电大《健康教育与健康促进》作业名词解释

1、专业好文档一、名词解释。1.健康教育：是通过信息传播和行为干预，帮助个人和群体掌握恒生保健知识、树立健康观念、自觉采纳有利于健康行为和生活方式的教育活动与过程。2.健康促进：是指个人与其家庭、社区和国家一起采取措施，鼓励健康的行为，增强人们改进和处理自身健康问题的能力。3.健康传播：是指以“人人健康”为出发点，运用各种传播媒介渠道及方法，为维护和促进人类健康的目的而制作、传递、分散、交流、分享健康信息的过程。.人际传播：又称亲身传播，是指个人与个人之间直接的信息沟通的一类交流活动。.促进健康行为：指个体或群体表现的、客观上有益于自身和他人健康的一组行为。1.计划设计：是一个组织机构实际情况，通

2、过科学的预测和决策，提出在未来一定时期内所要达到的目标及实现这一目标的方法、途径等所有活动的过程。2.强化因素：又称加强因素，是激励行为维持、发展或减弱的因素。3.促成因素：又称实现因素，是指促使某种行为动机或愿望得以实现的因素，即实现某行为所必需的技术和资源，包括保健设施、医务人员、论据、医疗费用、交通工具、个人保健技术；行政的重视与支持，法律政策等也可归结为促成因素。4.形成评价：是一个为健康教育/健康促进计划设计和发展提供信息的过程，包括在计划设计阶段进行的目标人群需求评估、政策、环境、资源评估等，其目的在于使计划符合目标人群的实际情况，使计划更科学、更完善。5.不设对照组的前后测试：是

3、评价方案中最简单的一种，它的基本思想是通过比较目标人群在项目实施前和实施后有关指标的情况，反映健康教育/健康促进项目的效应与结局，通常以eoxo来表示。 1.自我导向学习法：自我导向学习法是指个体无论在有没有他人协助下，以个人责任为出发点，主动诊断自己的健康需求，形成学习目标，应用人、物等资源，选择、安排、执行适合自己的学习计划，评估自己的学习成果，以达到自我实现健康目标的学习方式。简单地说，自我导向学习法是学习者自动自发自我负责的学习。2.健康管理：是对个体或群体的健康进行全面监测、分析、评估、提供健康咨询和指导以及对健康危险因素进行干预的全过程。3.医院健康教育（广义、狭义）：医院健康教育

4、泛指各级、各类医疗卫生机构和人员在临床实践的过程中伴随医疗保健活动而实施的健康教育。狭义的医院健康教育，又称临床健康教育或患者健康教育，是以病人为中心，针对到医院接受保健服务的患者及其家属所实施的有目的、有计划的系统健康教育活动，其教育目标是针对患者个人的健康状况和疾病特点，通过健康教育实现疾病控制，促进身心康复，提高生活质量。广义的医院健康教育，是以健康为中心，以医疗保健机构为基础，为改善患者及其家属、社区成员和医院职工的健康相关行为所进行的有组织、有计划、有目的的教育活动。4.患者教育程序：是指健康教育者运用健康教育原理和方法，有计划地对教育对象开展健康教育，通常分为教育需求评估、教育诊断

5、、教育计划制定、实施教育活动和教育效果评价5个步骤。5.社区卫生服务：是城市社区建设的重要组成部分是在政府领导和社区参与、上级卫生机构指导下，以基层卫生机构为主体，合理使用社区资源和适宜技术，以人的健康为中心、家庭为单位、社区为范围、需求为导向，以妇女、儿童、老年人、慢性病人、医疗、保健、康复、健康教育、计划生育技术服务等六位为一体的有效、经济、方便、综合、连续的基层卫生服务。 1.工作场所健康促进：是指以教育、组织、法律（政策）和经济学手段，干预工作场所对健康有害的行为，生活方式和环境，以促进健康。2.社区健康促进：是指通过健康教育和社会支持，改变个体和群体行为、生活方式和环境影响，降低社区

6、的发病率和死亡率，提高社区人民的健康水平和生活质量。3.学校健康促进：是学校健康教育基础上发展起来的，强调通过学校我、家长和学校所属社区内所有成员的共同努力，给学生提供完整的、有益的经验和知识结构，包括设置正式和非正式的健康教育课程，创造安全、健康的学习环境，提供合适的健康服务，动员家庭和社区更广泛的参与，共同促进师生健康。4.体重指数：是评价体重的指标，简称bmi，它是一种计算身高比体重的指数，即体重（kg）除以身高(m)的平方。5.突发公共卫生事件：是指豁然发生、造成或者可能造成社会公众健康严重损害的重大传染病、群体性原因不明疾病、重大食物和职业中毒以及其他严重影响公众健康的事件。if w

7、e dont do that it will go on and go on. we have to stop it; we need the courage to do it.his comments came hours after fifa vice-president jeffrey webb - also in london for the fas celebrations - said he wanted to meet ivory coast international toure to discuss his complaint.cska general director ro

8、man babaev says the matter has been exaggerated by the ivorian and the british media.blatter, 77, said: it has been decided by the fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. you can always find money from somebody to pay them.it is a nonsense to have matches played w

9、ithout spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. it is all nonsense.we can do something better to fight racism and discrimination.this is one of the villains we have today in our game. but it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimination can

10、 be washed out of football.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tom

11、orrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, presiden

12、t of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.baumgartner the disappointing news: mi

13、ssion aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, wil

14、l move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stra

15、tosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.below, the earth becomes the con

16、crete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. it will be like he is diving into the shallow end.skydiver preps for the big jumpwhen he jumps, he is expected t

17、o reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to earth. but this will not be enough to stop him completely.if he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabiliza

18、tion parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. his team hopes its not needed. instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).in order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). he will have a reserve parachute tha