GE0/1小结：等价静态路由和非等价静态路由都能提供冗余，确保在一条链路出现故障后仍能保持网络的连通性，但是两者存在差 别，等价静态路由除了提供冗余外，还能提供负载均衡，数据包会被平均在两条链路上传输，而非等价静态路由中只 有高优先级（低代价）的路由是活动的，只有这条路由因为链路故障或接口关闭等原因导致不可用时，低优先级（高 代价）的路由才会被启用。等价静态路由适用于存在多条带宽相同的链路的情况，而非等价静态路由适用于存在多条 带宽不同的链路的情况一一尤其是存在主链路和备份链路的情况。7

36、、配置默认路由拓扑图：RoNetwork_Dept 端：<H3C>sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csysn RoNetwork_DeptRoNetwork_Deptint lo0RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0ip addRoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0int g0/ 0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0ip addRoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0undo shRoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthe

37、rnet0/ 0quit RoNetwork_Deptip roRoNetwork_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 14Routes : 14Destination/MaskProtoPre CostNextHopInterfaceStatic60 0GE00Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00GE0/0Direct 00GE0/0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00GE0/0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoopODirect 00Direct 00Direct 00Direct 00

38、Direct 00RoSoftware_Dept 端：InLoop0InLoop0NULL0NULL0InLoop0<H3C>sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csysn RoSoftware_DeptRoSoftware_Deptint l0RoSoftware_Dept-LoopBack0ip add RoSoftware_Dept-LoopBack0int g0/ 0 RoSoftware_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0ip add RoSoftware_Dept-GigabitEtherne

39、t0/ 0undo sh RoSoftware_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/ 0quit RoSoftware_Deptip ro RoSoftware_Deptdis ip ro Destinations : 14 Routes : 14Static60 0GE00Direct00InLoop0Direct00GE0/0Direct00GE0/0Direct00InLoop0Direct 00GE0/0Direct00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct00N

40、ULL0Direct 00NULL0Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterfaceInLoop0Direct 00RoNetCenter 端:<H3C>%Aug 22 13:53:14:358 2014 H3C SHEL5/SHELL_LOGIN: TTY logged in from aux0.sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csysn RoNetCenterRoNetCenterint g0/ 0RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet。/ 0ip

41、addRoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet。/ 0undo sh RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/ 0int g0/1 RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1ip add RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1undo sh RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1int 10 RoNetCenter-LoopBack0ip addRoNetCenter-LoopBack0quitRoNetCenterip roRoNetCenterip roRoNetCenterdis ip roDestination/MaskProtoPre CostNextHopDirect 00InLoop0Direct 00GE0/0Direct 00GE0/0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00GE0/0Direct 00GE0/1Direct 00GE0/1Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00GE0/1Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Direct 00InLoop0Static 60 0GE0/0Direct 00InLoop0Static 60 0GE0/1Dire