人教版英语八年级下册Unit1知识点

1、Unit 1A1.advice n. 建议，忠告，劝告(1)advice 是不可数名词，表示“一条建议” “两条建议”“一些建议”可用：a piece of advice；two piece of advice；some advice(2)advice 作名词时的常用搭配： ask sb. for advice征询某人的建议 give sb. some advice= give some advice to sb给.某人提出一些建议 give advice on sth在.某方面给出建议 take (follow) ones advice 接受某人的建议e.g. He often gives

2、us some advice.=He often gives some advice to us.他经常给我们一些建议。例题： Your _ is very helpful. I guess Ill take it.A. secretB. adviceC. promiseD. purpose答案： B 秘密；建议；承诺；目标。由下句“我想我会采纳。 ”可知“你的建议很有用”。2.What s the matter? 怎么了 ?(1)该句用来询问对方所遇到的麻烦， 或医生及护士询问病人身体情况， 常与 with 连用，后跟 sb./sth.，意为“某人或某物怎么了 ?”e.g. What s t

3、he matter (with you)?你( )怎么了 ? I lost my pen./I have a cold. 我把我的钢笔弄丢了。 / 我感冒了。(2)“(你)怎么了 ?”各种常见表达：Whatsthe matter (with you)?=Whats the trouble (with you)?=Whats the problem(with you)?=Whats wrong (with you)?=Whats up?=What happened?例题： Nick is not at school. _? He has a cold.A. Who s that B. What

4、s the matter C. How old is heD. How much is it答案： B 句意： Nick 没来上学。怎么回事 ? 他感冒了。此类句型中， matter，problem 前需加定冠词 the，trouble 前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词； wrong 是形容词，其前不加任何修饰词。此类句型中， what 即为句子主语，本身构成陈述语序，故当句子以宾语从句身份出现时，不可将 be 移至 the matter/trouble/problem之后。3.have a stomachache 胃疼(1)have +a(n)+名词，表示患某种病e.g. have a c

5、old感冒have a toothache牙疼have a fever发烧have a headache头疼拓展： sore 与 pain 也可用于表示疾病的短语e.g. have a sore throat(back/knee)嗓子疼 (背疼 /膝盖疼 )have a pain in the back(foot/knee)背疼 (脚疼 /膝盖疼 )(2)stomachache可数名词，意为“胃疼；腹疼” ，是由名词 stomach(胃；腹部 )加ache(疼痛 )构成的复合名词。“身体部位 +ache”构成疾病名称headache头疼toothache牙疼backache背疼例题： Mom

6、，I _. I m rryso to hear that， dear. We must go to see the dentist right away.A. have a headache B. have a stomachache C. have a toothache 答案： C 由下文“ dentist”可知孩子牙疼。4.foot n. 脚foot 作为可数名词用，其复数形式是feet。e.g. This kind of animal has four feet这.种动物有四只脚。(1)与 foot 变复数的变化形式相似的词还有：tooth-teeth 牙齿 goose-geese鹅(

7、2)on foot 步行，固定短语，相当于walk。e.g. We came here on foot.=We walked here我.们走着来这儿的。5.fever n. 发烧e.g. Tom has a fever汤.姆发烧了。(1)have a fever=have a temperature=run a fever发烧 e.g. I had a temperature last night昨.晚我发烧了。例题： Nancy took her temperature and found she had a _.A. coughB. toothacheC. coldD. fever答案

8、:D由上文“南希量了一下体温”可知发现她发烧了。(2)拓展： have a high temperature/fever发高烧6.lie v. 躺，平躺(1)lie 的各种含义： lie v. 躺，位于，平放lay-lain-lyinge.g. You should lie down.你应该躺下。His school lies in the north of the city.他的学校位于城北。 lie v. 说谎 lied-lied-lying e.g. He often lies.他经常说谎 lie n. 谎言 lies(复数 )e.g. He often tells lies.他经常说谎

9、。例题： Look， there is a wallet _ on the playground.A. lieB. lyingC. layD. lain答案 :BThere bedoing sth.为固定句式，lie 躺，位于，平放，其现在分词是lying 。(2)拓展： lay v. 下蛋，放置e.g. The hens lay a lot of eggs every day母.鸡每天下很多蛋。Please lay the table before dinner饭.前请摆好餐具。7.rest v. & n. 放松；休息(1)rest 作及物动词，意为“使休息” ，作不及物动词，意为“

10、休息” 。e.g. You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading在.大量阅读之后，你应该休息一下你的眼睛。Im tired，and I want to rest.我累了，我想休息。(2)rest 也可以作名词， have/take a rest=have/take a break，意为“休息一下” 。e.g. Students have a rest/break after each lesson学生.们每节课后都休息一下。8.feel v. 摸起来(1)feel 常用作系动词，其后跟形容词作表语。其主要用法有：表示某物摸起来给人的感觉，通常

11、要以被摸之物作主语，不可用于进行时态。 e.g. Your hand feels cold你.的手摸起来很凉。 Silk feels soft and smooth丝.绸摸起来柔软平滑。表示某人的感觉，以人作主语，可用于进行时态。e.g. I feel fine./Im feeling fine. 我感觉良好。 /我现在感觉良好。(2)归纳：常用的感官动词 :feel 摸起来，look 看起来，sound 听起来，taste 尝起来， smell 闻起来。(3)拓展： feel like +n. 意为“摸起来像 ”e.g. This wallet feels like leather这.个钱包

12、摸起来像是皮的。例题： This bed _ soft and comfortable.A. soundsB. tastesC. feelsD. smells答案： C句意 :这张床摸起来柔软而且舒服。9.without prep.没有，缺乏(1)without 后接名词、代词宾格或v.-ing 作宾语，其反义词为with 。e.g. We got there without any trouble.我们到了那儿，一路上没遇到任何麻烦。Can you finish your homework without him?没有他你能完成你的家庭作业吗?She left the room withou

13、t saying a word.她一句话没有说就离开了房间。例题： The “ teacher-free exam” means that students take their exams _teachers. Students must be more honest.A. withoutB. againstC. throughD. by答案：A 没有；反对；通过；被。由后句“学生们必须更加诚实” ，可知“teacher-free exam”意思是没有老师监考的测试。(2)拓展： without 用于否定句，还可以表示条件，意为“如果没有” ，相当于 if 引导的否定条件句。e.g. We

14、couldntlive without air.=We couldn tlive if there werentair.如果没有空气，我们就不能活。例题： W_ your help，I couldnthave passed the exam.答案 :Without句意：如果没有你的帮助，我不能通过考试。10.hurt v. ( 使 )疼痛；受伤(1)hurt-hurt(过去式 )-hurt(过去分词 )(2)hurt 作及物动词，表示“使疼痛，受伤；使不快”，后接宾语。e.g. You hurt her feelings because you forgot her birthday.你伤了她

15、的感情因为你忘记了她的生日。A boy hurt himself in P.E. class一.个男孩在体育课上伤着自己了。(3)hurt 作不及物动词，表示“感到疼痛” 。e.g. My feet hurt. 我脚疼。11. when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. ，就在此时司机看到一位老人躺在路边。(1)when 引导时间状语从句，除常常有“当 时”之意外，放在过去进行时构成的主句之后，还以为“就在此时 /那时；突然”相当于 at this/that time。e.g. He was just gettin

16、g into the shower when the telephone rang.他正要去沐浴间，这时 (突然 )电话响了起来。例题： They were playing soccer on the playground _ the storm came.A. as soon asB. as long asC. whenD. while答案 :C 句意：他们正在操场上踢足球，这时暴风雨来了。表示某一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生，应用 when，意为“在那时”。(2)辨析： see sb. doing sth看.见某人正在做某事 (看见动作正在进行 )e.g. I saw him pl

17、aying the piano in the music room just now.我刚刚看见他正在音乐室弹钢琴。 see sb. do sth看.见某人做某事 (看见动作全过程或经常性的动作)e.g. I often see him play basketball after school.我经常看见他放学后打篮球。(3)拓展： v. +sb. +doing/do 的常见动词：一感 (feel)，二听 (listen to, hear)，四看 (see, look at, watch, notice) 例题 1： I see there two boys _ (pass) my house

18、 every day.答案 :pass 句意：每天我都会看见这两个男孩经过我的房子。 see sb. do sth意.为“看见某人做某事”例题 2： I tried to make Alice _ her mind but I found it difficult. Well，I saw you _ that when I went past.A. changed； doB. changes；doingC. change；to doD.change；doing答案 :D句意：我尽力使艾丽斯改变她的主意，但我发现很难。哦，但我经过的时候，我看到你正在那样做。 make sb. do sth使.某

19、人做某事； see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事。12.get off 下车(1)get off 的反义短语是 get on“上车”。e.g. Dontget on the No.8 bus不.要上 8 路公交车。He got off at Guangming Road他.在光明路下车了。(2)拓展： get 的相关短语：get up 起床get on 登上 (公共汽车、火车等 )get off 下(公共汽车、火车、飞机 )get in 进入 (小汽车、出租车 )get out of 从(小汽车、出租车等 )下来例题： Steven，we should _ the bus a

20、t the next stop.A. get upB. get offC. get toD. get in答案 :B句意“斯蒂文，我们应该在下一站下车”。13.to ones surprise 让某人吃惊的是e.g. To his surprise，the plan succeeded让.他吃惊的是，那个计划成功了。surprise 及其派生词的相关用法： surprise 动词 surprise sb.e.g. I dontwant to surprise her我.不想让她惊讶。 surprise 名词 to ones surprise， give sb. a surprise，in su

21、rprise e.g. Lets give Mom a surprise!咱们给妈妈一个惊喜吧 ! surprising 形容词 常修饰物e.g. What surprising news!多么令人惊讶的消息呀 ! surprised 形容词 常用人作主语， be surprised at sth，.be surprised to do sth，.besurprised thate.g. I was surprised at the news我.对这个消息感到意外。 surprisingly 副词e.g. She looked surprisingly well.她看上去身体出奇地好。例题：

22、How was your life in England? Quite different from here. _ , people there drink tea with milk.A. In my opinionB. To my surpriseC. At the beginning答案 :B 在我看来；使我吃惊的是； at the beginning (of ) 在 (的 )开始。由语境可知，使我吃惊的是人们喝茶加牛奶。14.trouble n.问题；苦恼trouble 常用作不可数名词，相当于 difficulty ，意为“困难；苦恼” ，常用短语及句式：(1)get (sb.)

23、into trouble 意为“ (使某人 )陷入困境”。e.g. If I dontclock in before 9， Ill get into trouble!我要是 9 点前没有上班打卡，我就会遇到麻烦的。(2)be in trouble 意为“陷入困境中” 。e.g. Now he is in trouble， we should go all out to help him.现在他遇到了麻烦，我们应该全力以赴去帮助他。(3)have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth.=have trouble/difficulty/problems (in)

24、doing sth.表示“做某事有困难” 。e.g. His son had trouble climbing up the hill.他儿子爬这座山很困难。(4)Whats the trouble (with you)? (你)怎么了 ?例题： Sally is my best friend. She is alwaysthere whenever Im _. Yeah. A friend in need is a friend indeed.A. in orderB. in troubleC. in public答案 :B 按顺序；深陷困境；在公共场合。根据最后一句“患难中的朋友才是真正的

25、朋友”可知每当“我”身陷困境时，朋友总是在帮助“我” 。(5)拓展： trouble 动词，表示“使烦恼，使忧虑；麻烦” 。 e.g. Could I trouble you to open the door?能麻烦你开一下门吗 ?15.hit v. (用手或器具 )击；打(1)hit-hit( 过去式 )-hit( 过去分词 )-hitting( 现在分词 )e.g. The boy hit the dog with a stone那.男孩用一块石头打那只狗。 (2)hit 后接人或物的部位时，常用如下结构： hit sb./sth. on/in +部位 e.g. She hit him o

26、n the head with her umbrella她.用雨伞打他的头。注意：打在人体硬部位上用用介词 on，软部位上用介词 in，且结构中的定冠词通常不可用物主代词代替。例题： Dont play near the window. The broken glass may _ _ _ _打(到你的头 ).答案： hit you on the head.16.right away 立即；马上right away 的同义词和同义短语分别是 immediately 和 right now/at once。 e.g. He set off right away hearing the news听

27、.到那个消息，他立即动身了。例题： My father will leave for England at once.A. right awayB. at timesC. on timeD. just now答案： A 马上；有时；按时；刚才。句意：我父亲将马上离开去英国。B1.taketo 带 去e.g. Dontworry. I will take you to the bus stop.别担心，我将带你去公共汽车站。(1)辨析： bring 带来 (带到说话人的地方 )e.g. Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.记得明天

28、把你的作业带到学校来。 take 拿走 (拿到远离说话人的地方 )e.g. Please take the books to the classroom.请把这些书拿到教室去。 carry 扛，搬 (任何方向 )e.g. Please carry the bag to my office.请把这个袋子扛到我办公室。 fetch 去取来，去拿来 (往返取物 )e.g. Dontworry. I can fetch the key.别着急，我能把钥匙拿来。例题： My parents usually _ me _ that park when I was young. Wealways enjoy

29、ed ourselves there.A. took ； toB. fetched；fromC. brought；toD. carried；from答案 :A 从说话处带到别的地方；去 取 ；从别处带到说话人的地方；从搬。(2)take 的其他常用含义： take 表示“乘坐某一交通工具” 。 take 表示“花费”，常用句型：It takes/took sb. some time to do sth做.某事花费某人多少时间。 take 意为“买”，当决定要买某物品时，可以说“Ill take it/them.”。 take 表示“吃喝”时，与 eat，drink ，have 意思相近；但表示

30、“吃药”时，通常只用 take。2.be used to doing 习惯于做 e.g. He is used to getting up early他.习惯于早起。辨析： be/get/become used to doing“习惯于做 ”前者强调状态；后两者强调渐变的过程，其中 to 为介词，后接动名词 doing。e.g. He has been used to walking to school.他已经习惯于步行去上学。 used to do“过去常常”，后接动词原形。e.g. He used to go to work on foot.他过去常常步行上班。 be used to do

31、/for doing“被用于做 ”是被动语态。e.g. He used his knife to cut off his arm.=His knife was used to cut off his arm.他用刀子砍掉了他的胳膊。例题 1： I used to _ newspapers and watch TV after dinner. But now Im usedto _ a walk.A. read；takeB. read； takingC. reading； takingD. reading； take答案 :Bused to do sth意.为“过去经常做某事”；be used

32、to doing sth意.为“习惯于做某事”。句意：我过去晚饭后常常读报纸和看电视，但是现在我习惯散步。例题 2： Do you know what a writing brush is? Yes. Its used _ writing and drawing.A. withB. toC. forD. by答案 :Cbe used for被用来做 ，be used by sb被.某人使用。3.run out 用尽；耗尽e.g. After a long walk，he ran out of his water长.途跋涉后，他用尽了他的水。辨析： run out 是“动词 +副词”型动词短语，

33、主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等名词。e.g. His money soon ran out他.的钱很快花完了。 run out of 作及物动词用 (=use up)，后接宾语，主语通常是人。e.g. I have run out of my money before payday.在发工资的日子之前我已经用尽了我的钱。注意： run out of 其愿意为“从 中跑出”。e.g. Lots of students ran out of the classroom to see what had happened.很多学生从教室里跑出来看看发生了什么事。例题： I will go to buy

34、some paper. My paper has _.A. gone outB. come outC. run outD. looked out答案 :C 出去；出版，出来；用完，耗尽；当心。句意：我要去买些纸，我的纸用完了。4.So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm. 所以他用刀子将他的右臂切去了一半。(1)knife 用作名词，意为“小刀” ，其复数形式为knives。类似有：wife wives 妻子wolf wolves 狼thiefthieves 贼shelfshelves架子life lives 生命 leaf leav

35、es树叶halfhalves 一半(2)cut off 意为“切除，切断”，是由“动词 +副词”构成的短语。后跟代词时，代词应放于 cut 和 off 之间。e.g. cut off the wire 切断电线cut it/them off 把它 /它们切断(3)拓展：与 cut 有关的短语：cut up 切碎cut down 砍倒cut in line 插队cutin two/half 把 切成两半cut into pieces 把切成碎片5.so that 以便，为了(1)so that 引导目的状语从句，从句谓语动词常用情态动词 may/might/can/could 等。e.g. We

36、 went early so that we could get good seats为.了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。例题： I looked through my test paper again and again _ I wouldntmake anymistakes.A. soB. becauseC. so that答案 :C因此；因为；为了句意：为了不会出现错误，我把试卷检查了一遍又一遍。(2)so that 引导目的状语从句，当主句主语与从句主语一致时，可用“ so as to (in order to)+动词原形”转化为简单句。e.g. He got up early so t

37、hat he could catch the early bus.=He got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus为.了赶早班公交车他起床很早。(3)so that 还可以与 in order that 互换。e.g. He worked day and night so that/in order that he could succeed.他夜以继日地工作为的是成功。(4)sothat 表示“如此 以至于 ”引导结果状语从句。e.g. The boy is so young that he cantgo to school.

38、这个男孩太小还不能去上学。6.mean v. 意思是；打算；意欲(1)mean 用作动词，意为“意思是” ，后面可以跟 that 从句。e.g. Do you mean that its none of my business?你的意思是它与我无关吗?(2)拓展： mean名词形式为 meaning，意为“含义；意思”，常用句型： Whats the meaning of ?。该句型可与 What does/do mean?进行同义句转换。e.g. Whats the meaning of the word?=What does the word mean?这个单词是什么意思 ? mean t

39、o do 打算做 e.g. I mean to go tomorrow，but my father will not allow me to.我打算明天去，但我父亲不会允许我去。 mean doing意味着做 e.g. Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间。7.decision n. 决定；抉择decision 常用于短语 make a decision/decisions意为“作决定”。make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.=make up ones mind to do sth.决定做某事。e.

40、g. He made a decision/decided to go to New York finally最.后他决定去纽约。例题： It was very hard for me to make a _, but I decided to leave my job.A. invitationB. decisionC. planD. discussion答案 :B邀请；决定；计划；讨论。句意:对于我来说做出决定很难，但我决定辞职。8.control n.& v.限制；约束；管理(1)be in control of 为固定短语，意为“管理；掌管” 。e.g. A teacher m

41、ust be in control of his class老.师必须掌控好自己的课堂。Whosin control of the project?谁是这个项目的负责人 ?(2)拓展 :control 的其他相关短语：under control 在控制之下out of control 失去控制e.g. Everything is under control.一切在控制之下。例题： The car was out of _ and hit a tree by the road.A. dangerB. breathC. controlD. practice答案 :C out of danger 脱

42、离危险； out of breath 上气不接下气； out of cont 失控； out of practice 疏于练习。9.keep on doing继续、重复做 e.g. Dontkeep on interrupting me.别老是跟我打岔。(1)句型： keep doing sth一.直做某事 e.g. Keep smiling.保持微笑。 keep sb. doing sth让.某人一直做某事e.g. Im sorry to keep you waiting.对不起让你久等了。 keep on doing sth继.续 /重复做某事e.g. He kept on sitting

43、 down and standing up他.重复坐下又站起来。(2)英语中后接 doing 作宾语的词 (组)：完成练习值得忙 finish ，practice， be worth，be busy 继续习惯放弃 keep on，be used to， give up考虑建议不禁想 consider， suggest， canthelp，feel like 喜欢思念要介意 enjoy，miss， mind10.because of 由于 (1)辨析： because 接从句e.g. He is absent because he is ill today他.今天缺席，因为他病了。 becaus

44、e of接名词，代词或动名词e.g. He is absent today because of his illness他.今天缺席，因为他病了。例题： We didnthave a sports meeting yesterday _ the heavy rain.A. becauseB. unlessC. because ofD. across from答案 :C句意：因为下大雨，昨天我们没有开运动会。介词of 之后应跟名词。(2)because(因为 )和 so(所以 )不能同时出现在一个英语句子中，只用其一，类似的词还有 although(虽然 )和 but(但是 )。e.g. Alt

45、hough he was tired，he still worked hard.=He was tired，but he still worked hard.虽然他很累了，但他仍然努力工作。11.give up 放弃(1)后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。e.g. You shouldntgive up running.你不应该放弃跑步。例题： You should _ smoking. Its really bad for your health.A. put upB. give upC. get upD. set up答案 :B 搭建；放弃；起床；建立。句意 :你应该放弃吸烟吸烟真的有害身体健康。(2)up 在此短语中是副词，故give up 与代词连用时，代词需放中间。e.g. I find it too difficult to learn English well. I want to give it up.我发现学好英语很难。我想放弃它。(3)拓展 :give 其他相关短语：give away 赠送give back 归还；恢复give in 屈服give off发出；放出give out 分发12.情态动词 s