英语作文讲义

1、 1.对立法： when asked about _, the vast/ overwhelming majority of people say that_. but i think/view a bit differently that_. now it is commonly/widely believed that_. they claim/believe/ argue that_. but i wonder/doubt whether_. 2.现象法 recently, the rise in the problem/phenomenon of _ has aroused publi

2、c/popular/wide concern. recently the issue of _ has been brought into focus/ brought to public attention. 3.观点法 history never has the change of _as evident as_. nowhere in the world/china has the issue/idea of _being more visible/popular than_. now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning

3、/coming to realize/accept/be aware that_. 4.引用法 “_”is the remark made by_. it has been shared by more and more people. “_” how often we hear such statements/words as these. 5.比较法 for years，_have been viewed as_. but people are taking a fresh look now. with the growing_, people_. people used to think

4、 that_. (in the past,_.) but now people share a new idea of _. 结尾1.结论法 from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that_. in summary/in a word/on balance, it is more valuable that_. 2.建议法 while it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. the most popular is _. an

5、other method is _. still another one is _. awareness/recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation. 3.方向性结尾法 many solutions are being offered here, all of which make some sense, but none is adequate enough. the problem should be recognized in a wide way. there is no quick method

6、to the issue of _, but _might be helpful/beneficial. 开头句 1 there is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of . 2 as we all know, the general public has been debating whether is a blessing or a curse. 3 nowadays, is playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. however, peoples opi

7、nions are still divided on this point. 4 with a gradual/sharp growth (progress/arrival) of/in , people become more and more concerned about 5 it is true that does ensure/ bring a lot of for one, such as, but, compared with, it seems more/les attractive to me. 6 it is widely believed by many people f

8、or some time that . 7 it is universally acknowledged that 8 it is undoubted that ; there is no doubt that; undoubtedly, there is; it is beyond doubt that .我的看法 1 as far as i am concerned, however, i would prefer to value it as 2 i adhere to / stick to the opinion / view / truth that 3 if i were aske

9、d to make a choice between the two, however, i would like to attach more weight to the latter/former than to the former/latter 4 as for me, i prefer 5 for my part, i am in favor of 6 from my point of view, i side with 7 in my eyes, i would highlight. 8 it is true that does ensure/ bring a lot of for

10、 one, such as, but, compared with, it seems more/les attractive to me.结尾： 1 all in all, 2 to sum up, 3 to draw a conclusion, 4 based on what has been mentioned,对比模板1 some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that_. (观点1) 2 but other people take an opposite side. they firmly believe that _.(观点2)3

11、 as for me, i agree to the former/latter idea. 4 there are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.5 first of all, _.(论据1) 6 more importantly, _.(论据2)7 most important of all, _(论据3) 8 in summary, _(总结观点 1 people hold different views about x. 2 some people assume that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2

12、. 3 as far as i am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. 4 for one thing, 论据1. 5 for another, 论据2. 6 last but not the least, 论据3. 7 to conclude, 总结观点. (或 from above, we can predict that 预测. )图表作文n (1) 表格 table (area chart) n (2) 柱状图bar chartn (3) 饼图 pie chartn (4) 曲线图curve line表说明的

13、常用句型n as can be seen from the diagram/chart/graph/tablen as is revealed/illustrated/shown/stated/noted in the chartn it can be seen from the chart/table/statistics thatn the figure suggests/shows/indicates/illustrates/demonstrates thatn the chart gives information that表结论的常用句型n from the analyses abo

14、ve, we can draw/arrive at/come to/make/reach the conclusion thatn from the above data we can concluden according to the information gathered above, we may reach the conclusion thatn the graph reflects thatn we can make a conclusion from the above that表数据的n had the largest percentage/proportion ofn m

15、ake(s) up/ take(s) up/ account(s) forpercent.n on the top of the list is, which accounts forpercent.n compared with a, b has a higher/lower percentage.n a is ranked/ rated first, followed by b a is twice as much/ many as b.n a is percent higher than b.n a is slower than b by three times.n the number

16、 of a is three times as much as that of b.表成倍变化的n the number has doubled/tripled/quintupled（五倍的）, betweenandn from to,increased/dropped more than six fold（6倍，6折）.n a is twice/three times/four times the amount in表极点变化的n the situation/figures reached a peak/high atpercent inn the situation/figures bot

17、tomed out atpercent inn the output ofinwaspercent down/up compared with表数据增长的n there was a rapid/sharp/dramatic/marked/gradual/slow rise/increase/upwardn it increased/rose/went up fromton it has risen to an average ofn the number ofis on the rise/increase.n the number of tends to go up/increase/rise

18、.n there was a boom in the number offromton the number ofclimbed/jumped/rose suddenly/went sharply up/soared toin下降的n there was a fall/decrease/reduction/decline/drop/downward trendn the number ofhas fallen/dropped/declined ton the number of is on the decline.n the number of tends to go down/decreas

19、e/fall/drop表变化不大的n there was a slight fluctuation flkten波动 in the number offromton the number ofremained steady/stable/constant between andn there was little/hardly any change in the number ofbetween and n the number of remained level between andn the number ofremained steady at approximatelybetween

20、and应用文（二）信纸格式： 日期：月日年/日月年(美国习惯：may 15(th),2003;英国习惯:15(th) may,2003。) 称呼: 后面的标点是逗号或冒号(美国人在称呼后用冒号,英国人用逗号)。dear sir or madam, to whom it may concern：再次表示歉意或感激（1）thank you for your kind assistance.（2）please accept my heartfelt（衷心的;诚挚的 ） thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.（3）i am sorry that i

21、cannot, and trust that you will understand.（4）in addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience i may have caused.（5）once again, i am sorry for any inconvenience caused.请求回信；（1）i look forward to your prompt response. （2）looking forward to a prompt reply.（3）i expect to hear from you very soon. （4）i

22、 hope to receive your reply shortly.翻译题i.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达例1：他提出的论据相当不充分。译文：the argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词)例2：我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。译文：we are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语)例3：他七十岁了，可是并不显老。译文：he was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子) ii.

23、汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达例4：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。译文：he was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)例5：调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。译文：the investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.(短语)例6：这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。译文：such actions couldnt long escape notice. (句子iii.特殊的否定句式例7：有利必有弊。译文：there is

24、not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定)例8：我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。译文：in that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were jews. (否定转移)分句法例1. 少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。(按内容层次分译) 译文： youth will soon be gone， never to return. and it will be too late for you to go into scholarship wh

25、en in your declining years. 例2. 她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译) 译文： looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. in it there was a boatman fast asleep. 例3. 声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减，但不受气压的影响。 (从关联词处分译) 译文： the speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperatur

26、e and falls with decrease in temperature. it is not affected by the pressure of the air.例4. 我们的政策是实行“一个国家，两种制度”，具体说，就是在中华人民共和国内，有着十多亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度，香港、台湾地区实行资本主义制度。(原文出现总说或分述时要分译)译文： we are pursuing a policy of “one country with two systems.” more specifically, this means that within the peoples repu

27、blic of china, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while hong kong and taiwan continue under the capitalist system例5. 我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知和不会改变的，并且正在深入人心。(为了强调语气而采用分译)译文： we want peaceful reunification with taiwan which is part of our sa

28、cred territory. our policy in this regard（在这点上） is also known to all and will not change. the desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of（抓住） the entire chinese nation.合句法待添加的隐藏文字内容1例6：一代人与一代人之间的冲突，也就是年轻人与老年人的冲突，似乎是最可笑的。因为这就是现在的自己与将来的自己，或者说过去的自己与现在的自己的冲突。(在关联词

29、处合译)译文：a conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.例7：对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。(从主语变换处合译)译文：to me my aquarium is like my own little kingdo

30、m where i am king.例8：第二天，我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字，比前一个电报说得更详细。(按内容连贯合译)译文：the following day i received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more detailswinger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, whil

31、e slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger

32、 jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament hig

33、h 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman

34、islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me

35、its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediat

36、e investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda

37、.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere)

38、where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught col