个人差异和相对职业应付分析.

1、个体差异和相对职业应付引言n组织精简和重组的影响n生涯平台n人力资源的主要挑战n研究主题nThe effects of downsizing and restructuringnA career plateaunThe major human-resource challengenMy research center应付职业平台 Coping With a Career Plateaun介绍n相对生涯应付策略n个体差异变量n假设nIntroductionnCareer-Related Coping StrategiesnIndividual-Difference VariablenHypoth

2、esis介绍 n职业压力n已经做过的研究n应付是什么？n常用模式nCareer StressnThe research being donenWhat is CopingnThe pattern recognized by Elsass and Raslton相对生涯应付策略Career-Related Coping Strategiesn积极策略n 问题中心n 情感中心n消极策略nPositive Strategiesn problem-focusedn emotion focusednnegative问题中心problem-focusedn什么是问题中心应付n问题中心n 横向转移n 新工作

3、n 作为导师n 成为功能或技术专家n 在团队中工作nWhat is Problem-focused CopingnProblem-focusednlateral transfersnnew job dutiesnMentorsnTechnical expertsnWork on special projects or teams 情感中心emotion focusedn什么是情感中心n情感中心n 社会支持n 事业重估nWhat is emotion focusednEmotion focusedn social supportingn reappraisal消极策略negative strat

4、egiesn情感中心n消极策略n 抱怨组织和管理者n 降低工作质量和数量n 使用酒精和药品n 离开nAll emotion focusednNegative strategiesn blaming the organizationnReducing the quality or quantity of the their worknUse of alcohol or drugsnLeave the organization个体差异变量Individual-Difference Variablesn成就感n工作态度n消极情感n年龄n工龄n性别n种族nNeed for achievementnJo

5、b involvementnNegative affectivitynAge nTenurenGendernRace假设hypothesisn假设1n 成就感n假设2n 工作态度n假设3n 消极情感n假设4n 年龄和工龄nHypothesis1n need for achievementnHypothesis2n job involvementnHypotheses3n negative affectivitynHypotheses4n age and tenure假设1hypothesis1n什么是成就感n成就感与积极策略正相关，与消极策略负相关。nNeed for achievementn

6、High need for achievement will be associated with the use of positive strategies and negatively associated with the use of negative strategies 假设2hypothesis2n工作态度n工作态度与积极策略正相关，与消极策略负相关nJob involvementnHigh job involvement will be positively associated with the use of positive strategies and negative

7、ly associated with the use of negative strategies假设3hypothesis3n消极情感n消极情感与积极策略负相关，与消极策略负相关。nNegative affectivity(NA)nNA will be negatively associated with the use of positive strategies and positively associated with the use of negative strategies假设4hypothesis4n年龄和工龄n雇员的年龄和工龄与积极政策正相关，与消极政策负相关。nAge a

8、nd tenurenEmploy age and tenure will be positively associated with the positive strategies and negatively associated with the negative strategies n总结n目标nSummarynThe goal of my research 方法Methodn参与者n测量n分析方法n 回归分析nParticipantsnMeasuresnRegression analysis参与者participantsn水处理设备公司n450-224-120nPerception

9、measuresn我想我处于生涯平台n 性别，种族比例nWater-treatment facilityn450-224-120nPerception measuresnI believe I have reached a career plateaunThe proportion of gender and race测量measuren成就感n工作态度n消极情感n年龄和工龄n个体差异和应付策略nNeed for achievementnJob involvementnNegative affectivitynAge and tenurenCoping strategies成就感need fo

10、r achievementn量表n 5个问题，7维n样题n 我采取适度冒险，并且总是瞄准工作以备进步。n相关系数nA 5-item scalenA 7-point Liken-type scale of agreementnA sample itemnI take moderate risks and stick my neck out at work to get ahead.nCoefficient alpha工作态度job involvementn量表n3个问题，7维n样题n我以工作为生命。n相关系数n3-item scalen7-point agreement scalenA samp

11、le itemnI live,eat,and breathe my job.nCoefficient alpha消极情感negative affectivityn量表n21个问题，7维n样题n一次尴尬经历可以让我焦虑好几天。n相关系数n21-item scalen7-point agreement scalenA sample examnAfter an embarrassing experience,I worried about it for days.nCoefficient alpha年龄和工龄age and tenuren年龄n从22岁到65岁n工龄n从一年到25年nAgenFrom

12、 22 to 65 yearsnTenure nFrom 1 to 25 years应付策略coping strategiesn四维量表n完全不同意到完全同意n样题nA 4-point scalenFrom not true at all to completely truenSample items样题sample itemsn我做横向转移n我向同事，朋友，家人诉说工作进展。n我决定不再那么看重晋升的事情。nI have taken a lateral transfer.nI have talked with friends about my career progress.nI have

13、decided to make promotion less of a priority in my life结果resultsn表一 表明了在该研究中所有变量的相关系数。nTable 1 represents the correlation between all of the variables in this study.n表二 表明个体差异与积极策略之间的关系。nTable 2 contains the results of the regression analyses,testing the associations between the individual-differenc

14、e variables and the 7positive coping strategies.n表三 表明个体差异与消极策略之间的关系。nTable 3 presents the same analyses for the 6 negative coping strategies.总结n假设1得到了强烈支持，成就感高的人，明显使用积极策略多余消极策略。nHypothesis 1 received good support in that need for achievement was significantly associated with the use of more positiv

15、e and less negative strategies.n假设2在工作态度方面得到了比较模糊的支持。nHypothesis 2 received very marginal support in that job involvement.n假设3 在消极情感方面的到了较好的支持，消极情感高的人更多的使用消极策略而不是积极策略。(除了更多的使用对工作的重估）nNegative affective was associated with less use of positive strategies and greater use of negative strategies (the exception being greater use of reappraisal).n对于假设4的有限支持n年龄和工龄nI found limited support for hypothesis 4.nAge and tenure讨论 成就感n结论n作用讨论 工作态度n不是一个非常有用的变量n两个情感因素n作用n讨论nNot a useful personality variable in the conte