初中被动语态课件概要

1、被动语态复习适用学科初中英语适用年级小学五年级适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）120 知识点主动形式表示被动意义一般现在时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态教学目标掌握被动语态的结构和用法掌握如何让主动语态变为被动语态注意时态与语态的结合教学重点被动语态的结构被动语态的用法教学难点被动语态的结构被动语态的用法教学过程一、复习预习被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者，汉语往往用“被” 、“受” 、 “给”等词来表示被动意义。今天我们复习被动语态，知识点小而多，希望在学习中认真再认真

2、。二、知识讲解知识点 1. 被动语态的用法在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：1、不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：this watch is made in china. 这块手表是中国制造的。some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。2、没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如：more trees must be planted every day. 每年都应该种更多的树。eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证。3、需要强调

3、或突出动作的承受者时。如：chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。4、句子的主语不是人。如：many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。知识点 2. 被动语态的结构（1）被动语态的基本结构为：be + 动词的过去分词【记忆窍门】宾变主，主变宾，by 短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be 后“ 过分 ” 来使用。(2) 被动语态结构与svc( 动词 ed 形式作表语 )结构的区别被动语态表示动作，句子主语为动作的对象，svc 结构表示主语的

4、特点或所处的状态，其中的过去分词相当于形容词，be 只有一般时态和完成时态。被动结构的时态一般要与相应的主动结构一致。下面把这两种结构作一比较：1、the library is usually closed at 6. 图书馆通常六点关门。(被动语态 )the library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(svc 结构 )2、the bridge was completed in 1968. 桥是 1968 年建成的。 (被动语态 )the bridge is completed. 桥已修好。 (svc 结构 ) 3、the glass was broken by my sis

5、ter.玻璃杯是我妹妹打破的。(被动语态 )the glass is broken.玻璃杯破了。 (svc 结构 )为了便于考生们的理解，再举几个svc 结构的例句：the gun is loaded.枪装上子弹了。your composition is well written.你的作文写得很好。the door is locked. 门锁着。he was injured in the leg. 他腿部受了伤。知识点 3. 主动语态变为被动语态1、要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。2、把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，

6、并由by 引导。3、谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。主动语态：动作执行者+ 谓语动词主动形式+ 动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者+ 谓语动词被动形式+ 动作执行者we asked him to sing an english song. 我们让他唱一首英文歌。he was asked to sing an english song by us.他被我们要求唱一首英文歌。知识点 4. 时态与语态的结合时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/ does am/is/are done we clean the classroom. the classroom is cleaned by u

7、s. 一般过去时did was/were done he made the kite. the kite was made by (1) 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to 或 for。如：she gave me a book. i was given a book by her. a book was given to me by her. (2) 动词短语变为被动语态许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语

8、相当于及物动词，可以有宾语， 也可以有被动语态。 但是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态的时候，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或者副词。如：we should speak to old men politely. ( 变为被动语态）old men should be spoken to politely. （to 不可省略）his best friend often looks after him. he is often looked after by his best friend. (3)带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时， 只把宾语变为被

9、动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。如：i heard jane playing the piano in her room. jane was heard playing the piano in her room. (4) 变为被动语态后动词形式的选择主动句中在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等，及使役动词let, make, have 等后跟省略to 的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。如：him. 一般将来时will/shall/be going to do will/shall/be going to be done th

10、ey will plant trees tomorrow. trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 现在完成时have/has done have/has been done jim has finished the work. the work has been finished by jim. 情态动词can/may/must do can/may/must be done ican find him. he can be found by me. he makes the girl stay at home. the girl is made to

11、 stay at home by him. (5)日积月累it is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型一些表示 “ 据说 ” 或“ 相信 ” 的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型 “it be过去分词 that 从句 ” 或“ 主语 be过去分词to do sth.”。有：it is said that 据说 ,it is reported that据报道， it is believed that大家相信， it is hoped that 大家希望， it is well known th

12、at众所周知， it is thought that大家认为， it is suggested that 据建议。例： it is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （ the boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）易错点 1 及物动词 (或动词短语 )有被动语态；不及物动词(或动词短语 )无被动语态。例如： （1） 【误】 the accident was happened this morning. 【正】 the accident happened this mornin

13、g. （2） 【误】great changes were taken place in the past ten years in china. 【正】great changes have taken place in the past ten years in china. 易错点 2 主动句中带双宾语的动词，若将直接宾语改为被动句的主语，动词后应加to 或for；如将间接宾语改为被动句的主语,不需加介词。例如： 【误】 a present was given everybody yesterday. 【正】a present was given to everybody yesterday

14、. 【正】 everybody was given a present yesterday. 常见的带双宾语的动词有：give, send, pass, show, bring, tell( 以上单词通常用to) ,buy, get, read, make (以上单词通常用for) 。易错点 3“ 感使动词 ” (feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, look at)真奇怪，主动结构 “to ”走开，被动结构又请来，十个动词要记牢，不会被它再难倒。例如： （1） 【误】 lily is often heard s

15、ing in her bedroom. 【正】 lilyisoften heard to sing in her bedroom. （2） 【误】 when father was young, he was made work from morning till night. 【正】 when father was young, he was made to work from morning till night. 三、例题精析【例题 1】【题干】 it is said that potato chips _ by mistake about a hundred years ago.a. i

16、nvent b. invented c. are invented d. were invented 【答案】 d【解析】 考查一般过去时态的被动语态，结构为was/were+动词的过去分词。【例题 2】【题干】 food safety is important. rules _ to stop people from food pollution. a. must make b. must be made c. can t make d. can t be made【答案】 b【解析】 被动语态的用法。本句句意：食品安全很重要，必须制定制度来阻止人们遭受食品污染；根据句意应该含情态动词mus

17、t 的被动语态，即must be done。【例题 3】【题干】 shall we go out for a swim? sorry, i can t. i _housework for my mother now.a. am doing b. is doing c. are doing d. did 【答案】 a【解析】 考查动词时态。 根据语境 “ 我不能出去游泳， （因为） 我现在正在为我妈妈做家务。”后有 now.故用现在进行时。选a。四、课堂运用【基础】1.a lot of trees _ on the hill yesterday. a. are planted b. will b

18、e planted c. have been planted d. were planted 【答案】 d【解析】考查被动语态。由时间状语yesterday 可知，用一般过去时，由trees和 plant 构成被动关系，用一般过时的被动语态2. in the past the children were made _15 hours a day. a. to lock b. work c. to work d. lock 【答案】 c【解析】 be made to do sth 被迫做某事， make 的被动语态要带to, 故选 c。3. the taiwan spotted deer, fa

19、n xing and dian dian, _ to the chinese mainland on april 16, 2011. ahave sent bwere sending cwere sent d had sent 【答案】 c【解析】 考查被动语态的用法。由句意“ 台湾梅花鹿 “ 繁星 ” 和“ 点点 ” 在 2011 年 4 月 16 日被送到中国大陆 ” 可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选c。【巩固】1.china has offered much help to japan since it _ by the earthquake and tsunami （海啸） .

20、 a. hits b. is hit c. was hit d. will be hit 【答案】 c【解析】 被动语态的用法。根据句意“ 自从日本被地震和海啸袭击后，中国给它提供很多援助” 可知， it 指的是 japan, 和 hit 构成被动关系。地震和海啸发生在过去，因此用一般过去式的被动语态，故选c。2. who is that little boy in the photo, oscar? oh, it s me! it _ when i was five years old.a. was taken b. took c. was taking 【答案】 a【解析】考查被动语态。答

21、语中主语it 指 photo，与动词take 为被动关系，因此用被动语态。由答语句意“ 是在我五岁时拍的。” 可知，是一般过去时。 故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选 a。【拔高】1.how often do i need to feed the bird? they food every day, or they will be hungry. a. must give b. mustn t give c. must be given d. mustn t be give 【答案】 c【解析】 被动语态。 they 即 birds，they 和 give 为被动关系。因此用被动语态，排除a 和

22、b 由句意 “ 必须每天给他们食，否则他们将非常饿。” 故选 c。2.as everyone knows, rubbish _ everywhere. a. need be thrown b. mustn t be thrown c. can t throw d. may throw【答案】 b【解析】 动词语态。垃圾rubbish 和 throw 为被动关系，应用被动语态。排除c 和 d。句意为“ 每人都知道的，到处都禁止扔垃圾” 。mustnt表禁止。故选b。课程小结被动语态是初中阶段的一个重要语法。被动语态的基本结构为：be + 动词的过去分词【记忆窍门】宾变主，主变宾，by 短语后面跟

23、。谓语动词变被动，be后 “ 过分 ” 来使用。被动语态在不同时态中形式要牢记：时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/ does am/is/are done we clean the classroom. the classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时did was/were done he made the kite. the kite was made by him. 一般将来时will/shall/be will/shall/be they will plant trees trees will be 课后作业【基础】1.in many p

24、laces in china, the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government. a. is taking good care b. are taken good care of c. is taking good care of d. are taken good care 【答案】 b【解析】被动语态的用法。句意“ 在中国的许多地方，超过90 岁的人不仅被家庭好好照顾着，而且也被政府照顾着” 。 the old 指一类人，因此是复数形式，故排除a、 c，被动语态中的动作须是及物动词，因此选b。2. it

25、 s reported that nanjing south railway station _ at the end of this month.a. has been completed b. is completed c. was completed d. will be completed 【答案】 d【解析】 考查句子的时态和语态。分析本句是将来时态的被动语态。故选d 项。3. who is the little girl in the picture? its me. the picture _10 years ago. a. took b. is taken c. has taken d. was taken 【答案】 d