人教版七年级数学上册期末总复习

1、many other precious cold water fish. mineral resources, has proved many of the gold ore body, high grade, large reserves, reserves of more than 170 million tons of lignite, iron, vanadium and titanium magnetite reserves proven 6 million cubic meters, 40 million tons of quartz sand deposit reserves,

2、the rare. ) from the short plate, woods continued industry weak, support is not strong, especially inadequate for processing, there are no resources to make good products, marketing is not enough, there are no good products sell for a good price. livelihood weakness, my district is located in the bo

3、rder area, the climate is cold, for many years of the masses of workers have a hard life, and complete the building of forest societys weaknesses are mainly concentrated in the area of peoples livelihood, especially in terms of poverty, the task is still very arduous. from the perspective of short-t

4、erm capital, district financial situation at present tense, some financial debts to repay, is basically living money, no money for development, transformation where did the money come from still outstanding. from the perspective of talent short board, my talent shortage, low overall quality, irratio

5、nal structure, weak overseas talents into local serious brain-drain, especially high-end talents badly, has become the development of controlkey issues. if these short board neither avoid nor overcome, not padded, transformation and development cannot be achieved in forest areas. second, think calml

6、y, calmly. a local economic development, strengths and weaknesses are dynamic and reciprocal transformation, there is no absolute advantages and disadvantages, advantages and disadvantages of nothing, as the time, place, and changes in external conditions, advantages could become disadvantages, disa

7、dvantages may also be to your advantage. for example, my good ecological environment, land development later, is the nations most dare ring of green and organic food, but these years are basically kind of traditional crops such as soybean, wheat, especially the heavy use of chemical fertilizers and

8、pesticides, the ecological advantages of agricultural development are being degraded. for example, ice and snow were our weaknesses, sought after now, with visitors to the snow and ice in the south, but the development of eco-tourism of gold and silver. for example, our region is located in the bord

9、er area, has been our weakness today as the country along the way, and long jiang silk road building farther forward, but is expected to be opened to the russian frontier. (from xxs situation, while our railways, ports and other projects has not fought for, but with the mongolia-russia economic corr

10、idors 65 policy and steady growth benefits of further releases, provide opportunities for our projects, paving projects in the early county, in the thirteen-five period will very likely get a specific implementation). practice has proved that adversity is short or long 人教版七年级数学上册期末总复习第一章有理数1.有理数：(1)

11、凡能写成形式的数，都是有理数，整数和分数统称有理数.注意：0即不是正数，也不是负数；-a不一定是负数，+a也不一定是正数；p不是有理数；(2)有理数的分类: (3)注意：有理数中，1、0、-1是三个特殊的数，它们有自己的特性；这三个数把数轴上的数分成四个区域，这四个区域的数也有自己的特性；(4)自然数 0和正整数； a0 a是正数； a0 a是负数；a0 a是正数或0 a是非负数； a 0 a是负数或0 a是非正数.2数轴：数轴是规定了原点、正方向、单位长度的一条直线.3相反数：(1)只有符号不同的两个数，我们说其中一个是另一个的相反数；0的相反数还是0； (2)注意： a-b+c的相反数是-

12、a+b-c；a-b的相反数是b-a；a+b的相反数是-a-b；(3)相反数的和为0 a+b=0 a、b互为相反数.(4)相反数的商为-1.（5）相反数的绝对值相等4.绝对值：(1)正数的绝对值等于它本身，0的绝对值是0，负数的绝对值等于它的相反数；注意：绝对值的意义是数轴上表示某数的点离开原点的距离；(2) 绝对值可表示为： 或 ； (3) ； ；(4) |a|是重要的非负数，即|a|0；5.有理数比大小：（1）正数永远比0大，负数永远比0小；（2）正数大于一切负数；（3）两个负数比较，绝对值大的反而小；（4）数轴上的两个数，右边的数总比左边的数大；（5）-1，-2，+1，+4，-0.5，以上

13、数据表示与标准质量的差， 绝对值越小，越接近标准。6.倒数：乘积为1的两个数互为倒数；注意：0没有倒数； 若ab=1 a、b互为倒数； 若ab=-1 a、b互为负倒数.等于本身的数汇总：相反数等于本身的数：0倒数等于本身的数：1，-1绝对值等于本身的数：正数和0平方等于本身的数：0,1立方等于本身的数：0,1，-1.7. 有理数加法法则：（1）同号两数相加，取相同的符号，并把绝对值相加；（2）异号两数相加，取绝对值较大加数的符号，并用较大的绝对值减去较小的绝对值；（3）一个数与0相加，仍得这个数.8有理数加法的运算律：（1）加法的交换律：a+b=b+a ；（2）加法的结合律：（a+b）+c=a

14、+（b+c）.9有理数减法法则：减去一个数，等于加上这个数的相反数；即a-b=a+（-b）.10 有理数乘法法则：（1）两数相乘，同号得正，异号得负，并把绝对值相乘；（2）任何数同零相乘都得零；（3）几个因式都不为零，积的符号由负因式的个数决定.奇数个负数为负，偶数个负数为正。11 有理数乘法的运算律：（1）乘法的交换律：ab=ba；（2）乘法的结合律：（ab）c=a（bc）；（3）乘法的分配律：a（b+c）=ab+ac .（简便运算）12有理数除法法则：除以一个数等于乘以这个数的倒数；注意：零不能做除数，.13有理数乘方的法则：（1）正数的任何次幂都是正数； （2）负数的奇次幂是负数；负数的

15、偶次幂是正数；14乘方的定义：（1）求相同因式积的运算，叫做乘方；（2）乘方中，相同的因式叫做底数，相同因式的个数叫做指数，乘方的结果叫做幂；（3）a2是重要的非负数，即a20；若a2+|b|=0 a=0,b=0；（4）据规律 底数的小数点移动一位，平方数的小数点移动二位.15科学记数法：把一个大于10的数记成a10n的形式，其中a是整数数位只有一位的数，这种记数法叫科学记数法.16.近似数的精确位：一个近似数，四舍五入到那一位，就说这个近似数的精确到那一位.17.混合运算法则：先乘方，后乘除，最后加减； 注意：不省过程，不跳步骤。18.特殊值法：是用符合题目要求的数代入，并验证题设成立而进行

16、猜想的一种方法,但不能用于证明.常用于填空，选择。第二章 整式的加减 1单项式：表示数字或字母乘积的式子，单独的一个数字或字母也叫单项式。 2单项式的系数与次数：单项式中的数字因数，称单项式的系数；单项式中所有字母指数的和，叫单项式的次数.3多项式：几个单项式的和叫多项式.4多项式的项数与次数：多项式中所含单项式的个数就是多项式的项数，每个单项式叫多项式的项；多项式里，次数最高项的次数叫多项式的次数；5 .6同类项： 所含字母相同，并且相同字母的指数也相同的单项式是同类项.7合并同类项法则： 系数相加，字母与字母的指数不变.8去（添）括号法则：去（添）括号时，若括号前边是“+”号，括号里的各项

17、都不变号； 若括号前边是“-”号，括号里的各项都要变号.9整式的加减：一找：（划线）；二“+”（务必用+号开始合并）三合：（合并）10.多项式的升幂和降幂排列：把一个多项式的各项按某个字母的指数从小到大（或从大到小）排列起来，叫做按这个字母的升幂排列（或降幂排列）.第三章 一元一次方程 1等式：用“=”号连接而成的式子叫等式. 2等式的性质： 等式性质1：等式两边都加上（或减去）同一个数或同一个整式，所得结果仍是等式；等式性质2：等式两边都乘以（或除以）同一个不为零的数，所得结果仍是等式.3方程：含未知数的等式，叫方程.4方程的解：使等式左右两边相等的未知数的值叫方程的解；注意：“方程的解就能

18、代入”！5移项：改变符号后，把方程的项从一边移到另一边叫移项.移项的依据是等式性质1.6一元一次方程：只含有一个未知数，并且未知数的次数是1，并且含未知数项的系数不是零的整式方程是一元一次方程.7一元一次方程的标准形式： ax+b=0（x是未知数，a、b是已知数，且a0）.8一元一次方程解法的一般步骤： 化简方程-分数基本性质 去 分母-同乘（不漏乘）最简公分母 去 括号-注意符号变化移 项-变号（留下靠前）合并同类项-合并后符号系数化为1-除前面10列一元一次方程解应用题： （1）读题分析法: 多用于“和，差，倍，分问题”仔细读题，找出表示相等关系的关键字，例如：“大，小，多，少，是，共，合

19、，为，完成，增加，减少，配套-”，利用这些关键字列出文字等式，并且据题意设出未知数，最后利用题目中的量与量的关系填入代数式，得到方程.（2）画图分析法: 多用于“行程问题”利用图形分析数学问题是数形结合思想在数学中的体现，仔细读题，依照题意画出有关图形，使图形各部分具有特定的含义，通过图形找相等关系是解决问题的关键，从而取得布列方程的依据，最后利用量与量之间的关系（可把未知数看做已知量），填入有关的代数式是获得方程的基础.11列方程解应用题的常用公式：（1）行程问题： 距离=速度时间 ；（2）工程问题： 工作量=工效工时 ；工程问题常用等量关系： 先做的+后做的=完成量（3）顺水逆水问题： 顺

20、流速度=静水速度+水流速度，逆流速度=静水速度-水流速度； 顺水逆水问题常用等量关系： 顺水路程=逆水路程（4）商品利润问题： 售价=定价 ， ；利润问题常用等量关系： 售价-进价=利润 （5）配套问题：（6）分配问题第四章 图形初步认识（一）多姿多彩的图形立体图形：棱柱、棱锥、圆柱、圆锥、球等.1、几何图形平面图形：三角形、四边形、圆等.主（正）视图-从正面看2、几何体的三视图 侧（左、右）视图-从左（右）边看俯视图-从上面看（1）会判断简单物体（直棱柱、圆柱、圆锥、球）的三视图.（2）能根据三视图描述基本几何体或实物原型.3、立体图形的平面展开图（1）同一个立体图形按不同的方式展开，得到的

21、平现图形不一样的.（2）了解直棱柱、圆柱、圆锥、的平面展开图，能根据展开图判断和制作立体模型.4、点、线、面、体（1）几何图形的组成点：线和线相交的地方是点，它是几何图形最基本的图形.线：面和面相交的地方是线，分为直线和曲线.面：包围着体的是面，分为平面和曲面.体：几何体也简称体.（2）点动成线，线动成面，面动成体.（二）直线、射线、线段1、基本概念图形直线射线线段端点个数无一个两个表示法直线a直线ab（ba）射线ab线段a线段ab（ba）作法叙述作直线ab；作直线a作射线ab作线段a；作线段ab；连接ab延长叙述不能延长反向延长射线ab延长线段ab；反向延长线段ba2、直线的性质经过两点有一

22、条直线，并且只有一条直线.简单地：两点确定一条直线. 3、画一条线段等于已知线段（1）度量法（2）用尺规作图法4、线段的大小比较方法（1）度量法（2）叠合法5、线段的中点（二等分点）、三等分点、四等分点等定义：把一条线段平均分成两条相等线段的点.图形： a m b符号：若点m是线段ab的中点，则am=bm=ab，ab=2am=2bm.6、线段的性质两点的所有连线中，线段最短.简单地：两点之间，线段最短.7、两点的距离连接两点的线段长度叫做两点的距离.8、点与直线的位置关系（1）点在直线上 （2）点在直线外.（三）角1、角：由公共端点的两条射线所组成的图形叫做角.2、角的表示法（四种）：3、角的

23、度量单位及换算4、角的分类锐角直角钝角平角周角范围090=9090180=180=3605、角的比较方法（1）度量法（2）叠合法6、角的和、差、倍、分及其近似值7、画一个角等于已知角（1）借助三角尺能画出15的倍数的角，在0180之间共能画出11个角.（2）借助量角器能画出给定度数的角.（3）用尺规作图法.8、角的平线线定义：从一个角的顶点出发，把这个角分成相等的两个角的射线叫做角的平分线.图形：符号： 9、互余、互补（1）若1+2=90，则1与2互为余角.其中1是2的余角，2是1的余角.（2）若1+2=180，则1与2互为补角.其中1是2的补角，2是1的补角.（3）余（补）角的性质：等角的补

24、（余）角相等.10、方向角（1）正方向（2）北（南）偏东（西）方向（3）东（西）北（南）方向products mechanical properties test of welded plate ii, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 gb150-98 2 gb50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 jb/ t4735-1997 steel we

25、lded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 gb50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 gb50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 hg20201-2000 construction installation en

26、gineering construction standard 7, hg . pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 yuan. gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 yuan. (7) at height and the

27、opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 yuan. 7.5.3 accid

28、ent penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 12 million. direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant department. (2) personal injury accident o

29、ccurred,short and make up for long. long and short, rational thought, keeping the force, we must deal with it calmly, neither keep advantages do not, missed opportunities, also faced short omissions, loss of confidence, we must correctly understand and handle the relationship between long and short,

30、 effective enhancement initiative, to better promote the transformation and development. three local conditions, homeopathy for. foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, short swagger grams, yangchangbuduan, have in common is that swagger, and avoid, g, fill each have a logical relationship. we m

31、ust adhere to local conditions and homeopathy for, full compliance with the rule of law, market economy and the laws of nature, all time, place and conditions for the transfer, targeted precision application policy. us weaknesses, is to play to strengths and avoid weaknesses. like, in industry devel

32、opment shang, prefectural proposed development six big industry, the county district council must to relies on resources advantage, find associate industry positioning, put local most has competition advantage, and most has development potential of industry first do up, never can tandaqiuquan, and b

33、lind follow, and make with quality of competition, for those obviously not for local development of industry to strongly avoid, cannot shang of project never can took hard on my forehead. we talk about swagger g short was to build strengths to overcome weaknesses. for example, on the adjustment of a

34、gricultural planting structure, i just a little, short frost-free period and low temperature, with traditionally grown soybeans, wheat and other crops in low yields, poor quality, there is no advantage, it difficult for farmers to achieve sustainable incomes. only guide the peasants to do organic, high-end, really good kind of good products, cold region and black glebe ecological