独立主格结构和with复合结构复习[课件]

1、一独立主格结构一独立主格结构1.概念概念: 充当状语充当状语 在句中可以表示时间、原因在句中可以表示时间、原因 条件、方式或伴随情况等条件、方式或伴随情况等。2.结构结构: 名词名词/代词代词 + 非谓语（非谓语（doing & to do & done） 形容词形容词&副词副词 介词短语介词短语 。形容词形容词&副词副词&介词短语介词短语&状语从句状语从句非谓语动词非谓语动词逻辑主语逻辑主语taking your age into consideration,youd better not go hiking.your age taken in

2、to consideration,youd better not go hiking. (逻主you)(逻主your age)（逻辑主语与整句的主语相同）（逻辑主语与整句的主语相同）() 名词名词/代词代词+分词分词(过去分词过去分词done & 现在分词现在分词doing) 当分词作状语时当分词作状语时,其其逻辑主语与句子的主逻辑主语与句子的主 语不一致语不一致时时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语分词应有自己的逻辑主语, 构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也也 可放在句尾可放在句尾;作伴随状语时作伴随状语时,常放在句首。常放在句首。 1._, they lef

3、t the meeting room.（问题解决了）（问题解决了）（settle） 2._ ,well go there on foot. (时间允许的话时间允许的话)(permit) (cross)3.he was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在头下他的手交叉在头下) _this problem settledtime permittinghis hands crossed under his head.l()名词名词/代词代词 + (being) 形容词形容词1. _,he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了他妈妈生病

4、了)2. he entered the house,(他的鼻子冻得通红他的鼻子冻得通红) _（red）()名词代词（名词代词（being) 副词副词 he put on his socks，_. （反的一面在外面）（反的一面在外面）(out)(out)his mother (being) illhis nose red with cold.wrong side out()名词代词不定式名词代词不定式1.i send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. (2005湖南湖南) a. follows b. followed c. to follo

5、w d. being followed.2._ (最后一个人的到来)，our party started.（arrive） the last guest to arrive（）名词代词介词短语名词代词介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。不用冠词。1.our teacher came into the classroom, _.(手上一本书手上一本书)2._ the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜）肩上一

6、面旗帜）book in handbook in handflag on shoulderflag on shoulder()有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或或having been，这是为了简练，这是为了简练。但在但在“being+过去分词过去分词”或或“there being过去分词过去分词”结构中，结构中，being不可省不可省。1._, he went to school.(早餐结束后早餐结束后)（over）2._, w

7、e cant go there. (房间正在被油漆房间正在被油漆) breakfast (being) overbreakfast (being) overthe room being painted nowthe room being painted now二二with和和without复合结构复合结构with和和without复合结构是复合结构是:with/without名词代词分名词代词分词不定式形容词副词介词不定式形容词副词介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。定语。（）with/without名词代词现在分词。名词代词现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或

8、发生的动作。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。 i couldnt finish my work with those children _. a. playing around b. plays around c. played around d. to play around () with/without 名词代词名词代词+ 过去分词。过去分词。用过去用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。分词表示被动或已完成的动作。 in the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book. a.

9、fixing b. fixes c. fixed d. to fix () with/without名词代词不定式。名词代词不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。 with a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. a. settled b. settling c. to settle d. being settled ()with/without名词代词形容词。名词代词形容词。 she sleeps with the window open.()

10、 with/without+名词代词副词。名词代词副词。 _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. a. as b. for c. with d. through() with/without+名词代词介词短语。名词代词介词短语。 1.he sleeps with a book in his hand. 2. a girl with a necklace around her neck got on the bus. 三三with和和without复合结构复合结构 与独立主格结构的转化与独立主格结构的

11、转化（） with和和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句复合结构与独立主格结构在句中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从句或并列句。句或并列句。（）作时间状语（）作时间状语 with winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = when winter comes on, the trees turn yellow

12、and some birds fly south. （）作原因状语（）作原因状语 with the key lost, she could not enter the room. =the key lost, she could not enter the room. =as/because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.(3)作条件状语作条件状语 with time permitting, well visit the summer palace. =time permitting, well visit the su

13、mmer palace. =if time permits, well visit the summer palace.(4)作伴随状语作伴随状语 here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month. =here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.=here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next mont

14、h. () with和和without复合结构可以作复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。 soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. =soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.1._ ten minutes _ before the last train left, we arrived

15、at the station. a. there were; to go b. with; to go c. i was; left d. it had; left2.the lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. a.20 dollars remained b.20 dollars to remain c.remained 20 dollars d. remaining 20 dollars3._ the lights off, we could not go on with the work. a. until

16、 b. as c. with d. because巩固练习巩固练习4.it was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished. a. for b. with c. from d. of5.the weather _ so bad, we had to put off the football match. a. was b. is c. were d. being6. _, the runners raced on to the finishing line. a. stick in hand b. with a stick

17、 in his hand c. sticks in hand d. sticks in hands7. the boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _. a. being closed; trembling b. closed; trembling c. closed; trembled d. closing; trembled 8._,the work can be done much better. a. given more time b. we had been given more time c. more time giv

18、en d. if more time had given 9.weather _, the sports meet will be held as scheduled. a. permits b. will permit c. to permit d. permitting 10._ a rainy day, he didnt go out for a walk as usual. a. it was b. it is c. it being d. having beenwell well done!done! 非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓

19、语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。 一、分析句子结构1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . a. having been told b. told c. he was told d. though he told3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. if you _to the left , youll find th

20、e post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office . a. turning b. to turn c. turn d. turnedcaacc 二、分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1. _no buses , we have to walk home . a. there being b. it were c. there w

21、ere d. it being2. _sunday， i shall have a quiet day at home . ad 三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . a. seen b. seeing c. to see d.see3. the dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .4. _ the d

22、irty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . a. was washed b. washed c. were washed d. having washed abcd 四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。1. the building _now will be a restaurant .2. the building _next year will be a restaurant .3. the building _last year is a restaurant.a. having been built b

23、.to be built c. being built d. builtcbd看看独立主格结构和其他句式的结合 1.he had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.a. whomb. themc. which d. who 【陷阱】容易误选 a，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是b，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选a (2) th

24、ey put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.a. whichb. themc. whatd. that(3) they put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.a. whichb. themc. whatd. that(4) they put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work.a. whichb. themc. whatd. thatbab on sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.a. theirb. whosec. whichd. that