Grammar1Passivevoice.doc

1、Module 1 EuropePassive Voice(period.1)一 . 何时使用被动语态1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要如： Paper is made from wood.The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight.2. 需要强调动作的承受者时如： Collator cant be used in the maths exam.Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.He was awar

2、ded first prize in that contest.3 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.Electricity is used to run machines.二 . 被动语态的构成1. be+done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中， done 可以带 by 短语，而系表结构中 done 相当于 adj. 不带 by 短语。如： The q

3、uestion is settled. ( 系表结构 ) Such questions are settled by us. ( 被动语态 ) The composition is well written. ( 系表结构 )The composition is written with great care. (被动语态 )The job was well done. ( 系表结构 )The job was well done by a skilled worker. ( 被动语态 )2. 许多 verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做

4、adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有 by ，通常是被动语态。如： I was worried about you all night. ( 表状态 )I was worried by mosquitoes all night. ( 表动作 )The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作 )The glass is broken. (表状态 )I was frightened by his ghost story.She was frightened at the sight of a snake.三 . 不同形式的被动语态1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构

5、， 变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语， 另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。如： He showed me his pictures. I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to me by him. Aunt made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by aunt.A new dress was made for me by aunt. He sent me a birthday present.I was sent a birthday present

6、by him.A birthday present was sent to me by him.2 含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。（ 1） 将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。如： They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi.He left the door open. The door war left open by him.（ 2） make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. help 既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加 to ，变为被动，必须加 to .如： My brother often made

7、 me do this and that when I was young.I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.She was heard to move about in her room upstairs last night.Did you see Jack take away the magazine?Was Jack seen to take away the magazine?3.

8、情态动词的被动语态。是由情态 V+be+p.p. 构成如： They can not find him.He can not be found. You must pay me for this. I must be paid for this. He can repair your watch.Your watch can be repaired.4. 短语 V 的被动语态一般来讲，只有及物 V 才有被动语态， 因为只有 vt 才能有动作的承受者 ; 但有许多由不及物动词 +介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态， 但应注意短语 V 是一个不可分割的整体

9、。 变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep 或 adv.这样的短语有：look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, makeuse of, etc.如： They had put out the fire before the fire-brigade arrived.The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.They will set up a new public school here.A new pu

10、blic school will be set up here.5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。 .如： The goods sells well. The door cant open.6.有些词如 want, need, require 和 be worth 后面， v-ing 形式为主动，意义为被动。如： The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.The book is worth reading.7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.如： We know that Britain is an island country.It

11、s known that Britain is an island country.The teacher said that this book has been translated into several languagesIts said that this book has been translated into several languages8. 宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词 it 时，不用被动，只用主动。如： I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.9. 谓语动词是以下时，无被动。happe

12、n, belong to, suit, fit( 适合 ), have, let, join, fall, last （延长） ,cost（花费）break out（爆发） appear, burst out( 迸发 )，hold( 容纳 )，lack（缺乏），agree with（同意） .10. 据说类动词：say, consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc.如： It is said thatThere is said to beSth./Sb. is said to11.主动形式表被动

13、感官动词： sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem 等主语是物时； 一些 vi 主动形式表被动含义open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat,weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc.不定式 to blame, to let （出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义表（ sth）需要的 need ,want, require 等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义be worth 后的动名词主动形式表被动含义四 . Make th

14、ese sentences passive.1. About a million tourists visit Florence each year.2. Ten million people visited London last year.3. Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.4. Picasso didn tpaint the Mona Lisa.5. Thousands of workers built the Great Wall of China.The key:1.Florence is visited by about a mil

15、lion tourists each year.2. London was visited by ten million people last year.3. The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.4. The Moon Lisa wasn tpainted by Picasso.5. The Great Wall of China was built by thousands of workers.五 . Correct the wrong statements.Example: - The Sagrada Fimilia was d

16、esigned by an English architect (Spanish)- No, it wasnt. It was designed by a Spanish architect.1. The Louvre Art Gallery is located in Athen.( Paris)2. Paris is situated on the coast. ( the River Seine)3. Florence is visited by eight million tourists every year.4. Barcelona is known as the birthplace of western civilization.5. The Parthenon was built a hundred years ago. (2.400 years ago.) The key:1. No. it isn t. Its located in Paris.2.